• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.260-266
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• 2007

A thermophilic bacterium capable of poly (L-lactide)(PLLA) degradation was isolated from cultivating soil in Korea. The isolate was Gram positive rod-shaped bacterium, and was identified as Geobacillus caldoxylosilyticus based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The strain proved to be a new PLLA degrading bacterium which has not been reported in the open literatures yet. The degradation activity of the strain was assessed in a sterilized compost inoculated with the strain under controlled compost condition at $58^{\circ}C$ for 40 days. The strain mineralized 66%, 57%, 41% and 40% of PLLA5000, PLLA11000, PLLA34000 and PLLA256000 whose weight average molecular weights were 5000, 11000, 34000 and 256000, respectively. Incorporation of 0.1% each of gelatin, yeast extract and ammonium sulfate in the compost containing PLLA256000 as a nutritional supplement raised the biodegradation activity by 27%, 13% and 10%, respectively. Increase of the inoculum size from $10^9cfu\;g^{-1}\;to\;10^{10}cfu\;g^{-1}\;and\;10^{11}cfu\;g^{-1}$ also enhanced the biodegradation activity by 14% and 20%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: The current study was conducted to examine the species specific accumulation of Cd and Pb in 11 crop species (Soybean, Sesame, Corn, Polished rice, Carrot, Potato, Garlic, Spring onion, Chinese leek, Red pepper, Eggplant), through cultivating them under the same condition with metal contaminated soils.METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven crop species were cultivated in three different soils contaminated with Cd and Pb and harvested. Edible parts of each crop was pretreated and analyzed to determine Cd and Pb concentrations, and subsequently bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were calculated. In general, the crops of which seeds are used as food showed high concentrations of both Cd and Pb. For instance, Cd concentrations in crops cultivated in Soil A was in the order of soybean (0.432 mg kg^-1) > sesame (0.385) > polished rice (0.176) > carrot (0.116) > corn (0.060) > red pepper > (0.047) > potato (0.044) > egg plant (0.025) > garlic (0.023) > spring onion (0.016) > Chinese leek (0.011). BCFs showed the same order.CONCLUSION: From this study, it can be conclude that seeds plants should not be cultivated in Cd and Pb contaminated soils to secure food safety from metal contaminated soils.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2002

The human complement receptor type 1 (CR 1, C3 b/C4b receptor) is a polymorphic membrane glycoprotein expressed on human erythrocytes, peripheral leukocytes, plasma and renal glomerular podocytes, which consists of transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains with 30 repeating homologous protein domains known as short consensus repeats (SCR). CR1 has been used as an inhibitor for inflammatory and immune system for the past several years. Recently; it is reported that CRl was found to suppress the hyper-acute rejection in xeno-transplantation and can be used to cure autoimmune diseases. A soluble form of CRl, called sCRl, is a recombinant CRl by cleaving the transmembrane domain at C-terminus and has been expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Several purification methods for sCR1 from CHO cells have been reported, but most of them require complicated steps at high cost. Moreover, such methods are mostly performed under the pH condition apt to denaturing sCR1 and causes sCRl losing its activity. We here report a rapid and efficient method to purify sCR1 from CHO cell. The new method consists of a two-stage of cell culture by cultivating cells in serum medium followed by serum-free medium, and a two-stage of column purification by means of heparin and gel filtration column chromatography. By using this novel method, sCR1 can be purified in a simple and effective way with high yield and purity, furthermore, the purified sCR1 was confirmed to retain its activity to suppress the complement activation in vivo and ex vivo.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.127-139
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• 2002

This study was carried out to prove the therapeutic effects of BNJB on the catract. The objects of this study were CXSD mice that spontaneously eye rupture occurred from three weeks after birth and eventually generate cataract within 12 weeks. We applied eyewash made from BNJB to eyes of CXSD mice twice in a day till all the eyes of the negative control showed up the symptoms of a cataract and recorded the increasing patterns of cataractous eyes. To explained the therapeutic effects of the BNJB, We carried out the ex vivo experiment which cultivating eyeballs were offered oxidative stress condition by $0.03{\%}$ $H_2O_2$ during three days. Total co-enzyme was extracted from the cultured eyeballs and used to measure activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathion S-transferase and content of GSH. The results were obtained as follows: 1. When we treated the catalin to CXSD mouse as a positive control, it represented the delaying effect for cataract generation for 2-3 days compare with negative control. But it seems that it doesn't appropriate as a therapeutic, or delaying agent. 2. In the experimental BNJB group, Cataract formation rate was dramatically reduced by BNJB. This rate was much lower than positive group and means our new formulation for the therapy of cataract has a good potential. 3. In the analysis of individual medicines of BNJB, Mok-Jeok-Cho, Hwang-Lyun and Ha-Go-Cho didn't have a major effect of BNJB. 4. The cataract formation rate was repressed by Bing-Pyun and Jin- Joo-Boon about $40{\%}$ and $50{\%}$, respectively. We can presume that the anti-cataract effect of BNJB was caused by these two medicines. 5. When we surveyed the anti-oxidant activities of BNJB, enzyme activities of GSH, SOD, and Catalase increased about $10{\%},\30{\%}$, and 2.5 folds, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2010

Today's fundamental purpose of environmental education is to fulfill people's desire of living in a pleasant environment and at the same time promoting individualistic and collective environmentally friendly behaviors. In order to achieve these purposes, it is very important that each person holds an environmentally friendly mind that constantly tries to preserve and protect the environment which should be acquired through experiencing the importance of the environment. In order to increases the sense of attachment of people and the natural environment, the direction of environmental education should carry out education on environment related knowledge and the condition of environment damage side by side. The direction of environmental education should consider the cultivating student's awareness for active participation on matters related to the environment and to change their behaviors towards the environment. This study has tested the effect of reflective writing activities about the environment on the environmental sensitivity and willingness to act of 5th grade primary school students. For the sole purpose of this study, 70 students out of 141 5th graders of M Primary School were divided as the experimental group, and another 71 students were divided as the control group. The experimental group participated in 10 activities in where they were asked to express their thoughts and feelings in writing regarding 10 environmental problems occurring near the M Primary School. The control group participated in 10 environmental education lectures focusing on the lecturer. The results were as following. First, the reflective writing activities about the environment were effective in the environmental sensitivity of primary school students. Second, the reflective writing activities about the environment can affect the environmental willingness to act of primary school students. Third, there was a statistically significant correlation between environmental sensitivity and environmental willingness to act.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.401-405
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• 1995

An open pond type photobioreactor for mass cultivation of S. platensis was designed and the growth parameters from different cultivation processes were compared. 0.30(1/day) of specific growth rate and 1.69(g/$\ell$) of maximum cell density were obtained from batch cultivation. In fed-batch cultivation, specific growth rate and maximum cell density were estimated as 0.22(1/day) and 1.75(g/$\ell$), respectively. Maximum biomass productively from continuous cultivation was obtained as 0.44 (g/$\ell$/day). It proves that an outdoors-mass cultivation of S. platensis considering optimal environmental condition is economically feasible. In addition, the biomass productivity was studied in two different mixing systems such as agitation and air sparging methods. The biomass productivity by an agitation method was better than that in an air sparging method.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.115-120
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• 1997

The purpose of thesis was to investigate the removal efficiency of surfactants and commercial detergents by Oenanthe javanica that is one of aquatic plants in Korea. The experiment is concerned with measuring the concentrations of surfactants and commercial detergents in different media: 1) in pure water, 2) in water containing Oenanthe javanica, 3) in water containing Oenanthe javanica and commercial nutrients. The surfactants used in this research include linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), $\alpha$-sulfo fatty acid methyl esters(MES), and alkylbenzene sulfonates(ABS). Two commercial detergents designated as A and B were in the forms of power and liquid. The results showed that LAS and MES were more effectively removed by Oenanthe javanica probably because these have a chain of linear carbon than on ABS with a branched carbon structure. In the case of commercial detergents, when the except was performed on the basis of surfactants proportion, the removal trends were similar to LAS and MES. The 5-day cultivating test with initial concentration of 0.5-1.0 ppm surfactants showed that less than 10% was removed if no nutrients an Oenanthe javanica were added. When Oenanthe javanica was added into the sample solution containing surfactants, the removal efficiency was increased 100% for the solution containing 0.5-1.0 ppm 60-70% for 5-10 ppm. In addition, chlorisis on Oenanthe javanica was observed due to surfactants and commercial detergents for all three cases. To test the dependence of population density on nutrients, the initial population density was made 300 g/0.4 m$^2$. Throughout the 5-day experiment, the on Oenanthe javanica grew 20-25% with 0.5-1.0 ppm without the synthetic nutrients but by 5% with a high concentrations of 5-10 ppm. The population density was appeared to be independent of synthetic nutrients. The leaves were to be grown with synthetic nutrients, while roots were grown without synthetic nutrients. Based on this research, the fundamental data concerning cultivation and an adequate adjustment of the water condition can provide for the utilization of Oenanthe javanica in real water treatment system.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present condition of the Korean footwear industry, and its competitiveness through related precedent research. Research was done by analyzing data from the Korean Statistical Information Service, the Korea International Trade Association and advanced research about the footwear industry. Footwear markets all over the world are growing continuously. The main consumers are China, America and India. World footwear trade is showing a growth trend on the basis of cost and amount. The main exporting countries are China, Vietnam and Italy, while main importing countries are America, Germany and France. The domestic market and the export market of footwear in Korea are decreasing. The scale of exporting footwear is gradually decreasing, however the scale of importing footwear is increasing. Korea exports footwear to China, Vietnam and Japan and imports them from China, Vietnam and Indonesia. Studies concening the footwear industry implied that the competitiveness of Korea has been weakened both in the domestic and the export markets. To enhance the competitiveness of Korean footwear corporations, long-term support at the national level is needed. Especially, cultivating competitive experts is crucial to improve the competitiveness of designs and the quality of products. Furthermore, branding strategies using the Korean wave, Korean culture and the national image of Korea, as well as platform strategies to communicate with consumers globally and selling high-quality products are significant.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2017

This study was conducted for the domestic new cultivar to expand cultivation area and sustainable production. The new domestic cultivar, 'Jinok' and control cultivar, 'Campbell Early', had been investigated on vine growth and fruit quality by different cultivating conditions as open field, rain shelter and unheated plastic house. The growth period of 'Jinok' was faster than 'Campbell Early'. The harvesting date of 'Jinok' was on 13th of Aug. faster than 'Campbell Early' which was on 17th of Aug., and it was on 25th and 29th of Aug. for 'Jinok' and 'Campbell Early' on field cultivation, respectively. The growing length and width of new shoots were similar among the cropping systems. In the result of fruit characteristic evaluation, the soluble solids content of the 'Jinok' and 'Campbell Early' cultivating on the unheated plastic house were $15.4^{\circ}Brix$ and $15.9^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. In the open field condition, those were $15.9^{\circ}Brix$ and $15.8^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. The titratable acidity and chromaticity were similar among the treatments. In the appearance of past and disease, Phomopsis blight was occurred on mid of June and in the end of cultivation period on about early Aug., the damage by Phomopsis blight was the lowest about 14% in the unheated plastic house cultivation on the 'Jinok' cultivar and it was 39% in the open field condition. However, in the open filed cultivation for 'Campbell Early', Phomopsis blight was highly occurred about 49%. During this period, or the end of cultivation, it is necessary for the intensive control.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

This study was carried out to provide basic information for mass breeding and cultivating the saplings of Camellia japonica. The germination rates did not show definite tendency according to the changes of seed weight at room temperature and 4℃ dry storage conditions. The germination rate of 4℃ wet sand storage was increased with seed weight, but showed very low germination rate for 120 days of storage. The germination rate was above 80% in 60 days, 90 days and 120 days, respectively, at 4℃ wet filter paper storage conditions. The average days taken for those germinations were about 30 days at room temperature and 4℃ dry storage conditions, but wet storage (sand, filter paper) condition took the shortly nearly 13 days for those germinations. Leaf number, leaf dry weight, stem diameter and root dry weight were higher than total average by more than 1.21 g for seed weight. Stem length was higher than the average by more than 1.01 g, plant dry weight was higher than the average by more than 0.81 g, and stem dry weight was higher than the average by more than 0.61 g. In the case of seed weight becoming heavier, seedling growth was good but T/R ratio tended to decrease. In order to increase the mass production of seedlings using Camellia japonica seeds, we need to specify the weight and size of those seeds. The 4℃ wet filter paper storage condition was evaluated as the most efficient method for the seed storage used for seeding.