• 제목/요약/키워드: Culled Cow

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고지 사육 도태유우의 번식실태와 생식기 부검에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Reproductive Performence and Organs Autopsy of Culled Dairy Cow at Alpine Area)

  • 이상영;김정익
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.295-303
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    • 1994
  • The present study was conducted to examine the reprodutive performance and organs autopsy of culled dairy cows at alpine area. 795 culled dairy cows were managed and 206 culled dairy cows were examined by autopsy of reproductive organs at above 800m of sea level around the Daegwallryoung alpine area. The results of this study were at follows ; 1. Age and parity of culled dairy cows were 60.8 months and 3.0, respectively. 2. Age of first AI of heifer was 18.7 months, and age of pregnancy and parturition of heifer were 19.5 months and 28.6 months, respectively. 3. Al time per pregnancy was 1.7 and time of pregnancy after parturition, pregnancy period and calving interval were 140.9, 279.6 and 424.9 days, respectively. 4. Culled months after last parturition was 4.3 and the highest urogenital deseases of culled reason were 358(45.0%). 5. Reproductive organs deseases by autopsy were 120(58.4%), the highest ovary disease were 75(43.6%). 6. The highest ovary adhesions of reproductive organ diseases were 46(26.7%), infundibulum adhesion, obstruction of the oviduct and endometritis were 38(22.1%), 15(8.7%), and 14(8.2%), respectively. 7. In culled dairy cow for the reproductive organ disease, parity, age, culled months and AI number after last parturition were 3.2, 66.5 months, 7.9 months and 2.1, respectively.

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Current situation and future prospects for beef production in Thailand - A review

  • Bunmee, Thanaporn;Chaiwang, Niraporn;Kaewkot, Chonlathee;Jaturasitha, Sanchai
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권7호
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    • pp.968-975
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    • 2018
  • Thailand is a country of native beef cattle resource farming. It has undergone rapid social and economic change in the past decade. Agricultural growth has been maintained by increasing the production of rice and cassava. Changing economic status also provides opportunities for beef cattle producers to meet increasing consumer demand for beef. Finishing beef cattle numbers in Thailand were about 1.0 M head in 2015. Beef produced in Thailand has exclusively been for domestic consumption. Only 1% of Thailand's beef cattle are for the premium market which is based on marbling score, 40% are sold into modern markets that consider muscling of cattle, and the remainder enter traditional markets. Cross-bred cattle for the premium market are raised within intensive systems. Most producers of premium beef are members of beef cooperatives, or have invested in their enterprises at high levels. Culled cow (native or cross-bred cattle) are mainly for small holder farm production. Malaysia, Indonesia, and other members of the Asian Economic Community (AEC) are set to become the largest beef market, which has been confirmed by 2015 through 2020 forecasts for consumption of beef that must increasingly be halal. These circumstances are likely to be challenging for beef producers in Thailand to gain a share of this market. Integration across all sectors involved in beef production in Thailand will be required.

Post-Harvest Strategies to Improve Tenderness of Underutilized Mature Beef: A Review

  • Tuell, Jacob R.;Nondorf, Mariah J.;Kim, Yuan H. Brad
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.723-743
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    • 2022
  • Beef muscles from mature cows and bulls, especially those originating from the extremities of the carcass, are considered as underutilized due to unsatisfactory palatability. However, beef from culled animals comprises a substantial proportion of the total slaughter in the US and globally. Modern consumers typically favor cuts suitable for fast, dry-heat cookery, thereby creating challenges for the industry to market inherently tough muscles. In general, cull cow beef would be categorized as having a lower extent of postmortem proteolysis compared to youthful carcasses, coupled with a high amount of background toughness. The extent of cross-linking and resulting insolubility of intramuscular connective tissues typically serves as the limiting factor for tenderness development of mature beef. Thus, numerous post-harvest strategies have been developed to improve the quality and palatability attributes, often aimed at overcoming deficiencies in tenderness through enhancing the degradation of myofibrillar and stromal proteins or physically disrupting the tissue structure. The aim of this review is to highlight existing and recent innovations in the field that have been demonstrated as effective to enhance the tenderness and palatability traits of mature beef during the chilling and postmortem aging processes, as well as the use of physical interventions and enhancement.

도태 유우의 유선조직에서 분리된 세균의 항균제 감수성 (Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Causative Agents of Mastitis Isolated from Mammary Glandular Tissues of Slaughtered Holstein Cows)

  • 김혜라;이정치;김상기;윤병철;서계원;이정길;이채용
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.129-132
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    • 2004
  • Causative agents of mastitis were isolated from glandular tissues of 101 culled Holstein cow udders and tested with antimicrobials by standardized disc diffusion method. Pathogens most commonly isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci (43.9%) and streptococci (21.4%). Most of the udders (88.5%) showed mixed infections with more than two species of bacteria. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests revealed that 90.0% and 84.5% of the isolated organisms were susceptible to amoxicillin and gentamicin, while most organisms were resistant to erythromycin. Coliforms were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin and tetracycline and streptococci to erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline.

Classification of acute clinical mastitis on the base of vital signs and complete blood count test in dairy cows

  • Hur, Tai-Young;Kang, Seog-Jin;Jung, Young-Hun;Lee, Hyun-June;Ki, Kwang-Seok;Choe, Chang-Yong;Suh, Guk-Hyun
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제53권1호
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    • pp.19-23
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    • 2013
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnosis of acute clinical mastitis (ACM) which was based on the vital signs and complete blood count (CBC) tests in dairy cows. Twenty eight dairy cows diagnosed with ACM, were selected for the study between Jan 2003 and July 2006 in the National Institute of Animal Science. Based on their vital signs (rectal temperature, depression, rumen contraction and, dehydration status), ACM was divided into three different classes; mild, moderate and severe forms. In addition, ACM cows were subjected to CBC tests for further diagnosis of ACM. Of the 27 dairy cows diagnosed with ACM, 3 cows were determined to have a mild form, while moderate and sever forms were each observed in twelve cows. Among of them, 4 cows died, 5 cows were culled and 18 cows were recovered. In the mild form, all haematological parameters were comparable with normal values. However, leukopenia, due to neutropenia and lymphocytopenia, appeared characteristically in the moderate and severe forms. Using the observation of vital signs in conjunction with CBC tests, the diagnosis of ACM is more accurate, and is helpful in making decisions of whether treatment or culling of dairy cows infected with ACM is most appropriate.

뉴질랜드 (Palmerston North) 의 낙농 현황과 번식 및 번식장해에 관한 연구 (II) Palmerston North 지역의 낙농 번식현 황과 번식장해에 관한 조사 (Studies on Dairy Farming Status, Reproductive Efficiencies and Disorders in New Zealand (II) A Survey on Reproductive Efficiencies and Disorders in Palmerston North Area)

  • 김중계;맥도날드
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.19-33
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    • 2000
  • New Zealand, Palmerston North 지역의 낙농가 80여 개 낙농가에 1998년 2월부터 1998년 7월까지 우편설문지에 의해 조사되었다. 주어진 질문항목은 1) General characteristics, 2) Milk yield 와 feed supplementary, 3) Reproductive efficiencies(14개 질의), 4) Reproductive disorders (12개 질의) 4개 항목을 포함하는 합계 43개의 질문을 내포하고 있었다. 낙농가의 웅답자 38농가 (47.5%)에서 회수된 질의문 4개 항목 중 3), 4) 항목에 해당되는 번식능력 향상을 위한 번식상황, 번식장해, 젖소의 일반적인 질환(대사질환 포함) 및 도태 등에 관한 조사결과를 집계분석하여 우리나라 낙농인 (특히 제주도)들에게 인식시키고, New Zealand 성적과 비교하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Palmers ton North 지역에서 인공수정만을 실행하고 있는 낙농가는 38농가 중 15농가 (39.5%)뿐이고 나머지 23농가(60.5%)는 임신율을 향상시키기 위하여 대부분 약 5∼6 마리의 종모우를 확보하고 있었다. 대부분의 농가는 대략 10월 20일경에서 12월 10일 까지 약 42일간 인공수정을 실시하고 그 후부터 익년 1월 19일까지 (약 42일) 종모우로 자연교미를 시도하고 있었다. 인공수정 개시 후 전체 종빈우 중 3주 동안에 발정 발현율이 84.7%, 6주에는 93.9%, 그리고 10주까지 약 97.9%의 발정두수가 포착되여 임신으로 유도되었다. 2. 미경산우의 첫발정 1월령, 첫수정 l월령 그리고 첫분만 1월령은 각각 대략 11.0, 15.4 과 24.7개월이었고, 임신까지의 수정회수는 약 1.4회였다. 또한 분만 후 발정재귀와 첫수정일은 각각 38,68일로 상당히 우리나라보다 빠른 성적을 보여주고 있었다. 3. 전체 수정두수에 있어서 송아지 분만율은 90.9%이고, 유산된 암소 1.6% 이었으며, 공태율은 7.4% 이었고, 사육규모두수가 증가됨으로써 분만율은 떨어졌으며, 공태율도 약간씩 낮아지는 경향을 보여 주었다. 4. 번식장해에 있어서 사산, 후산정체 그리고 분만장해는 각각 평균 5.3, 3.7, 5.5%로서 사육 규모에 따라서 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 5. 대사질병중 유열, 신경성강직, 케토시스 발생율은 각각 평균 3.6, 3.0, 1.0%로 사육규모 두수별 큰 차이가 없었다. 그리고 치료 대상 중에서 분만장해는 평균 3.1%, 유방염 발생은 6.7%로 높았으나, 사육규모가 커질수록 비율이 떨어지는 경향을 보여주었으며, 다리절음은 평균 8.6%로서 400두 이상 사육규모에서 10.1% 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 6. 낙농가에서 사육 중 도태두수는 평균 15.5%서 연령, 다리절음, 기타 질병에 따른 도태두수는 각각 평균 2.9, 1.8, 4.3%로 사유규모별 차이가 없었으나, 저우유생산량, 번식장해의 의한 도태두수는 각각 평균 4.3, 5.1%로 사육두수가 많아짐에 따라서 낮아지는 경향을 보여 주었다. 7. 우리나라에서 조사된 성적과 비교할 때 대체로 일반적인 번식효율과 분만장해는 양호하였으나, 발절음, 대사질환, 그리고 도태율 동은 New Zealand 에서 높은 수치를 보여 주었다.

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한우(韓牛)의 유전적(遺傳的) 개량량(改良量) 증대(增大)를 위한 적정(適正) 산출(算出)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (The Optimum Breeding Structure to Increase Genetic Gain in Body Weight of Korean Native Cattle)

  • 박항균;최광수;설동섭
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • 제1권
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    • pp.179-188
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    • 1983
  • 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 한우육용화(韓牛肉用化) 개량(改良)에 있어서 가장 중요한 경제형질(經濟形質)인 체중에 대(對)한 유전적개량량(遺傳的改良量)을 최대(最大)로 증대(增大)시킬 수 있는 적정규모(適正規模)를 산출(産出)하여 한우(韓牛)의 육용능력(肉用能力)을 조기(早期)에 효율적(效率的)으로 개량(改良)할 수 있는 방안(方案)을 제시(提示)하기 위하여 수행되었다. 체중에 대(對)한 유전적개량량(遺傳的改良量)과 세대별(世代別) 체중평균치의 변화(變化)를 추정(推定)하기 위하여 2재(才)이상의 암소잡균(雜菌)은 매세대(每世代) 675,000두(頭)가 유지(維持)되고 또한 암소는 매년(每年) 15%가 도태(淘汰)된다는 등(等) 몇가지 반정(飯定)아래서 다음과 같은 요인(要因)이 고려(考慮)되었다. 1) 암소 집단중(集團中) 인공수정(人工授精)되는 비율(比率); 30, 40, 50, 60, 70% 2) 종모우(種牡牛) 두당, 년간(年間) 정액(精液) 생산(生産) 수량(數量); 5,000, 7,000, 10,000, 15,000, 20,000두분(頭分) 3) 종모우(種牡牛)의 평균체중; 480, 520, 560, 600, 640, 680, 720kg/18개월령(個月齡)이다. 본연구(本硏究)에서 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 체중의 유전적개량량(遺傳的改良量)은 이용(利用)되는 종모우(種牡牛)의 체중에 크게 영향(影響)을 받으며 매세대당유전적개량량은 28.66~36.31kg으로 추정(推定)되었다. 2) 유전적개량량(遺傳的改良量)의 80~90%는 종모우선발(種牡牛選拔)에 기인(起因)하는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 종모우(種牡牛)의 평균체중이 매세대(每世代)마다 40kg씩 증가(增加)되고 암소의 인공수정(人工授精)되는 비율(比率)이 50%이상으로 확대(擴大)되어지는 경우 5세대(世代)이후에서 수소 및 암소의 체중평균치는 인공수정집단(人工授精集團)에서는 600kg과 520kg, 그리고 전(全) 모집단(母集團)에 있어서는 560kg과 480kg에 도달될 것으로 추정(推定)되었다.

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