• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.142-144
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• 2005

The Magnetization behaviour has been measured for amorphous $Fe_{80-x}Mn_xZr_{10}$ (x = 4,6,8,10) alloys. The Curie temperature decreased from 236 K to 195 K with increasing Mn concentration (x = 4 to x = 10). The magnetization measurements were conducted at temperatures above the Curie temperature in the paramagnetic region. In all samples, the magnetic properties showed superparamagnetic behavior above $T_c$ where the mean magnetic moment of the superparamagnetic spin clusters decreased with increasing temperature. A large magnetic entropy change, ${\Delta}S_M$, which is calculated from H vs M curves associated with the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transitions in amorphous, has been observed. With Mn concentration increasing, ${\Delta}S_M$ decreases 1.04, 0.95, 0.87 J/kg K at 222, 210, 195 K (the Curie temperature), respectively.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.498-503
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• 1999

La가 혼입된 $BaTiO_3$를 균일침전법으로 제조하여 La의 혼입량 및 입자의 크기 변화에 따른 전기적 특성을 관찰하였다. 온도변화에 따른 저항을 측정한 결과 란탄의 농도가 0.6 mol%일 때 그리고 입자의 크기가 1.0 $\mu\textrm{m}$으로 작을 때 가장 큰 PTCR 효과를 나타내었다. 상전이온도($(T_c)$) 이상에서 온도와 1/$\varepsilon_m$(T)의 관계를 나타낸 도시에 의하면 유전상수의 변화가 Curie-weiss 법칙에 잘 다름을 알 수 있었다. 측정한 비저항과 유전상수로부터 계산한 전위장벽의 높이도 란탄의 농도가 0.6 mol%일 때 입자의 크기가 1.0$\mu\textrm{m}$으로 작을 때 가장 큰 전위장벽을 나타내었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.360-364
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• 2003

$Sr_{l}$ $\pm$x/$Bi_{2}$ $\pm$y/$Ta_2$ $O_{9}$ and $Sr_{l}$ $\pm$$Bi_{x}$ $2\pm$y$Nb_2$$O_{9}$ ceramics were prepared by a solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that single-phase of Bi-layered perovskite was obtained. According to Sr/Bi content ratio, Curie temperature( $T_{c}$), electromechanical factor($K_{p}$ ) and mechanical quality factor($Q_{m}$ ) were measured. The Curie temperature of SBN(SBT) rose from $414^{\circ}C$(314$^{\circ}C$) to $494^{\circ}C$(426$^{\circ}C$) when Sr/Bi content ratio was increased. In the case of Sr/Bi content ratio = 0.55/2.3, the maximum value of the mechanical quality factor $Q_{m}$ of SBT and SBN were obtained 3320 and 1010, respectively.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.806-811
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• 1995

정온도저항계수(PTCR) 특성을 지닌 $(Ba,Sr)_{1-x}Y_xTiO_3$(x = 0.001-0.009, BSYT)를 옥살산공침범으로 합성하여 이트륨 혼입량 변화에 따른 전기적 특성을 관찰하였다. 온도변화에 따른 저항을 측정한 결과 이트륨의 농도가 0.3mol%로 증가할때까지는 큰 PTCR 효과를 나타낸 반면 농도가 0.5mol% 이상에서는 적은 PTCR 효과를 나타내었다. 상전이 온도($T_c$) 이상에서 온도와 $1{\varepsilon}$m(T)의 관계를 나타낸 도시에 의하면 유전상수의 변화가 Curie-Wiess 법칙에 잘 따름을 알 수 있었다. 측정한 비저항과 유전상수로부터 계산한 전위장벽위 높이를 온도에 따라 도시한 결과 PTCR 효과와 마찬가지로 이트륨의 혼입량이 0.3mol%로 증가할때까지는 높은 전위장벽이 유지되나 0.5mol% 이상에서는 비교적 낮은 전위장벽을 나타내었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.284-287
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• 2017

The electrocaloric effect in $0.94(Bi_{0.5}Na_{0.5})TiO_3+0.06KNbO3+0.9wt%$ G.F.ferroelectricceramics was observed in terms of the temperature change (${\Delta}T$) of the fabricated ceramics, Curie temperature $T_c$, and applied electric field. The specimens were fabricated by a conventional solid-state reaction. $T_c$ appeared near $165{\sim}170^{\circ}C$. The P-E hysteresis showed a tendency to slim down with a temperature increase and finally was slimmest near $150^{\circ}C$. With the increase of temperature, the polarization revealed a gradual decrease, and a sharp decline near $T_c$. When an electric field of 45 kV/cm was applied, the largest polarization was shown. The maximum value of the temperature change (${\Delta}T=0.31^{\circ}C$) was obtained at $165^{\circ}C$ under an applied electric field of 45 kV/cm.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.112-122
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• 2001

Laccase enzymes from Cerrena unicolor and Trametes versicolor were immobilized on the activated glass beads (CPG), silica gel (SG) and soil (SL). The heterogeneous matrices were activated by ${\gamma}$-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA), and their surfaces were coated by keratin (KER) on activated or non-activated CPG, SG and SL. The laccase activities were tested in the aqueous solution for the native and immobilized preparations using different pH and temperature conditions. By keratin coating on supports, in the cases of CPG-KER and SL-KER, the immobilization yield was increased from about 80% to 90%. Moreover, much less protein was immobilized in keratin coated matrices than in inorganic ones alone (e.g. on CPG-KER 57.6%, whereas on CPG alone 80.6%). Laccase immobilization on keratin coated inorganic matrices was generally more effective than that of non-coated matrices. Concerned to pH dependency, the optima pH for immobilized laccases generally shifted towards to higher values, 5.5-5.8 and even 5.9 in the case of keratin for C. unicolor and from 5.3 to 5.7 for T. versicolor, respectively, and decreased less gradually both in acidic and alkaline regions. The immobilized laccase was more stable against thermal denaturation. This seems particularly true at $75^{\circ}C$ in the case of C. unicolor, where the activity of immobilized enzyme is > 50% higher than that of the free enzyme. For T. versicolor the respective values were $65^{\circ}C$, and 50%.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.271-277
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• 1999

M ssbauer 분광법을 이용하여 비정질합금 Fe83B9Nb7Cu1의 자기적 성질을 연구하였다. 개선된 Vincze의 방법을 적용하여 각 온도에서 초미세자기장, 이성질체 이동치, 그리고 quadrupole line broadening의 분포함수들을 얻었고 큐리온도는 393K, Hhf(0)는 231kOe로 산출되었다. 환산된 평균 초미세 자기장(reduced average hyperfine field)의 온도 변화는 S=1 자기화 곡선에 비해 급히 감소하는 양상을 보였고 이를 설명하기 위해 Handrich의 분자장 이론에서 교환 상호 작용의 척도인 에 =0.75-0.64(T/Tc)+0.47(T/Tc)2의 온도 의존성을 도입하였다. 평균 초미세 자기장(Hhf(T))은 저온에서 스핀파 여기에 의한 공식 Hhf(T)=Hhf(0)[1-0.44(T/Tc)3/2-0.28(T/Tc)5/2- ]으로 분석하였고, 큐리온도 부근에서는 1.00[1-T/Tc]0.39의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 초미세 자기장 분포곡선의 선폭은 13K에서 102kOe (3.29 mm/s)였으며, 오도가 증가함에 따라 감소했다. 큐리온도 이상에서 평균 quadrupole splitting값은 0.43 mm/s였으며 quadrupole 이동치 분포에 의한 선폭 증가는 13K에서 0.1 mm/s, 320K에서는 0.072 mm/s 정도로 초미세 자기장 분포나 quadrupole line broadening에 의한 선폭 증가보다 작았다. 이성질체 이동치의 온도 변화에 Debye 모형을 적용하여 Debye 온도를 D=424K로 산출하였다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the pyrolysis products of ι-menthol by Curie-Point pyrolysis. The pyrolysis of ι-menthol was performed at 16$0^{\circ}C$, 42$0^{\circ}C$, $650^{\circ}C$, and 92$0^{\circ}C$ by Curie-Point Pyrolyzer and their pyrolysis products were analyzed by GC/MSD. In addition, tobacco leaves added ι-menthol were pyrolyzed at the same condition in case of ι-menthol. The beginning temperature for pyrolysis formation was in the vicinity of 42$0^{\circ}C$ and the major components of the pyrolysis products identified were iso-menthol, 2-menthene, menthomenthene, and menthone. The amount of these components was increased by increasing temperature and the hydrocarbons such as hexadecene and pentadecene formed by ring cleavage were generated at 92$0^{\circ}C$. The yield of ι-menthol in pyrolysis of tobacco leaves was decreased as the temperature of pyrolysis was raised and the pyrolysis products of ι-menthol weren't identified in the pyrolysis of tobacco leaves. Also, to analyze the weight decrease, ι-menthol was analysed by thermal analyzer(TA), and then the weight decrease of ι-menthol was occurred in the vicinity of 18$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2013

$La_{1-z}Nd_z(Fe_{0.88}Si_{0.12})_{13}$ and their hydrides were investigated to obtain large magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) in a wide temperature range, including room temperature, for applications in magnetic refrigents. Since the magnetization change due to the itinerant-electron metamagentic (IEM) transition for $La_{1-z}Nd_z(Fe_{0.88}Si_{0.12})_{13}$ becomes larger with increasing z, the isothermal magnetic entropy change ${\Delta}S_m$ and the relative cooling power (RCP) are enhanced. In addition, the Curie temperatrue $T_C$ of $La_{0.8}Nd_{0.2}(Fe_{0.88}Si_{0.12})_{13}$ is increased from 193 to 319 K by hydrogen absorption, with the IEM transition. The maximum value of $-{\Delta}S_m$, $-{\Delta}S{_m}^{max}$, in a magnetic field change of 2 T for $La_{0.8}Nd_{0.2}(Fe_{0.88}Si_{0.12})_{13}H_{1.1}$ is about 23 J/kg K at $T_C$ = 288 K, which is larger than that of 19 J/kg K at $T_C$ = 276 K for $La(Fe_{0.88}Si_{0.12})_{13}H_{1.0}$. The value of RCP = 179 J/kg of the former is also larger than 160 J/kg of the latter. It is concluded that the partial substitution of Nd improves MCEs in a wide temperautre range, including room temperature.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.247-247
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• 1999

The segregation (distribution) of nickel and the composition of its constituents influence the low thermal expansion characteristics (Invar effect) in Fe-30 wt.% Ni-12.5 wt.% Co-xC Invar alloy. The change of coefficient of the thermal expansion and magnetic properties were studied as an aspect of carbon addition causing the segregation of Ni in primary austenite of as-cast Fe-30 wt.% Ni-12.5 wt.% Co Invar alloy. The coefficient of thermal expansion of Fe-30 wt.% Ni-12.5 wt.% Co-xC Invar alloy showed its lowest value at 0.08 wt.% carbon, increased with increasing carbon content in the range of 0.08-1.0 wt.%C, kept constant at 1.0-2.0 wt.%C and decreased at carbon higher than 2.0 wt.%. The effective distribution of the coefficient of nickel in as-cast Fe-30 wt.% Ni-12.5 wt.% Co-xC Invar alloy increased with increasing carbon content. The volume fraction of they phase of Fe-30 wt.% Ni-12.5 wt.% Co-xC alloy increased with increasing carbon content. The microstructure of Fe-30 wt.% Ni-12.5 wt.% Co-xC alloy changed with the carbon content was independent of the coefficient of thermal expansion. The Curie temperature changed linearly with the carbon content and was similar to the change of the coefficient of thermal expansion. Moreover, the coefficient of thermal expansion decreased when the ratio of saturation magnetization to Curie temperature ($\sigma_s/T_c$) increased, decreasing the Curie temperature and showed a specific relationship with the magnetic properties of the Fe-30 wt.% Ni-12.5 wt.% Co-xCInvar alloy.