• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.24-35
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• 2020

This study aims to identify the relationship between termite-damaged cultural heritage sites and the 'Forest Tending Project' based on a comprehensive survey of the status of damage caused by termites and of the Forest Tending Project. It was observed that the Forest Tending Project started in 2004 as a five-year policy project covering over 59% of the nation's forests, which showed the maximum value in 2009 and then gradually decreased. Since then, increased damage to national cultural heritage sites by termites has been confirmed and counter measures have been expanded since 2012. Also, as a result of the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage surveying the status of termite damage in national cultural heritage sites over these six years, it was identified that about 98% of investigated cultural heritage sites were damaged by termites, about 78% of them were adjacent to forests, and that all 46 national cultural heritage sites which had been included in the 2008 Forest Fire Prevention Cultural Heritage Afforestation Project were damaged by termites. Therefore, it is claimed that the number of termite-damaged cultural heritage sites has increased after an extensive Forest Tending Project was applied on a national scale, and it seems that all cultural heritage areas close to forests are particularly subject to termite-damage due to the number of tree stumps and lumber byproducts which can serve as habitats for the pests.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.459-464
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• 2013

Recently, at home and abroad cultural content industry has developed as the growing importance of history. Among them, the reconstruction contents area which combined with IT technology is attracting attention. Specially, using augmented reality technology, 3D visualization researches which restore contents of architectural heritage, cultural heritage sites, and artifacts have been performed in cultural content area. The existing cultural site restore contents are mostly made based on the images taken from indoor. In this paper, efficiently visualize the restore contents in indoor, but outdoors is limited. This theses presents the cultural heritage sites 3D model visualization system using augmented reality in outdoor. Proposed system augments 3D model to cultural heritage site in outdoor by using Smart Phone.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.18
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• pp.93-114
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• 2017

This paper reviewed a total of eight sites in Vietnam inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List. The sites include the five cultural heritage sites(the Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, Citadel of the Ho Dynasty, My Son Sanctuary, Hoi An Ancient Town, and Complex of Hué Monuments), two natural heritage sites (Ha Long Bay and Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park), and one mixed heritage site (Trang An Landscape Complex). All these sites are situated in the northern and central areas of the country, and no inscribed site exists in the south. The two natural heritage sites and the Trang An Landscape Complex, a mixed heritage site, feature a typical Karst topographic landscape with limestone caves, cliffs, stalactites, and underwater rivers. The four cultural heritage sites as well as Hoa Lu of the Trang An Landscape Complex mainly consist of remains of the citadels of the capitals of ancient Vietnamese dynasties from the northern region. Due to the complex political situation in the aftermath of the long Vietnam War and the subsequent unification of the country, the Vietnamese government has been giving priority for inscription on the World Heritage List to sites with historical legitimacy in the northern region. It is hoped that the Vietnamese government will pursue more integrated cultural policies in the future that can help reduce north-south regional disparities.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.56-85
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• 2010

UNESCO World Heritage Programme was introduced following the adoption of Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972 in order to protect cultural and natural heritage with superb value for all mankind. Despite its short history of less than 40 years, it has been evaluated as one of the most successful of the cultural area projects of UNESCO with 890 world heritage registered worldwide. For systematic protection management of World Heritage, UNESCO, through systemization of registration, emphasis on the importance of preservation management plan, institutionalization of monitoring, and operation of World Heritage Fund, has utilized World Heritage Programme not just as a means of listing excellent cultural properties, but as a preservation planning tool, and accordingly, such policies have had a significant influence on the cultural heritage protection legislations of numerous nations. Korea has ratified World Heritage Convention in 1988, and with the registration of the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty in 2009, it has 9 World Heritage Sites. Twenty years have passed since Korea joined the World Heritage Programme. While World Heritage registration contributed to publicity of the uniqueness and excellence of Korean cultural properties and improvement of Korea's national culture status, it is now time to devise various legislative/systematic improvement means to reconsider the World Heritage registration strategy and establish a systematic preservation management system. While up until now, the Cultural Properties Protection Law has been amended to arrange for basic rules regarding registration and protection of World Heritage Sites, and some local governments have founded bodies exclusive for World Heritage Site management, a more fundamental and macroscopic plan for World Heritage policy improvement must be sought. Projects and programs in each area for reinforcement of World Heritage policy capacity such as: 1) Enactment of a special law for World Heritage Site preservation management; 2) enactment of ordinances for protection of World Heritage Sites per each local government; 3) reinforcement of policies and management functionality of Cultural Heritage Administration and local governments; 4) dramatic increase in the finances of World Heritage Site protection; 5) requirement to establish plan for World Heritage Site preservation protection; 6) increased support for utilization of World Heritage Sites; 7) substantiation and diversification of World Heritage registration; 8) sharing of information and experiences of World Heritage Sites management among local governments; 9) installation of World Heritage Sites integral archive; 10) revitalization of citizen cooperation and resident participation; 11) training specialized resources for World Heritage Sites protection; 12) revitalization of sustainable World Heritage Sites tourism, must be selected and promoted systematically. Regarding how World Heritage Programme should be domestically accepted and developed, the methods for systemization, scientific approach, and specialization of World Heritage policies were suggested per type. In the future, in-depth and specialized researches and studies should follow.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.68
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• pp.41-57
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to review educational value of cultural heritage sites first and then, to examine the importance of interpretation and interpretation methods and process briefly to utilize cultural heritage sites as important resources for public education and cultural tourism. The educational value of cultural heritage sites is not limited to provide visitors with various information on historical facts and events related to the cultural heritage site, but to provide the public with a new recognition of the importance of the preservation of cultural heritage sites by understanding the site well. In order to utilize the educational value of the cultural heritage site, interpretation must be emphasized as an important element of cultural heritage sites management and much attention should be given on the development and practice of interpretation programs in each cultural heritage site. In order to develop an interpretation program of the site, a specific target audience must be defined first to find most resonable scope and direction of an interpretation program and then, site specific interpretation themes (or a theme) should be developed from the interpretive topic. According to these defined elements, an interpretation program(s) is established by using various interpretation methods and techniques in order to provide visitors with useful information and knowledge on the site efficiently. Interpretation methods and techniques are various as defined by various ways and most effective methods or techniques are employed as a specific interpretation program is presented most effectively. The evaluation processes in planing stage, during developing stage, and after completion of interpretation program development are important processes to find out any problems of planed interpretation program and to revise or update the interpretation program. Conclusively, the direction of cultural heritage sites management in Korea has focused on the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage sites to preserve the original conditions of cultural heritage sites so far. This direction on current practice on cultural heritage sites management should he changed to more active utilization of the sites and interpretation of the sites is a way to accomplish the this goal.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.120-137
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• 2015

This study aims to understand the ways in which experience programmes affect visitors' attitude at cultural heritage sites. Through a literature review, this study constructed measurement scales that specifically measure experience at the cultural heritage sites. Afterwards, this study measured visitors' experience, satisfaction, and attitude at cultural heritage sites. This study found that visitors experience fun, authenticity, leaning, and a sense of escaping/togetherness through the experience programmes. Second, authenticity, fun and learning influence their satisfaction in terms of their visit, whereas a sense of escaping/togetherness does not link to their satisfaction. Third, visitors' satisfaction is the key determinant in changing their attitude. Fun is the key determinant that directly influence visitors' attitude change, whereas authenticity is the key determinant that indirectly influence visitors' attitude change.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.4-19
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• 2019

Despite continuous volatility in ideological leanings, South Korean governments, conservative or progressive, have published a series of plans for aiding the economic development of North Korea. The Moon administration's plan is the paragon of such efforts. In addition, recent detente between the North Korean regime and the US government evokes much hope in its success. There is, hidden behind the veil of hope, apprehension about the crisis of management of cultural heritage in the North Korean region. It is believed that development policies may overwhelm efforts at conservation of cultural heritage, in particular that the hurrying of development projects would provoke insufficient and inappropriate investigation of archaeological sites., If these problems arise, responsibility for their resolution would be carried by South Korean archaeologists and governmental institutes. This paper reviews what the South Korean government has suggested for North Korea's economic recovery and examines what capability the South Korean archaeology sector has for investigating North Korean cultural heritage. It then discusses the scale of investigation needed, and what should beused as precedent in planning substantial excavations when development projects are performed in the North Korean region. Constructing a digital map system for cultural heritage of North Korea is suggested as one of the most urgent tasks precedent to substantial excavations. It is of great importance because we do not currently have any substantial information about the locations and current condition of cultural heritage sites and artifacts in the North Korean region. The mapping of Bronze Age sites in North Korea, conducted as a sort of pilot test, revealed that archaeological sites are densely distributed in several regions, especially Hwanghae-do and Pyoyang Directly-Administrated City, and that there is high potential of discovering new sites.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2020

This paper proposes a mobile augmented reality mashup for cultural heritage sites such as natural monuments. Several benefits of mobile augmented reality solutions are ideal for preserving and protecting cultural heritage sites. By presenting mobile augmented reality mashup scenarios and mobile mashup framework, we introduce how user-generated multimedia contents can be added. We present two scenarios of Mashup Viewer and Mashup Maker. In Mashup Viewer mode, visitors can create new AR contents using mashup tools for memo, Twitter, images and statistical graphs. In Mashup Maker mode, other visitors also can view the user-generated multimedia AR contents using QR codes as access points. To show feasibility of our approach in mobile platforms, we compare several detection algorithms on PC and mobile platform and report on deployment of our approach in a natural monument museum. With our proposed mashup tools, visitors to the cultural heritage sites can enjoy default AR contents provided by the site administrators and also participate as active content producers and consumers.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.110-139
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• 2020

Reclamation is the act of creating new lands by constructing dikes in offshore tidal flats to utilize them for various purposes, including the establishment of farmland to secure food for an increasing population. Based on the fact that reclamation has resulted in drastic changes in the environmental, economic, social, and cultural aspects of land expansion and development, population movement, and the formation of cities since ancient times, I reviewed the value of reclamation sites and addressed the issue of how to preserve and utilize them. "Reclamation culture" refers collectively to the recognition and concept system, behavior styles, and cultural products created by changes in the environment, and the tangible, intangible, and natural heritage generated directly and indirectly by reclamation is defined as "reclamation cultural heritage". It shows that the historical background of reclamation accords with prevailing trends, and that the reclamation sites possess cultural heritage value due to their historical, academic, and scarce characteristics. Numerous reclamation cultural heritage sites at the Gwangwhal and Gyehwa dikes are on the verge of being destroyed, with their original function having ended after the construction of Saemangeum Sea Wall. I propose measures to preserve these under the principle that utilization is based on the basic premise of conservation. First of all, modern and contemporary reclamation sites must necessarily be designated and managed as registered cultural properties, local cultural heritage, future heritage, and agricultural heritage. In particular, as it has been confirmed that reclamation sites created after the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties and the 1950s have not been designated as cultural heritage sites. It is necessary to review the characteristics and values of such reclamation sites through a full survey of national reclamation data. Effective and sustainable utilization of reclamation cultural heritage, which has not been acknowledged in the past due to its close relationship with our lives, is necessary to search for hidden stories found within that heritage, to organize governance for the efficient use of reclamation resources, and to build a museum to collect and display the history and culture of the reclaimed areas. Finally, through links with countries with experience in reclamation, we will be able to cope jointly with international issues such as those pertaining to society, culture, and environment, and would be able to implement various projects to further the advancement of human beings.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.58-77
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• 2017

This study applied the index called Visual Perception Intensity (VPI) which quantitatively deals with landscape values and viewpoints to designate the cultural heritage areas in the Scenic Sites. The results of the study are as follows. First, a VPI selection index was presented for designating the cultural heritage areas in the Scenic Sites. The index was applied in consideration of the distance from the viewing point to the object and its incident angle. In addition, the process of the VPI analysis was implemented with GIS and the analysis algorithm was constructed. Second, the possibility of VPI was examined by comparing the simple frequency of the cumulative visibility with the results of the VPI. The VPI was analyzed to be more influenced by the incidence angle than the distance between the viewpoint and the object within a 4.74 km area. Third, a field survey was performed to investigate the effectiveness of the VPI classification. The survey was implemented based on the results of the investigation into the VPI to examine whether human visual perception was fully reflected. It was confirmed through the field survey that an area with high VPI was also an important area. Fourth, a plan for the cultural heritage area adjustment was constructed by applying the VPI to the areas already designated as Scenic Sites. As a result of classifying the VPI into three classes, it was found that the areas with the second class or higher were needed to be designated as cultural heritage areas and the areas with the third class as the Historical and Cultural Environments Preservation Area.