• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2006

1) Lee-Su village is located in a riverside of an upper Tu-men river. Since an upper stream of Tu-men river is narrow and easy to pilot a boat, early in the past, it facilitated the form of the village near to the North Korean. 2) The form of the village is parabolic from the founding period. That is, increasing the number of houses in the time of the Cultural Revilution Campaign, and the Japanese colony, the village has transformed into the bigger size about 72 families from the small town. After the cultural revolution, due to private asset allowed in accordance with the Chinese Reform and Open Policy, the number of families in the town and the population have been decreased. As a result, 28 families live in the village currently. 3) The town which was well-ordered in the Japanese colonial period has been changed to a very disordered and agricultural town, owing to the decrease of the families A road system has been also ruined naturally in accordance with the decline of the number of the families.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

In a different way of satellite image or aerial photo, the image acquired by terrestrial photogrammetry has to go through complicated management according to the desired precision and analysis range. In this study, digital surface model and ortho image for cultural asset, terrestrial structures, were made by reflectorless total station in order to increase the application of single photo, and that was analyzed and compared with the method using stereo image. Single photo is expected to be utilized as the measuring method for drawing cultural assets or examining the stability of slope in which high precision doesn't need by performing the various geometric and visual analysis using ortho image made by excluding the difficulties of acquisition and plotting of stereo image.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present policy implications by analyzing the residential environment in North Korea under the Kim Jong-un regime. Research design, data, and methodology: Residential environment analysis was reviewed by dividing it into physical, socio-cultural, economic, environmental, and policy aspects. Results: Pyongyang are considerably superior due to it being the residence of the country's leadership and middle class. Secondly, there is a concerning problem with the provision of substandard housing. Construction materials are in short supply, and unreasonable timelines often lead to uninhabitable houses, signaling a need for assistance in housing construction. Thirdly, there is a severe lack of essential residential infrastructure, such as reliable electricity and clean water supply, which significantly impacts the quality of life. Lastly, due to the country's economic hardships, basic housing rights are not guaranteed, leading to deplorable living conditions for many North Koreans. The report suggests that these issues should be addressed through international aid to guarantee the basic human rights of North Koreans. Conclusions: In North Korea, the poor living environment deteriorates the health and quality of life of citizens and adversely affects social and economic development. Therefore, international support and cooperation to improve the living environment of North Koreans is important.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.125-127
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 목조 문화재의 변위 현상 중 하나인 크랙 현상을 감지할 수 있는 EfficientNet 기반 모델을 제안한다. 우선 사전 학습된 EfficientNet모델을 통해 학습 이미지로부터 심층 특징을 추출하고 크랙이 존재하는지 아닌지에 대해 분류하기 위한 완전 연결 신경망을 학습한다. 그런 다음 새로운 목조 문화재 이미지가 들어왔을 때 학습한 모델을 통해서 크랙이 존재하는지에 대해 최종적으로 판별하게 된다. 데이터 셋으로는 충주시 근처의 문화재에 방문해서 수집한 목조 이미지를 가지고 정상 및 비정상으로 구분한 데이터 셋을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 EfficientNet을 사용한 딥 러닝 기반 모델이 다른 사전 학습된 합성 곱 신경망 모델보다 더 좋은 성능을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 우리가 제안한 방법이 목재 문화재에서의 크랙 검출에 있어서 적합함을 보여준다.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 2014

Asia-Pacific Confucian Capitalism is comparable to Atlantic Protestant Capitalism in terms of economic success, as most economies influenced by Confucian culture in East Asia and Southeast Asia are economically well-off in the past 50 years, save for Vietnam. This paper seeks to determine whether Vietnam can follow the path of development of the other Confucian economies, especially in the context of globalization and upcoming regional integration. In the paper, I will use an analytic framework derived from Weber and Huntington to examine the cultural dimension of Vietnam's economic development. In the domestic field, I argue that the core values of Confucianism continue to contribute to the development in Vietnam in many ways; yet one critical element needs to be tapped: the political culture of strong leadership and efficient bureaucracy. Confucian values for development may be compromised by pushing for democratization too early in Vietnam. On a positive note, Confucianism for Vietnam is instrumental in its regional integration into Southeast Asia since it is integrative rather than exclusive. Vietnam's cultural similarity with China may however lead to too much passive learning and conflicts. In conclusion, Confucianism is a valuable asset for Vietnam's economic development, but challenges have to be addressed in order for Vietnam to become the next tiger.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 2015

Cultural assets restoration is being considered highly as a practical way to extend the lifespan of damaged cultural assets and re-highlight their value. However, restoration process has been mostly dependent on the manual work involving the experience and skill of a person performing restoration, thereby requiring much time and effort. In recent, it became possible to apply a method allowing restoration to be performed more accurately and easily according to the material characteristics and shape of cultural assets. Namely, it is to use a method of printing out the 3D shape data computed in computer as real object by using 3D printer for the restoration that has been performed manually. The missing part of a cultural asset is computed into computer data first and is printed out by using 3D printer to undergo a simple shaping process. The result of 3D printer application showed that repetitive output and shape and figure revision of digital data were possible, and it was possible to improve the degree of completedness of restoration through test output using various types of restoration materials using various materials. For the purpose of verifying the possibility of applying 3D printer to restore missing part of earthenware, two pieces of modern reproductions, namely, the Seven Treasure Incense Burner and Earthenware with Wagon Wheel Decoration, were artificially damaged. The restoration result showed that compared to manual work, it showed better effectiveness in curtailing work time and reproducing accurate shape. On the other hand, secondary manual work was slightly needed for detailed binding and to vividly express surface texture.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.35
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• pp.73-86
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• 2014

The Seosanmaaesamjonbulsang (national treasure 84) is carved has a quite developed tectonic line in a precipitous wall of stratified rock to the vertical and horizontal directions. The main buddha and the left part of it have got the biological weathering and the efflorescence has been detected on the shoulder part of the right buddha. It has been caused by the raindrops from upper rock after the dismantling of the protection shelter in 2007. Two proper measures have been taken in order to reduce the weathering and protect it from some damages. The one is removing the contaminant by dry/wet cleaning not to get any damage on the rock. The other is the isolation by the construction of a new waterway used L-30 on the upper part of the rock not to contaminate the surface of Rock-carved triad buddha with the raindrops from upper rock. Moreover, the sunlight for buddha has been increased and good ventilation has been made by cutting down the trees around the Rock-carved triad buddha.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.427-445
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• 2010

In our knowledge-based society, a corporation's main growth engine consists of its unique core competences and how these are organized rather than materialized competitive advantage. Intangible factors such as creative organizational culture, learning capability, brands, marketing ability and technology are notable examples of such core competencies. To ensure constant development of a corporation, it is important to understand the environment in which these factors operate. Drawing on literature research, this paper looks at organizational culture and change, and employees' attitudes and resistance factors to such change. To strengthen the explanation of this study the Korea Asset Management Corporation was used as a case study. From the point of view of information science, knowledge has been viewed as that which is found in books and databases. Such "knowledge" is storable, passive and unchangeable. However, more recently it is seen by many researchers that this approach is limited in that it ignores the knowledge that "sits" in human "bodyminds" and organizations. Such knowledge forms the backbone of organizational culture and should be considered in any meaningful study of information.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

This study is designed to optimize the method of using SE-101 for strengthening the durability and the stabilization of moving historical site. The permeability and the shear strength of The epoxy SE-101 with low viscosity were measured on different particle sizes and moisture content of soil. Like it can be expected from the data of viscosity, as the soil particle size was increased, the permeability was also increased, while the shear strength was decreased. And especially, it is noted that the deviation of permeability can be more extreme according to the different hardening speed of macromolecule and mineral additives. As the rate of moisture content in soil sample is increased, the deviation between permeability and shear strength is also increased. Even though among the same soil sample, some parts of it can be weaker than others, which cause the breakages of epoxy products. Thus, it is necessary that the soil should be dried over 50% of permeation depth of SE-101 before use.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.595-626
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to estimate technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and environmental efficiency by income level of Korean farms, and analyze the factors to decide three efficiencies. Depending on the non-parametric methods, we estimate technical using inputs and outputs of total farms without assuming of goods or behavior of optimization. The average technical efficiency of total firms under constant return to scale and strong disposability is 0.437. The technical inefficiency was caused by 47.7% in pure technical inefficiency, 11.3% in scale failure, and 3.2% in environmental inefficiency. The number of firms under increasing return to scale occupied almost 70% and 27% of total firms respectively. Higher are income class, middle debt & long debt per asset, and N effluents per cultural land, higher technical efficiency. The increases of BOD discharges per cultural land and machines per cultural land deteriorate environmental efficiency.