• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.228-237
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• 2013

Paper relics are affected by a number of complex physical, chemical, biological and artificial damaging factors due to the vulnerability of organic materials. Wet cleaning is a conservation treatment method for removing pollutants from paper artefacts. This study was carried out in order to analyse the effect of wet cleaning on Hanji (Traditional Korean paper made from mulberry trees) which is the main material used in Korean paper relics (historical paper documents). For this study, the color change and folding endurance of artificially degraded paper was analysed before and after immersion wet cleaning. The result showed that washing each twice in 30 minutes is the most appropriate method for obtaining cleaning efficiency and material stability.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.583-594
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• 2006

Relics are life traces of ancestors, and they are good data for giving an idea about space locations of that period. This study classifies relics according to their type, and for each classified group metrical analysis is carried out using GIS and triangle diagram. The criteria used for analysis of relics' locations are elevation, road accessibility and water accessibility. The analysis results show that every relic has its own distribution characteristics according to the time and the type. This means high possibility of approaching a geographical focus on relics distribution and location. While historical period was taking over prehistorical, relics locations moved from the points of great usage water supply possibility to the points of great traffic accessibility. Also, relics of the ruling class for each time period generally have good locations.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.3
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• pp.21-27
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• 2001

In National Central Museum, we recently preserved paper cultural assets, such as ancient maps, books and antique documents etc, to prepare "A Dynamic World of External Relations in Goryeo & Joseon Dynasty". The paper cultural assets generally react sensitively to their environments; temperature, humidity, light and physical force acting. Biological damages, which are caused by microbe, contraction, swelling and damage from insects occurred. Wrinkles on relics, which are made my physical force, stains on relics which are due to moisture, weakening of adhesive strength and damages from insects were found during the recent preservation handling. Therefore we are trying to find out any damage, which could be occurred in paper cultural assets and introduce brief emergency operation to prevent the damages and develop the preservation handling.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.25
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• pp.5-29
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• 2004

This research carried out ancient technique and composition of the relics recovered from the octagonal nine-storied pagoda of Woljeongsa temple using the scientific methods and obtained the following results. Firstly, The silver sarira inner case is consists of Ag, its materials comes out near 98wt%and comparing with the relics of Hwangnamdaechong, the contents of Ag and Ni are almost same with it. Secondly, The bronze sarira outer case, its contents of Cu is almost same with pure copper of which average is 99.7wt%. So, it should be named the copper sarira outer caserather than the bronze sarira outer case that has been called. Thirdly, The bronze mirror, though the contents of tin and lead are less than other contents which have been studied, they tend to have white color so they need to be made a close study. Especially, Because cultural property of nondestructive surface analytic method is not analyzed by the analysis of cross section and the moisten analysis, it may be occurred analytical errors by other factors.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.27-38
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• 2017

The main objective of this study is to analyze the preservation and management for the city wall ruins of China, and to find out the implications. Firstly, Chinese walls have experienced a process from demolition to protection. The walls of the historical value of the site are gradually being certified, and many walls ruins were designated as a conservation unit. Secondly, China's institutional system is based on the central government issued Cultural Relics P rotection Law and combined with the actual situation of local governments to establish a special law. Management System is Cultural Relics Bureau, the planning department, the garden department and the tourism sector joint implementation. Thirdly, through the study of Nanjing, Xian, Pingyao, Suzhou city wall ruins finding that perfect legislation and unified management system to help protect city wall ruins.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1690-1695
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• 2008

The 3D virtual reality digital recovery technique is a new type in protecting and displaying remains and cultural relics through which the information of cultural relics can easily be known anytime and any where. The dissertation focuses on the study of the contradiction between quality and loading speed.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.304-312
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• 2022

Digital images of cultural relics captured using line scan cameras present limitations due to uneven intensity and low contrast. To address this issue, this report proposes a colour linear array image enhancement method that can maintain a constant colour. First, the colour linear array image is converted from the red-green-blue (RGB) colour space into the hue-saturation-intensity colour space, and the three components of hue, saturation, and intensity are separated. Subsequently, the hue and saturation components are held constant while the intensity component is processed using the established intensity compensation model to eliminate the uneven intensity of the image. On this basis, the contrast of the intensity component is enhanced using an improved local contrast enhancement method. Finally, the processed image is converted into the RGB colour space. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can significantly improve the visual effect of colour linear array images. Moreover, the objective quality evaluation parameters are improved compared to those determined using existing methods.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2021

Gwanghwadang-Wonsam was designated as National Folklore Cultural Heritage No. 52 in 1979, it is in good condition. However, a problem is the attached a phoenix insignia badge that did not exist when it was designated recently. As it became known as the only purple Wonsam artifact with "phoenix insignia", raising the need for its conservation. In this regard, scientific analysis was required to correct misinformation about designated cultural assets and restore the original designated state by analyzing the history of the Gwanghwadang-Wonsam, other relics of the phoenix insignia and its making design patterns. An X-ray fluorescence analysis was used to confirm that the Phoenix insignia's metal threads were titanium-plated silver. Phoenix insignia using titanium-plated gold thread was not identified in Gwanghwadang-Wonsam photographs in 1986, and the TiN-type membrane plating method was used in various industries in the 1990s, which can be estimated to be attached in the early and mid-1990s. Especially, the scientific analysis results from the X-ray fluorescence analysis in this study provide key evidence for conservation processing. This study demonstrates the importance of investigating relics and similar artifacts in the conservation process of inherited relics and as a precedent for restoration that corrects misinformation about designated cultural properties.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2011

Urethane coating agent was made up in order to prevent corrosion on metal relics. This urethane coating agent was designed to solve problems linked to gloss and discoloration caused by existing acrylic coating agent which is mainly applied to metal relics. For the purpose, the urethane coating agent was made up which has lower gloss and slight color change. This coating agent formed thinner coating layer with excellent adhesion compared to the existing agent and has outstanding resistance to the surface oxidization of metal relics and water repellent on the surface. In addition, the agent is considered a stable coating agent replacing current acrylic coating agent with showing easy dissolution in organic solvents such as acetone, toluene and xylene with excellent result in reversible reaction.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.120-134
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• 2021

A Woolen carpet from the late Joseon Dynasty was unearthed in the process of repairing Seongjeonggak in Changdeokgung. Since relics are rarer than documentary records, the woolen carpet is highly valued as a relics. It is presumed to have been woven in the late 19th or early 20th century because there is a record of repairing Seongjeonggak in 1907. In the carpet, a pattern is made by inserting colored yarn dyed yellow and red onto a reddish-purple ground weave. The selvage of the woolen carpet used cotton thread, and jute is used for the warp and weft of the ground weave. The colored patterns is made of wool in the form of loop pile. Cut piles may appear occasionally when the colored yarn changes, but are almost invisible from the surface because they are pressed tightly with a shuttered weft. Making carpets with jute and wool is thought to be influenced by the Brussels carpets of the mid-18th century. Furthermore, the woolen carpet is torn and the pattern is completely unclear; however, it is understandable that the pattern is partially repeated. Microscopic and Fourier transform-Infrared spectrometer(FT-IR) analyses were performed for the above investigation. To identify the dyes used in relics, we compared them with natural dyed fabric samples based on chromaticity measurements and Ultraviolet/Visible spectrophotometer(UV-Vis) analysis. These analyses revealed that the woolen carpet's dyed green yarn did not use indigo, and reddish-purple ground weave is estimated to have used Caesalpinia sappan.