• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.549-556
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• 2018

In November 2011, various artifacts were excavated from the No. 8 stone-lined tomb in Suchon-ri, Gongju by the Chungnam Institute of History and Culture. These included artifacts with lacquered mainframe and silvery metal ornament. These were recovered together with soil and underwent conservation treatment. In this paper, we discuss the scientific analysis and conservation treatment of the lacquered artifacts excavated from the Suchon-ri site. Among our findings is that the artifacts have three layers of lacquer coating and the metal parts are primarily composed of Ag. As the artifacts were recovered with soil from the site, the soil was removed from underneath and inside the artifacts. The inside of the lacquerware was reinforced with rayon paper using 3% funori, and the metal was treated with acrylic resin after removing the acrylic resin previously used to recover the artifact, followed by cleaning. The metal was also internally reinforced with gauze. Finally, the interior reinforcement was made using PVA and resin in pulp and attached with funori to preserve the shape of the lacquerware, and the exposed rayon was finished with acrylic paint. The main advantages of this study are its review of conservation treatment strategies for lacquer artifacts whose numbers have recently increased, and the application of new conservation treatment methods.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.229-245
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• 2010

The pupose of this study was to identify the material characteristics, firing environments and making techniques for the jar coffins from the Oryangdong kiln site and the Ungokdong tomb site in Naju. All jar coffins had very similar physical, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, although it was excavated from the different sites. The wall thickness of the jar coffins was about 2.3 to 5.3 cm. Under the microscopy, the jar coffins include a large quantity of various quartz with some microcrystalline and showed partly orthoclase and biotite. It is presumed that the mineral sherds added to maintain the thick wall and to control the percentage of contraction during drying and firing of jar coffins and it has contained about 11.4 to 19.8 %. Firing temperature of the jar coffins is estimated as 1,000 to $1,150^{\circ}C$. Also, all jar coffins and soils show similar geochemical behavior of elements and clay-mineralization degree within the site. This indicates making that the soil is probable to be a raw material of the jar coffins. But it shows different characteristics in major elements of soils which is collected at the kiln floor and the trench region of the Oryangdong kiln site because of the lack of quartz and feldspar in the soils. Therefore, it can use of the jar coffins making clay, if it goes through a simple special process such as mixing temper.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.114-135
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• 2013

Among the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the proportion of natural heritage to cultural heritage is relatively small. In 2007, the "Jeju Volcanic Island and Larva Tubes" was the first one that was designated as an UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site in Korea. The growing Korean geological heritage condition and conservation case studies on management of the geological heritage were examined in this study. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to show future driving strategy for conservation and improvement plan on our geological heritage. Natural Monuments as a state-designated natural property and Geoparks as a new application system for geological heritage are important to conserve our geological heritage. Public engagement through establishment of visitor centers is definitely needed to improve education and promotion. The study includes field investigation for the "Wadden Sea", an World Natural Heritage Site for a mud flat, interviews with staffs and experts who are responsible for investigating and managing the site. Three factors can likely be attributed to its successful management and conservation policy for the "Wadden Sea". First of all, there is an operation for integrated management system and joint secretariat for research and monitoring. Next, researchers invigorate the visitor centers for promotion and education on geological heritage. Finally, experts and staffs implement various research topics and projects based on a long-range plan. The study was carried out to evaluate the present condition of our geological heritage and to make a proposal as a policy to improve value and conserve them. In conclusion, this study provided future discussion that may help researchers to make a decision on long-term policies for the geological subject of Korean natural heritage.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.106-121
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• 2011

The number of World Natural Heritage Sites is smaller than that of World Cultural Heritage Sites. As of 2010, the total number of natural sites was 180, which is less than 1/3 of all cultural sites. The reason why the number of natural sites is smaller can be attributed to the evaluating criteria of OUV(outstanding universal value). Only 9 fossil related sites were designated as World Heritage Sites among 180 Natural Sites. This study compares their OUVs including the academic value and characteristics of the 9 World Heritage Sites to provide data and reference for KCDC(Korean Cretaceous Dinosaur Coast) to apply as a World Natural Heritage Site. This study was carried out to obtain information and data on the Wadi Al-Hitan of Egypt which was designated as a World Natural Heritage Site. The study includes field investigation for whale fossils, interviews of site paleontologists and staff, and inspections of facilities. Three factors can likely be attributed to its successful management and operating system. First, there is a system for comprehensive research and a monitoring plan. Secondly, experts have been recruited and hired and professional training for staff members has been done properly. Finally, the Wadi Al-Hitan has developed local resources with specialized techniques for conservation and construction design, which matched well with whale fossils and the environment at the site. The Wadi Al-Hitan put a master plan into practice and achieved goals for action plans. To designate a future World Natural Heritage Site in Korea, it is important to be recognized by international experts including IUCN specialists as the best in one's field with OUV. Full-time regular-status employees for a research position are necessary from the preparation stage for the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Local government and related organizations must do their best to control monitoring plans and to improve academic value after the UNESCO World Heritage Site designation. As we experienced during the designation process of Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes as the first Korean World Natural Heritage Site, participation by various scholars and specialists need to be in harmony with active endeavors from local governments and NGOs.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.27-27
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• 2003

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2019

Bronzes excavated from a Gulsansa temple site in Gangneung were investigated in order to study the production of technology and provenance in this area. The bronze artifacts were discovered to consist of copper-tin or copper-tin-lead alloys using chemical analysis(EDS and EPMA). The excavated bronzes were manufactured using a casting or hammering process, and a bronze belt was gilded with gold foil. The provenance of 25 bronzes was studied using lead isotope analysis(TIMS and LA-MC-ICPMS). The results reveal the use of raw materials found near the excavated site. The object of this study was to investigate the manufacturing techniques and provenance in Gangneung without the need for a lot of data. Our results will contribute to the study of Gulsansa and bronze artifacts in Goryo(12-13th century).

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.32-47
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• 2013

The concepts of authenticity and integrity are very important standards to be satisfied in the conservation and utilization of Scenic Site (名勝), literally meaning the places of scenic beauty, as a public heritage. These concepts, which are frequently used in the conservation and utilization of the World Heritage inscribed by UNESCO, can be applied to all kinds of heritages. Recently, it has been widely recognized that the concepts of authenticity and integrity are not separable but interconnected. Accordingly, the maintenance of authenticity in Scenic Site should include not only the physical preservation but also the succession of historical tradition of enjoyment. The integrity in Scenic Site refers to the physical and social conditions under which authenticity can be satisfactorily protected. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the traditional ways of enjoying historical and cultural Scenic Site with emphasis on the Yeongnam Region and make a critical examination of cultural property protection areas that have been designated. Then, this study aims to find the ways to utilize Scenic Site to secure the standards of authenticity and integrity. As a result it was discovered that cultural property protection areas are not designated well enough to satisfy the standards of authenticity and integrity. Considering the fact that cultural property protection areas are the minimal institutional systems to maintain the original value of Scenic Site, it is necessary to pay more careful attention to the ways of securing the authenticity and integrity in Scenic Site.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.481-488
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• 2020

In recent years, realistic contents technology such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality has been spreading in travel and tourism industries, and hence there have been various smart tourism AR, VR contents developed. In the past, people mainly used books and Internet for travel, but the use of VR, AR and MR technologies will be used more for consumption of cultural leisure contents in the future. This study describes the Mixed Reality based Baekje Neungsa Cultural Heritage On-Site Guide System to accelerate smart tourism. In this study, the immersive mixed reality HMD was used to provide visitors with more intuitive and effective information about the historical, cultural and architectural values of Baekje Neungsa through virtual experiences. The cultural heritage on-site guide system module supports various Meta Data services and can be easily used for mixed reality content development by designating Meta Data scripts. This research can make contributions to the development of mixed reality based smart tourism contents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 광한루원 일대의 지적자료 분석을 통해 각 권역별 변화과정을 지리적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구결과, 기존 광한루 권역을 제외한 공간은 1930년대 이후 춘향각의 조성, 상업지구의 대규모 화재, 행정구역의 변경, 광한루원 확장 정비사업 등의 요인에 의한 지목의 변경, 지적의 합필 등을 통해 영역이 확장되는 양상을 보이고 있으며, 오늘날의 광한루원 영역을 규정하게 되었다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.264-274
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• 2020

The Choijin Lama Temple is a representative example of 19th- to 20th-century architecture. The temple has been damaged by various development pressures and the effect of a harsh continental climate. This study digitalized the entire temple site using three-dimensional scanning to establish the basic data of conservational management and monitoring for spatial changes. A terrestrial laser scanning model of the temple was completed, which showed low registering error vectors (3.73 mm average) and dense point distances. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry was also applied to verify its applicability to the spatial and environmental monitoring of the temple. The results showed that the overall point density of the UAV photogrammetry model is similar within a 10 mm resolution. The relatively low RMSE of UAV photogrammetry from the ground to the uppermost roof indicates the high applicability of integrating it with the terrestrial laser scanning model. The digital documentation of the Choijin Lama Temple is expected to have a great ripple effect on the documentation, conservation, and utilization of Mongolian cultural heritage sites.