• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.4 s.51
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

This study investigates and analyzes Catholic cultural traits in Gaudi's architectural designs on the assumption that the cultural identity of Spain has been built heavily on Catholic cultural tradition. Through examining thoroughly six residential buildings Gaudi designed, Catholic cultural traits were found in their interior ornaments, space formation, and expression of form. This study shows, first, that by making good use of interior ornaments, Gaudi sought to Catholic cultural uniformity among buildings that have different cultural characteristics. Second, with regard to space formation, he tended to build a chapel or an oratory inside structures which encouraged residents to worship in their home. Also, as for expression of form, his designs, expressing Catholic cultural features in various ways, succeeded to form visual uniformity among buildings and structures with a variety of styles. Lastly, by using properly Catholic cultural elements explained above and making those traits easily recognized even from a long distance, his architectural works represent very well the importance of Catholic culture as a foundation of Spain culture.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.151-171
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• 2010

Multi-culturalization in our society may be the cause of many problems, but if appropriately dealt with, diversity brought on by multi-culturalization could resolve chronic abuses in education and create a new culture, thereby contributing greatly to national development. The purpose of this study was to examine the current research on multi-cultural education and to provide a normative orientation to multi-cultural education. The literature research was conducted between March 2008 and September 2009. The followings are the findings of this study. First, the results reveal that the appropriate target of a multi-cultural society should not be assimilation, but rather, multi-culturalism. Multi-culturalism has greater adaptability, and the key lies in its respect for human rights, its strengthening of multi-cultural capacity, and its consideration for the minority by moving toward corporate multi-culturalism that aims for equality in results. Second, the first form of multi-cultural education emphasizes neutrality and argues that it is the best way to respect different cultures. This form of multi-cultural education emphasizes neutrality toward "sameness." In this context, sameness means equality of the rights of human beings. The other form of multi-cultural education emphasizes diversity and argues that it is the best way to respect different cultures. It focuses on the recognition of particularity. But it reveals its shortcomings when it excludes interaction not only between an individual and the culture, but also between the insider and outsider of the culture and its social institutions. Thus, multi-cultural education for mutual understanding is suggested. Third, it has been found that pure homogeneous nationalism must be destroyed, but nationalism needs to transform itself rather than be abolished in a globalized and multi-cultural society. Moreover, on behalf of pursuing open nationalism, the self-transformation of nationalism is advisable, in order to for it to overcome its antagonistic and exclusive nature.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2021

In this study, a scientific analysis of the gold leaf layers and internal structure of the Clay Seated Vairocana Buddha Triad in Seonunsa Temple, Gochang (Treasure No. 1752) was conducted. The surface of the Buddha statues is a gold foil, and the gold leaf layer consists of four layers. The gold leaf layer first composed on the molding clay was produced in the order of lacquer-fabrics-lacquer-gold foil. Subsequently, it was confirmed that the work was performed three times in the same way. The composition of the Buddha statues was divided into the head, body or upper body, lower body, and pedestal. The body was made in a cylindrical form by connecting vertically oriented wooden materials, and the head and lower body were also connected to the body in an empty form. Thus, the head, body, and lower body are grafted structures that are connected to a single Bokjang-gong. It was confirmed that the Clay Seated Vairocana Buddha Triad in Seonunsa Temple was made using wood materials for the basic form, after which the detailed form was created with molding clay, and the surface was finished with a process of layering gold foil and substances presumed to be lacquer.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 2024

Infographics are influential and valuable communication tools for providing information, and can be used for promoting cultural learning resources and cultural tourism destinations. Therefore, this article presents values of using infographics for promoting Patum's culture and tourism in Phrao District, Chiang Mai, Thailand as cultural learning resources and tourist attractions. Employing a research and development approach, this study utilized three distinct instruments: (1) an interview form engaging 40 locals to uncover insights on promoting Patum village, (2) an assessment form evaluated by three arts and design experts, and (3) questionnaires distributed to 92 participants to gauge perceptions and satisfaction. The findings showcased the high quality and appropriateness of the eight infographics. Audiences derived six key values, including acquiring knowledge, fostering the promotion of Patum's culture, festivals, religions and beliefs, deriving aesthetic enjoyment, encouraging cultural tourism, contributing to the education sector, and enhancing comprehension of Patum's history. Participants expressed high satisfaction ($\bar{x}$=4.46) with the infographic use. The developed infographics are usable and valuable information to help audiences recognize Patum cultural learning resources and tourist destinations. They might be further tailored to the recognition of Patum village in the near future, affecting the area's development by increasing local people's incomes through cultural learning resources and tourism activities.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

Stone cultural heritage will either be damaged by composite damage or will lose its original historical authenticity starting with the moment it is created. Various artificial interventions to restore them to their original state have been described, centering on the conservation treatment case of the Stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang from the Wonju Beopcheonsa Temple Site. Restoration of the Jigwang stone pagoda was carried out after securing all scientific and technological means for the research and protection of the cultural heritage in question. Since its restoration was promoted to retain its aesthetic and historical value and was based on a careful understanding of the original materials and prototypes, extensive restoration was sought, which contributed to the restoration of the original form, resulting in both preservation and authenticity.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2004

The dress culture of Korea and Turkey should be necessary to study in view of a similar culture of Korea and Turkey due to similarity of oriental culture. Thus, as two nation's dress is investigated, cultural characteristics and dress form of two nations are analyzed with cultural background in detail. Also, comprehension is determinated for the dress color and texture as well as dress culture. In this paper, It is investigated theoretically for the function, type, and class of dress. Also, The form of Korean Po are compared to background of Turkish dress and Sulltans' dress form. To unify a cultural propagation and dress form, technical, inductive contents analytical method as well as literature review are used in positivism. Subject is limited to the Korean Po and Sultans' dress of Turkey. As a results, as the nation's dress reflect to culture and society of the nation, Korean dress have some similarity and differences comparing Turkish dress as followings. In dress form of two nation, rectangular Gil's shape was very similar. Mu's shape was similar too. However, Sultans' dress had outside shape of caftan type and Po had full or partial wrinkles by transforming Mu. Also, Sultans' dress did not have Sup. Korean Po have side slits or back side slits and Jun-Sam but Sultans' dress had only some side slits.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.53-74
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• 2019

In this paper, a theoretical measurement model for comparing cultural power of nations as a form of national power is built and applied to the G20 nations. The measurement model is drawn from the literature of the state theories regarding culture, theories of epistemology, and debates about the sources of national power. Taking the multiple indicator approach, indicators reflecting diverse aspects of cultural power are developed are developed. Examined with empirical data, this model is proved as appropriate as a tool for measuring and comparing the cultural power of nations. Diverse aspects of the cultural power of the G20 nations are ranked and interesting points regarding the state and potential of Korean culture and her cultural governance in these respects are elaborated. The overall ranking of the cultural power of Korea is found as the $11^{th}$ while the U.S., U.K. and France respectively as the $1^{st}$, the $2^{nd}$, and the $3^{rd}$. The U.S. is ranked as the 1st in all three aspects of the cultural power of nation: cultural attractiveness, efforts to enhance the national cultural power, and cultural base of a nation. Korea is ranked as $14^{th}$, $11^{th}$, and $6^{th}$ respectively in these three respects of the national cultural power. Based upon typological analysis of the cultural power of Korea, it is found that Korea belongs to Type III. Trying to move eventually toward Type I state via Type II is suggested as a strategy movement for future cultural governance by Korean government and people to enhance her national cultural power.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.795-806
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• 2021

This study analyzes and assesses the effect of good governance consisting of accountability, transparency, and participation on the financial performance of Pare-Pare City local government moderated by the basic values of Siri culture in the form of Lempu (honesty), Amaccangeng (intelligence), and Awaraningeng (courage). The population of this research is 200 local government employees (respondents). The results of data analysis showed that accountability and participation variables had no significant effect on the financial performance of the Pare-Pare City local government. However, the transparency variable has an influence on local government financial performance. It is hoped that all these 3 variables (accountability, transparency, and participation) will have a significant effect on local government financial performance. To achieve this, it is necessary to apply cultural values that exist in society so that cultural values can provide greater guidance in the management of regional finances. The results provide a better understanding of the importance of Siri's cultural value in the implementation of public services to the community. With Siri's cultural values in the form of Lempu, Amaccangeng, and Awaraningeng embedded in their behavior, government employees can improve performance and avoid deviant behavior or corruption. The novelty of this research is a form of analysis by using local cultural values (the basic values of Siri culture) as the moderating variable.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.3 no.1 s.5
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• pp.1-17
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• 2003

Though science and technology can understood as a part of cultural system, the relationship of science/technology with culture is often viewed as contradictory or mutually exclusive by many scholars. Therefore, in the first section of the present paper, the nature of science and technology as a cultural form is examined. Here, science is viewed as a form of symbolic culture, while technology is regarded as a form of instrumental culture. In the second section, the contradictory relationship and/or tensions between science-technological system (instrumental culture) and cultural system (symbolic culture) within a society is discussed. In the final section of this paper, 'science culture' is conceptualized as a dynamic social process in which contradictory science sub-cultures of political system(state), economic system(cooperations), civil society (including academic community of scientists and other social organizations and movements), and cultural system are supposed to be coordinated. In conclusion, establishment of 'humanized science culture' and 'democratic science-culture movement' is proposed as an alternative way of resolving contradictory relationship between cultural system and science-technological system in the modern world.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2018

The forms of stone cultural properties vary depending on the purpose of construction. In general, pagodas and statues of the Buddha (including the Maebul) are representative of stone cultural properties and demonstrate important aspects of cultural history and scientific technology. The purpose for which cultural properties were constructed may influence construction technologies, so we must carefully think about and clearly understand the purpose of construction, namely the cultural and/or philosophical history, when conducting conservation treatments now. This may be examined through the relationship between "why?" and "how?": Why did the builders construct these stone cultural properties, and how did they use such technologies? We may be deeply impressed by the form and delicacy of the sculpture, which is the "how" aspect of the technologies, but we must also understand the effect of the "why." namely the soul and/or spirit of those who created the properties. The form of stone cultural properties may be influenced by (1) the political-social sphere, (2) religion, or (3) the cultural history of the period, which have changed over time. It is important that this is the view taken in current conservation treatment.