• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.396-403
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate water quality for irrigation water used in Napa cabbage cultivation. The water samples were analyzed for physiochemical and microbiological quality for a total of 111 samples including surface water (n = 75) and groundwater (n = 36) collected from five different regions where Napa cabbage is massively grown. As a conclusion, the levels of fecal indicators for surface water were higher than those for groundwater. The numbers of coliform from surface water and groundwater were 1.96-4.96 and 0-3.98 log MPN/100 mL, respectively. Enterococci were detected in 95% (72/75) of surface water samples and 22% (8/36) of groundwater samples. Besides, 97% (73/75) of surface water samples were observed being contaminated with Escherichia coli, and 22% (8/36) of groundwater sample was positive for E. coli. In the case of surface water, E. coli and coliform correlate to T-P, and enterococci showed relevance to the suspended solid (SS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). In groundwater, fecal indicator bacteria showed relevance to the SS and chemical oxygen demand (COD). These results could be provided as fundamental date for establishing microbial standard of water used in leafy vegetables cultivation.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.102-109
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the growth parameters and antioxidant activity of Cnidium officinale under controlled temperature and carbon dioxide levels during the cultivation period. The plants were cultivated for four months, each group being set at the average temperature of the cultivation area +1.8℃/445ppm(SSP1), +3.6℃/872ppm(SSP3), and +4.4℃/1,142ppm(SSP5), respectively. During the cultivation period, the growth, Top/Root ratio, and leaf weight ratio(LWR) of C. officinale slightly decreased in SSP3 and SSP5 compared to SSP1, while the root weight ratio(RWR) increased. The antioxidant activity and related phenolic compound content in the aerial parts of C. officinale increased proportionally with temperature and CO₂ concentration. However, an adverse effect was observed in the high-concentration SSP5 group. Conversely, in the roots, the SSP5 group exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. This study suggests that it can be utilized as fundamental data necessary for understanding the correlation between environmental conditions and the growth as well as physiological activities of medicinal plants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 1999

SRB(Sulfate Reducing Bacteria) converts sulfate into sulfide using an organic carbon source as the electron donor. The sulfide formed precipitates the various metals present in the AMD (Acid Mine Drainage). This study is the fundamental research on heavy metal removal from AMD using SRB. Two completely mixed anaerobic reactors were operated for cultivation of SRB at the temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and anaerobic batch reactors were used to evaluate the effects of carbon source, COD/sulfate($SO_4^=$) ratio and alkalinity on sulfate reduction rate and heavy metal removal efficiency. AMD used in this study was characterized by low pH 3.0 and 1000mg/l of sulfate and dissolved high concentration of heavy metals such as iron, cadmium, copper, zinc and lead. It was found that glucose was an organic carbon source better than acetate as the electron donor of SRB for sulfate reduction in AMD. Amount of sulfate reduction maximized at the COD(glucose)/sulfate ratio of 0.5 in the influent and then removal efficiencies of heavy metals were 97.5% of Cu, 100% of Pb, 100% of Cr, 49% of Mn, 98% of Zn, 100% Cd and 92.4% of Fe. Although sulfate reduction results in an increase in the alkalinity of the reactor, alkalinity of 1000mg/1 (as $CaCo_3$) should be should be added continuously to the anaerobic reactor in order to remove heavy metals from AMD.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.73-85
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• 2010

The chapter holds great importance in understanding the fundamental aspect of disease occurrence, for it contains key concepts of disease of Naegyeong medicine. For this reason, prominent doctors from Jang Gyeong-ak(張景岳) of Ming to Lee Gyujun (李奎晙) of late Josun have based their Yang Gi-centered medical theories on this chapter. However, doctors such as Ju Jinhyeong(朱震亨) who have stressed the importance of Eum, also used the contents of this chapter to support their perspective on disease, which means that the main voice of this chapter is still unclear. Based on the previous chapter, it is valid to say that uses the Eum-Yang Body-Function Perspective(陰陽體用觀) to establish the fundamentals of life and parallels the uniqueness of each kind of Gi, Eum and Yang, in leading Gi activity in mankind. This philosophy based on the uniqueness of the activity of Eum/Yang Gi expands its target from human to disease in general, becoming actualized as a theory of external/internal body-function perspective. Cultivation methods based on this uniqueness is also being suggested.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1891-1899
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• 2016

Recently food problem and crop disaster have been increased continuously because of the meteorological changes. These cause rising cost for crops continuously and irregularly. Some researchers have studied straight structure of device for hydroponics and plant factory previously to solve a fundamental part of these problems. However, there are several problems such as limited crop cultivation space, providing irregular nutrients for crops, and lack of monitoring interfaces. For them, we propose an optimal growth and development crops management system using light source tracking and recirculation of nutrient solution method to supply nutrient continuously based on IoT. In order to evaluate the performance of our system, we compared and analyzed in terms of two viewpoints, the tracking analysis for natural light source measurement and the growth of crops through artificial light, LED, respectively. We confirmed that the higher the duty ratio of LED, the larger the crop's size, particularly. As well as, for about 1 month, we compared with the existing natural light growing environment and that of our system. It was confirmed that the size of the crops grown through our system is about three times larger than that of natural light natural crops.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2005

Recently there has been a rapid accumulation of knowledge of microbial life in cold and frozen ecosystems. This understanding has revealed the extensive diversity of psychrophilic prokaryotes. Cultivation-based and molecular-based surveys have been performed in Antarctic habitats ranging from glacial ice to continental shelf sediments. Results indicate that psychrophilic taxa permeate throughout the Bacteria while they represent a more mysterious element of diversity in the Archaea owing to a notable lack of cultured strains. In certain cold climate ecosystems the diversity of psychrophilic populations reach levels comparable to the richest temperate equivalents. Within these communities must exist tremendous genetic diversify that is potentially of fundamental and of practical value. So far this genetic pool has been hardly explored. Only recently have genomic data become available for various psychrophilic prokaryotes and more is required. This owes to the fact that psychrophilic microbes possess manifold mechanisms for cold adaptations, which not only Provide enhanced survival and Persistence but Probably also contributes to niche specialisation. These mechanisms, including cold-active and ice-active proteins, polyunsaturated lipids and exopolysaccharides also have a great interest to biotechnologists.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 1998

Educational utilization of the Web has drawn much interest from educational institutions due to advantages such as arousing interest, self-motivated participation, and acquisition of up-to-the-minute information beyond time and spatial limitation. Researches have been focused on searching and retrieving information from the Web in many different ways. In this paper, we introduce Web-based project which emphasizes on an organized and unified way of using the Web, a higher level methodology than just gathering and searching information. The advantages of Web-based project can be considered as wide experiences of the subject, integrated curricular education, creativity development, cultivation of cooperative spirit, global education, etc. We address basic concepts of managing Web-based project and discuss applicable areas. Also, we propose a fundamental design structure of Web-based project.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 2007

Future war needs a lot of changes for military organization. Specially, concept of the "Speed" is raised importantly after Iraq war of U.S. Armed Forces. So, He is a lot of studying supply chain for logistical support speed improvement. Korea Marine Corps has made an efforts to improve supply chain. However it is real that is putting various techniques by prescription rather than fundamental change. These simplicity prescriptions are not only systematic but also insufficient for Marine Corps' survival. In addition, Korea marine corps in actuality is depending on many members in marine and navy in feed chain. Thus it is not establishing even tactical, decision-making plan of operation for support ability cultivation. Therefore, in this study, with Sense and Response concept that is United States Marine Corps' support strategy, presented theoretical background and basis frame that serve that Korea Marine Corps's supply chain changes to perception reaction formation.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.505-516
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• 2005

According to Mead's (1934) symbolic interaction theory, social roles are learned through interaction and experiences in everyday life. Over time, these rules of behavior become internalized and serve to structure one's actions accordingly. Ultimately, these rules provide us with a powerful means of controlling our actions, and in time, they define our identity. Transforming the socialization process is one's conscious interpretation of stimuli through the use of symbols. Furthermore, society's perceptual processes can be shaped by the symbols we learn. The meaning of symbols can be learned from a variety of social influences, one of which may be mediated messages and advertising. This paper attempts to establish a link between media exposure and one's perception of social reality regarding character judgments made of unknown others based on the target's product or brand usage. Using magazine advertisements for fictitious products, the experiment herein seeks to establish two fundamental goals: 1) to determine if perceptions can be manipulated via association with companion symbolic elements: and 2) to detect whether television exposure is a moderating factor. Respondents were asked their perceptions of both product quality and of product users.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.440-446
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• 2004

Interest in in vitro study of entomopathogenic fungi, including Cordyceps species, has been increasing due to their valuable bioactive compounds and biocontrol effects. Among Cordyceps species, in vitro stromata of C militaris has been successfully produced and cultivated for industrial purposes. However, genetic study on in vitro stromata formation of C militaris has not been carried out yet. Here, relationship between mating system and perithecial stromata formation of C militaris is reported. Mating system was determined by observing perithecial stromata formation from mono-ascospore cultures and their pair-wise combinations. Certain combinations of mono-ascospore strains produced perithecial club-shaped stromata, whereas other combinations produced either no stromata or only abnormal non-perithecial stromata. Similarly, mono­ascospore cultures without combination produced either no stromata or only abnormal non­perithecial stromata. Despite obvious heterothallism, self-fertility was occasionally observed in few strains of C militaris. These observations indicated that C militaris behaves as a bipolar het­erothallic fungus and requires two mating compatible strains in order to produce regular club­shaped perithecial stromata, a fundamental requirement for its industrial cultivation.