• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.318-326
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• 1992

Vinylester resin was synthesized by reacting epoxy resin with MAA(methacrylic acid) at a equivalent ratio of 1.1/1.0 in the presence of N,N dimethyl benzylamine. Low molecular weight epoxy(DER 331) was used together with higher molecular weight epoxy(DER 662, DER 664) and a novolac epoxy(DEN 439), and the amount of DER 331 was not over 50% of the total epoxy components. Viscosity, cure time and mechanical properties of the vinylester resin were profoundly influenced by the quantity of reacted MAA, and the structure and molecular weight of the epoxy resin. Tensile and flexural strength appeared to be the greatest when DER 331 fraction was 30~40%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2016

In the course of our continuing search for biologically active components from Korean medicinal plants, we isolated the main compound, luteolin 5-glucoside from aqueous fraction of Ajuga spectabilis. The structure was elucidated by the basis of $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR and TOF ESI-MS data. Quantitative analysis of luteolin 5-glucoside was carried out on a XBridge C18 column ($S-5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) with gradient elution composed of acetonitrile:water. The results exhibit that the average content of main compound in A. spectabilis were 0.048%. Oxidative stress plays a major role Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodogenerative disease. AD is major health problem and there is currently no clinically accepted treatment to cure or stop its progression. Pretreatment with luteolin 5-glucoside markedly attenuated $H_2O_2$-induced cell viability loss in a dose-dependent manner. Luteolin 5-glucoside also inhibited the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in SH-SY5Y. The results suggest that luteolin 5-glucoside from A. spectabilis has protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity, which might be a potential therapeutic compound for treating and/or preventing neurodegenerative disease implicated with oxidative stress.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.506-513
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• 2015

Ethylidene norbornene (ENB) and its blends with endo-dicyclopentadiene (endo-DCPD) were prepared and reacted via the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reaction with the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ generation Grubbs' catalysts. Dynamic exothermic behaviors during ROMP and tensile properties after ROMP were evaluated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a universal testing machine (UTM) for the samples, respectively. It revealed that the ROMP rate was accelerated with the less contents of endo-DCPD and under the $2^{nd}$ generation catalyst. Also, the addition of endo-DCPD and the $1^{st}$ generation catalyst resulted in higher tensile modulus and strength but lower toughness. Gel fraction measurement and fracture surface observation were made to understand the tensile properties.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2017

Objectives: Selaginella bryopteris L. (family: Selaginaceae), is often used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for the prevention and cure of several disorders and for the treatment of patient with spermatorrhoea, venereal disease, constipation, colitis, urinary tract infections, fever, epilepsy, leucorrhoea, beri-beri and cancer. It is also used as a strength tonic. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of topically administered aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic fractions ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) of Selaginella bryopteris. Methods: An acute oral toxicity study of Selaginella bryopteris at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) was performed. Aqueous, polar and non-polar methanolic extracts ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) applied topically for 5 days were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects against 12-tetra-O-decanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA)- induced inflammation by using the redness in the ear, the ear's weight (edema), oxidative stress parameters, such as lipid-peroxide (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in inflammation, such as tumour necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and IL-6. Indomethacine ($0.5mg/20{\mu}L$) was used for the positive control. Results: Selaginella bryopteris produced no mortalities when administered orally at doses from 250 to 2,000 mg/kg bw. Topical treatment with the non-polar methanolic fraction ($10mg/20{\mu}L$) significantly suppressed redness ($2.4{\pm}0.5$) and edema ($30.4{\pm}1$) and effectively reduced the LPO level ($32.3{\pm}3.3$). The NO level was ($8.07{\pm}0.55$), and the $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6 levels were decreased to $69.6{\pm}15.5$, $7.7{\pm}4.8$ and $82.6{\pm}5.9$, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of medicinal plants like Selaginella bryopteris and quantified the pharmacological interactions between them. The present study showed this herbal product to be a promising anti-inflammatory phytomedicine for the treatment of patients with inflammatory skin diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.104-115
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• 2016

Objective: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of individual patient behavior regarding the health and medical care level on their therapeutic compliance for people diagnosed with high blood pressure by a physician, in order to evaluate the impact of treatment compliance. In this study, the therapeutic compliance was defined as the hypertension drug cure rate. The current blood pressure controls were persons about 30 years of age diagnosed with high blood pressure by their doctor one month fraction of the people who take more than 20 days (30 days). Methods: The data was analyzed by using the X2-test for different comparisons of the therapeutic compliance in the individual characteristics and using a two-stage multilevel logistic regression to identify the community variance of the related index of high blood pressure therapeutic compliance using the data from 229 adults over the age of 19 in a community health survey conducted in 2010. The Spss 18.0 statistical program was used with HLM 7 (hierarchical linear model) Results: It was found that the rate of therapeutic compliance was affected by the individual health behavior and health and medical care levels. Conclusion: In this study, although the odds ratio of the variable region of the high level of health care, I was able Unlike previous studies and focuses on the personal level of variation found variations in the local health care level was a significant. More studies on multilevel analysis are needed in the future considering regional level data.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2002

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was to establish general guidelines for the treatment of patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1-2N0M0), by assessing the role of primary radiotherapy and by analyzing the tumor-related and treatment-related factors that have an influence on the treatment results. Materials and Methods : This retrospective study was composed of 80 patients who suffered from early glottic carcinoma and were treated by primary radiotherapy at Pusan National University Hospital, between August 1987 and December 1996. The distribution of patients according to T-stage was 66 for stage T1 and 14 for stage T2. All of the patients were treated with conventional radical radiotherapy using a 6MV photon beams, a total tumor dose of $60\~75.6\;Gy$ (median 68.4 Gy), administered in 5 weekly fractions of $1.8\~2.0\;Gy$. The overall radiation treatment time was from 40 to 87 days, median 51 days. All patients were followed up for at least 3 years. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to identify the prognostic factors affecting the treatment results. Results : The five-years survival rate was $89.2\%$ for all patients, $90.2\%$ for T1 and $82.5\%$ for T2. The local control rate was $81.3\%$ for all patients, $83.3\%$ for T1 and $71.4\%$ for T2. However, when salvage operations were taken into account, the ultimate local control rate was $91.3\%,\;T1\;94.5\%,\;T2\;79.4\%$, reprosenting an increase of $8\~12\%$ in the local control rate. The voice preservation rate was $89.2\%,\;T1\;94.7\%,\;T2\;81.3\%$. Fifteen patients suffered a relapse after radiotherapy, among whom 12 patients underwent salvage surgery. We included T-stage, tumor location, total radiation dose, fraction size, field size and overall radiation treatment time as potential prognostic factors. T-stage and overall treatment time were found to be statistically significant in the univariate analysis, but in the multivariate analysis, only the over-all treatment time was found to be significant. Conclusion : The high cure and voice preservation rates obtained when using a procedure, comprising a combination of radical radiotherapy and salvage surgery, may make this the treatment of choice for patients with early glottic carcinoma. However, the prognostic factors affecting the treatment results must be kept in mind, and more accurate treatment planning and further optimization of the radiation dose are necessary.