• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2012

국내 연안의 다양한 양식장의 퇴적물과 양식생물에 대하여 다이옥신류(PCDD/Fs), 다이옥신류피씨비(DLPCBs), 및 브롬화방염제(PBDEs)의 잔류수준을 조사하고 분포를 평가하였다. 양식장 퇴적물 중 PCDD/Fs, DLPCBs, PBDEs는 각각 0.03~2.9(평균${\pm}$표준편차, $1.2{\pm}0.89$) pg $WHO_{2005}$-TEQ $g^{-1}$ 건중량(dw), 불검출~1.1($0.09{\pm}0.19$) pg $WHO_{2005}$-TEQ $g^{-1}$ dw, 불검출~16.6($2.96{\pm}3.53$) ng $g^{-1}$ dw 수준으로 검출되었다. 또한 양식생물 체내 함유량은 각각 불검출~0.24($0.07{\pm}0.06$) pg $WHO_{2005}$-TEQ $g^{-1}$ 습중량(ww), 불검출~0.11($0.04{\pm}0.04$) pg $WHO_{2005}$-TEQ $g^{-1}$ ww, 0.05~0.29($0.13{\pm}0.06$) ng $g^{-1}$ ww 수준이었다. 국내 연안 중 동해안과 남해안에 위치한 양식장 퇴적물 중 총다이옥신류(PCDD/Fs+DLPCBs)와 PBDEs의 농도는 서해안보다 약 4~7배 높은 수준을 보였다. 퇴적물에서는 총다이옥신류에 대한 PCDD/Fs 기여율이 대부분(평균 94%)을 차지했지만, 양식생물에서는 DLPCBs가 약 33% 수준으로 퇴적물에 비해 높은 기여율을 보였다. PBDEs 중에서는 양식장 퇴적물과 생물 모두에서 BDE209가 가장 높게 검출되었다. 이전 연구와 비교했을 때, 국내연안 퇴적물과 양식생물 중 PCDD/Fs, DLPCBs, PBDEs의 잔류수준은 대체로 감소하는 추세에 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.85-91
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• 2000

Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus classified in the group Aspergillaceae Ascomycetes. It is an important microorganism for industrial production of enzymes and fermented food productions. It secrets large quantities of proteins or enzymes into the culture medium which makes this organism appealing for the production of heterologous proteins. Recently Electric field-mediated transformation method, electroporation, has been applied to fungal transformation. In this study, fungal transformation was carried out by bypassing the protoplast isolation step, decreasing the culturing time and non-protoplast transformation for the increment of transformation efficiency. Transformants were obtained with electroporation in optimal condition 2,500 voltage, 1,540 ohm and 0.50 capacitance. More than 1,000 transform ants were obtained with 6-10 hrs cultured mycelia without enzyme treatment, called non-protoplast transformation.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.91-124
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• 1985

Mariculture is contrasted with inland aqua-culturing fisheries. It is defind as the Industry of rearing Aquaorganism in limited coastal area relatively shallow in depth. Then, It's coming into being realization of Mariculture in it is long in history that Mariculture was realized in Korea. But it is from the early part of 1960s, that this industry has normally developed. Owing to 200 miles economy-zone problems of coastal countries, the development of deep sea fishing was limited, so the Korean Government has now appreciated the importance of cultured industries in the field of coastal fisheries. And the Korean Mariculture the output of which was only 18, 000 M/T in '60s attained 540, 000M/T in 1980s, has now occupied its relative importance in Korean Fisheries Industry. So the purpose of this report is to suggest the prospect of technical development of mariculture in the future of Korea, through the analysis of the various problems that affect upon the individual management '||'&'||' fishing ground utilization, along with the appreciation of "how to extend of those technical innovation" and "how the fishermen's technique level is extended at this stage. According to this study, the result is summarized as follows. First, Maricultural technique is classified into 8 sub-techniques as follows, as shown in fig. 1.Fig. 1. The Formation structure of mariculture technique Second, the change of technical method of mariculture in coastal area of Korea has made as 5 stages; 1) Scattering of culturing organism 2) Culturing by putting stone and installing bamboo 3) Culturing by installing rope and seeding 4) Culturing of putting objectives in cages 5) Culturing fish by feed Third, the maricultural fisheries of Korea has about 70 years long in history. It began from 1910s. But at that time there was no special technique in aquaculture and its technique was confined in searching out the object of species. The species was laver, oyster ect.Forth, although realization of mariculture in Korea has been long time, it is of late from 1960s that this has been industrial with normal development, and its technique of mariculture has mainly has developed from 1970s. Its result not only contributed to the high growth in Korean ecconomy along with the well balanced development between industires, but also it played a great role for the resolution of nation's food problem. Especially maricultural production has shown its sustained annual increase of 13.8% during the last 20 years. So the portion of mariculture among total fisheries stucture was extended from 4.1% in the early 1960s to 22.4% in 1980s.Fifth, it could be safely said that such development in maricultural field is resulted from the activity of aquacultural institutes such as Fisheries Reseach '||'&'||' Development production of major kinds such as Oyster, Sea-mustard, and Laver etc. As well as in the innovation of aquaculturing method with synthetic fiber utilization. FRDA has played important role in the efficient propargation of new aquacultural technique.Sixth, as for the change in aquaculture structure and its during period between 1970s and 1980s, the private management participation shown 25% increase from household number of 45, 173 to 56, 268 in total number. And in the respect of the management scale, of their management decreased, while it showed an increase in relative large scale management, the increase over 3 employees compared with other fisheries field between '70s and 80s. This must be an major trait to be recorded, Now the data above mentioned are shown as in table 1 and 2.Table 1. The maricultural fishing ground development situation in 982.Table 2. The mariculture management as seen in the employmnet size in high seasion.Owing to the technical innovation, of the mariculture in coastal area new income of fishermen increased and it also is true that the number of fishermen participating in its industrialization increased. But the problem being from now on is the self-discharge of the destruction fishing ground considered resulted from rapid expansion in aquaculture industry and the preventive system of sentility of fishing ground. sentility of fishing ground.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2010

An enzyme-linked immnnosorbent assay (ELISA) has been performed for the detection of the prevailing toxinotypes of Clostridium perfringens obtained from conventional culturing of intestinal contents of goats which have died of suspected enterotoxaemia. The test was found effective to detect the toxins as well as types of the organism with less time and labor. The most prevailing type of C. perfringens causing enterotoxaemia in goat was C. perfringens type D (68.75%) and followed by C. perfringens type B (25%) and C (6.25%). No C. perfringens type A was detected. This study showed an intelligible picture of prevailing toxinotypes of C. perfringens in goats in Bangladesh. The use of the ELISA for the detection of clostridial types and toxins allows the differential diagnosis of C. perfringens types A, B, C and D enterotoxaemias from samples of intestinal contents and the typing of cultures of C. perfringens.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2005

다양한 기능을 보유하고있는 농업용 유용미생물을 경제적으로 대량생산하기 위하여는 동시에 다양한 미생물이 상호간에 길항관계를 갖지않고 잘자랄수있는 배지의 선택이 필수적으로 요망된다. 본실험은 질소고정균 (Rhizobium)과 인산가용화균 (Phosphobacteria)을 yeast extract mannitol변형배지를 포함한 다양한배지에서 함께 배양시 각각의 성장을 극대화할 수 있는 접종시차를 규명하고 각 조건에서 생산된 미생물의 효능유지기간을 비교하였다. 인산가용화균과 질소고정균을 동시배양시 최대 수율을 얻기위한 조건은 인산가용화균을 먼저접종한 후 48시간후에 질소고정균을 접종한 후 60시간 배양하는것이었다. 이러한 조건으로 배양하였을 때 생산된 균의 효능유지기간은 각각의 균을 단독배양한것과 비교하여 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 이러한 조건에서 생산된 미생물의 개체수는 담체에 고정시킨후에도 60일까지 변화없이 유지되었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1994

Necrotizing fascitis is a severe soft tissue infection characterized by extensive necrosis of superficial fascia, suppurative fascitis, vascular thrombosis, widespread undermining of surrounding tissues. Associated systemic problems are widespread undermining of surrounding tissues, Associated systemic problems are common, with chronic alcoholism and diabetes being most prominent. Most commonly this disease presents in the extremities, trunk, and perineum. Necrotizing fascitis of dental origing is rare and its fulminating clinical course is not well documented in the dental literature. The present report is a case of necrotizing fascitis following vital extirpation of the pulp in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. Originally throught to be caused by hemolytic streptococcus organism or stphylococcus aureus, advances in anaerobic culturing have shown it to be a synergistic bacterial infection involving aerobic and ovligate anaerobes. it is relatively rare in relatively rare in haea and neck regions. If it was not diagnosed and treated in early stages, necrotizing fascitis can be potentially fetal, with a mortality rate approaching 40%. It's treatment requires early recognition, prompt and aggressive surgical debriment and proper supportive cares, such as, antibiotic therapy, fluid resuscitation and correction of metabolic and electrolyte disorder, resolving of the underlying systemic disease. Recently, we experienced two cases of necrotizing fascitis in cervicofacial region, One patient was 60 years old male with uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus and other patient was 48 years old with steroid therapy during 30 years. Local surgical wound healing was successful but, patients were died after admission, because of lung abscess, gastrointestinal bleeding, septic shock and respiration hold.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1993년도 제12회 총회 및 학술 발표회 특별강연요지집
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• pp.4-5
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• 1993

Toxicity tests in our laboratory are conducted usually with mass-reared organisms. They are under the same environmentel conditions throughout seasons and are supplied at specific age. A total of 38 species of aquatic organisms are being reared. We have attempted to establish pruified strains or to select clones of various parthenogenic organisms. The merits or demerits of our culturing test organisms are discussed. The differences in the susceptibility among clones or strains of test organism are also discussed. For a single species test, algae, daphnia, fish are often used. However, we usually use early stages, but occasionally, adults fish are used for reproduction tests. As an another important aspect, the toxicity through food chains has been studied. In this study, we select a pair of species belonging different trophic levels. The differences between single species tests and multispecies tests will be discussed. Even a single species test intends to assess the effects of chemicals on ecosystem levels, however, this idea is not applicable to ecosystems. Single species tests with standard organisms and multispecies tests are contradictory in concept. One type of multispecles tests is indoor microcosms being composed of severel species artificially assembled, and another is composed of natural components (both indoor and outdoor). We have used three types of outdoor mesocosms using ponds and three types of artificial streams. The mesocosms is useful to not only to analyze the floral or faun61 changes but also to study the fate or behaviour of chemicals in naturd environments. Lastly, usefulness of the field observation or experiments or semi-field experiments will be discussed. This will enhance the exploitation of early warning systems utilizing indicator organisms or animal behaviour.aviour.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2005

Shigellosis is a global human health problem. Four species of Shigella i.e. S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei are able to cause the disease. These species are subdivided into serotypes on the basis of O-specific polysaccharide of the LPS. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces severe disease and may be associated with life-threatening complications. The symptoms of shigellosis include diarrhoea and/or dysentery with frequent mucoid bloody stools, abdominal cramps and tenesmus. Shigella spp. cause dysentery by invading the colonic mucosa. Shigella bacteria multiply within colonic epithelial cells, cause cell death and spread laterally to infect and kill adjacent epithelial cells, causing mucosal ulceration, inflammation and bleeding. Transmission usually occurs via contaminated food and water or through person-to-person contact. Laboratory diagnosis is made by culturing the stool samples using selective/differential agar media. Shigella spp. are highly fragile organism and considerable care must be exercised in collecting faecal specimens, transporting them to the laboratories and in using appropriate media for isolation. Antimicrobial agents are the mainstay of therapy of all cases of shigellosis. Due to the global emergence of drug resistance, the choice of antimicrobial agents for treating shigellosis is limited. Although single dose of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin has been shown to be effective, they are currently less effective against S. dysenteriae type 1 infection. Newer quinolones, cephalosporin derivatives, and azithromycin are the drug of choice. However, fluoroquinolone-resistant S. dysenteriae type 1 infection have been reported. Currently, no vaccines against Shigella infection exist. Both live and subunit parenteral vaccine candidates are under development. Because immunity to Shigella is serotype-specific, the priority is to develop vaccine against S. dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri type 2a. Shigella species are important pathogens responsible for diarrhoeal diseases and dysentery occurring all over the world. The morbidity and mortality due to shigellosis are especially high among children in developing countries. A recent review of literature (KotIoff et al.,1999) concluded that, of the estimated 165 million cases of Shigella diarrhoea that occur annually, $99\%$ occur in developing countries, and in developing countries $69\%$ of episodes occur in children under five years of age. Moreover, of the ca.1.1 million deaths attributed to Shigella infections in developing countries, $60\%$ of deaths occur in the under-five age group. Travellers from developed to developing regions and soldiers serving under field conditions are also at an increased risk to develop shigellosis.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 1963

According to the experiment on pure-isolation and the related contaminants of Chlorella, the phenomena of the ecological distributions of Chlorella in Korea have been manifested in several areas and also the aim that in going to do culture, biological and physiological study of Chlorella is carried out. Contaminants very oftenly occupied on the colony of the strains taken in order to fulfil pure-isolation of Chlorella, but in accordance with being piled up the minute research on this subject, I can obtain the desirable results as follows: 1. For the pure-isolation, the duration chose the time from May to September 1957 so that may easily isolate from contaminant water with utilizing the antibiotic substances. 2. To take long time, 36-48 hours until growth of nascent through the non-sporulated, it originates from the difference of the cultured media. In addition to the above mention, the mechanism of growth until nascent through the sporulated must not always require the ligh. However the supply of metabolic energy depend upon its nutritional conditions per phase. 3. The culture of Chlorella should be based on the lower culturing except adding especial conditions such as reagent concentration of media, artifical shake of media and other facts due to the natural conditions. And also these strains grew not only in distilled water but 2% NaCl solution without any abnormality in cell it self. I, therefore, guess it is possible to culture in sea-water under phasic environment. 4. In the experiment of ammonia detection, it is caused by the sampling surroundings to contain the minute quantity of ammonia in strain No. M 918; that is the place to be plenty of Carbohydrate on behalf of protein. 5. To compare the absorption curve of chlorophyll of higher plant with that of Chlorella, the absorption zone made mostly the Same ones each other but a little absorption grade dose not clearly appear. The colony which formed giant type grows with intensive colour and green band on surrounding of the colony and after that it was changed into all the green colour and developed up to end. 6. At first phase for a week, the development of Chlorella suspends the normal condition as in vivo but after a few days, the colour of chlorophyll gradually changed into blue-yellow which secrete the mucous substances on the agar media. The cell was flew out the contained substances itself on leaving the cell wall only, or the various micro-organism diffused on the outer-region of the cell.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 1991

진해만 서부 가조도 주변 해역의 피조개 채묘장에서 1988년 11월에 추패가 대량 탈락하여 폐사하는 현상에 대한 환경조사와 먹이생물을 조사한 해양생태학적 분석 결과 평년비 $2^{\circ}C$의 높은 고수온이였고, 총무기질소(TIN)가 11월에 $0.38{\mu}g-at/l$의 빈영양 상태이였고, N/P율도 0.98로 최소치를 보여 영양염 수준이 불안정하였다. 이때 피조개 치패의 먹이 생물인 식물성 부유생물의 군집구조의 종다양성지수(H), 균등성지수(e), 풍부성지수$(d_1)$는 최소치를 보였으나 이와는 반대로 우점도지수$({\delta}_2)$는 98.4로서 최대치를 나타냈고 이때의 우점종은 Nitzschia pungens였다. 조사기간 중의 피조개 치패의 대량폐사는 주로 장기 가뭄에 따른 고수온 및 빈영양 상태의 불안정된 생태학적 환경으로 먹이 생물의 질량 변화에 의해 치패의 대사 생리에 영향을 주어 패각의 뒤틀림등 이상개체출현과 함께 대량폐사가 유발된 것으로 판단된 다.