• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2013

Plant virus coat (CP) gene-mediated protection is one of the best known approaches to protect against virus resistant transgenic plants. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants containing the CP gene of Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) were used for the environmental risk assessment of the living modified (LM) plants with plant virus resistance. The most optimal co-infection method of both ZGMMV and CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) on Non-LM and CP-expressing LM tobacco plants was established and co-infection of CMV and ZGMMV was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To address the effects of LM tobacco plants on the mutation of the virus, in-vitro transcripts of CP and Replicase (Rep) derived from CMV and/or ZGMMV were inoculated onto Non-LM or LM tobacco plants. Mutation frequency of CP and Rep from CMV and ZGMMV was examined through six serial passages in Non-LM and LM tobacco plants. Little actual frequency of mutation was estimated, probably due to the limited number of transgenic plants tested in this study. However, it does not suggest environmental safety of these CP-mediated LM plants. Further study at a larger scale is needed to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the CP-expressing LM plants.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 1987

모자이크, 엽맥록대, 퇴록반점 등의 병징을 나타내고 있는 동부 (Vigna sesquipedalis)를 진주에서 채집하였다. 전자현미경에 의해 2종의 바이러스가 분리되어 이들의 기주범위, 조즙액중의 부활성화한계, 감염엽세포에 있어서 입자의 소재양식에 의하여 2종의 바이러스를 동정하였다. Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BICMV). 이 바이러스는 즙액접종에 의해 2과 7종의 검정식물에 감염이 확인되었다. 그러나 전신감염은 두과식물에 한했다. 내열성은 $50-60^{\circ}C$, 내희석성은 $10^{-4}-10^{-5}$, 내보존성은 1-6일이었다. 바이러스 입자의 형태는 길이 약 750nm의 사상형이다. 병엽 절편의 전자현미경적 관찰에서는 엽육세포의 세포질에서 사상 입자와 풍차상 및 환상의 봉입체가 확인되었다. Cucumber mosaic virus(CM V), 이 바이러스는 즙액접종에 의해 3과 9종의 검정식물에 감염이 확인되었다. 다른 CM V계와 달리 두과식물에도 전신감염을 했다. 이 바이러스 임자의 형태는 직경약 30nm의 입자이다. 감염엽의 전자현미경적 관찰에서는 엽육세포의 세포질 및 액포내에서 바이러스 입자의 응집상이 확인되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.592-599
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• 2023

A defective RNA3 (D3Yα) of strain Y of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Y) was examined on host-specific maintenance, experimental conditions, and a viral factor required for its generation in plants. D3Yα was stably maintained in cucumber but not in tomato plants for 28 days post inoculation (dpi). D3Yα was generated in Nicotiana tabacum or N. benthamiana after prolonged infection in the second and the third passages, but not in plants of N. benthamiana grown at low temperature at 28 dpi or infected with CMV-Y mutant that had the 2b gene deleted. Collectively, we suggest that generation and retention of D3Yα depends on potential host plants and experimental conditions, and that the 2b protein has a role for facilitation of generation of D3Yα.

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2023

충북지역 수박과 멜론재배지에서 2020년부터 2021년까지 시료를 채집하여 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction으로 유전자 진단을 실시해 바이러스 발생현황을 조사하였다. 2020년 수박에서는 정식 전 접목묘에 대해 바이러스를 검정했을 때 음성군과 진천군 두 곳에서 cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)만이 각각 8%의 감염률을 보였다. 6월에는 진천군과 음성군 모두에서 watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), CGMMV, cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV)가 공통적으로 검출되었으며, 감염률은 진천군이 WMV 3.7%, CGMMV 11.1%, CABYV 3.7%이었고 음성군은 WMV 15.8%, CGMMV 33.3%, CABYV 3.5%로 음성군이 진천군에 비해 WMV와 CGMMV 감염률이 높았다. 2021년 3월부터 5월까지 월별로 수박재배지에서 바이러스를 검정했을 때 3월에는 음성군과 진천군 모두에서 바이러스가 검출되지 않았으며, 4월에는 진천군에서 CGMMV 1.6%, 음성군에서는 WMV 0.4%, CGMMV 38.5% 발생하였다. 5월에는 진천군에서 cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 35%, CGMMV 10%, 음성군에서는 CMV 20.9%, CGMMV 29% 발생하였다. 충북지역에서 수박 바이러스 조사기간 동안 zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)와 cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV)는 검출되지 않았으며, 2020년에는 발생되지 않았던 CMV가 2021년도에 발생하였다. 2020년부터 2021년까지 멜론재배지에서 최근 문제가 되고 있는 CABYV와 CCYV 발생을 조사했을 때 CABYV는 조사기간 동안 음성군과 진천군 모두에서 발생되었고 감염률은 53.9-92.2%였다. CCYV는 2020년에 음성군에서만 20.8% 2021년에는 진천군에서만 2.7% 발생하였다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2011

오이 주요재배지인 상주와 구례에서 오이에 발생하는 바이러스병을 2006년과 2007년에 조사하였다. 경상북도 상주 지역 오이의 병징 발생률은 농가 포장에 따라서 14%에서 90%이었으며 평균 발생률은 46%이었다. 전라남도 구례 지역의 경우 농가 포장에 따라서 9%에서 100%이었으며 평균 발병률은 48%이었다. 주요 발생 바이러스는 CGMMV, ZYMV, PRSV와 WMV2의 4종류였다. 이러한 바이러스는 단독감염과 복합감염 형태로 발생하였다. 2006년과 2007년의 평균 감염률을 보면 단독감염의 경우 ZYMV가 23.5%로 가장 많이 발생하고 있었으며, PRSV가 13.0%, CGMMV가 9.0%, WMV2가 2.0% 순서이었다. 복합감염의 경우에는 2종 바이러스 복합감염이 31.5%, 3종 복합감염이 7.5%, 4종 복합감염이 2.0% 발생하였다. 오이에 발생하고 있는 바이러스 감염형태는 단독감염과 2종 복합감염이 각각 47.7%와 31.5%로 총 88.7%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 오이에 발생한 바이러스의 복합감염으로 많이 발생되는 바이러스로는 ZYMV, CGMMV, PRSV, BBWV2의 순서이었다. 단독감염된 오이의 병징은 다다기 계통이나 취청 계통 오이 모두 비슷한 병징이 나타났으나, CGMMV의 경우 퇴록 반점, 엽맥 퇴록, 엽맥 쭈그러짐 등 매우 다양한 병징이 나타났다. ZYMV는 엽맥 퇴록 병징을 위주로 심한 모자이크 및 기형 병징이 나타났다. 그 이외의 PRSV, WMV-2의 병징은 CGMMV와 ZYMV에 의한 병징에 속하는 비교적 약한 병징이었다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.148.2-149
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• 2003

Cucumber fruit mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CFMMV) causes severe mosaic symptoms with yellow mottling on leaves and fruits, and occasionally severe wilting of cucumber plants. No genetic source of resistance against this virus has been identified. The genes coding for the coat protein or the putative 54-kDa replicase were cloned into binary vectors under control of the SVBV promoter. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was peformed on cotyledon explants of a parthenocarpic cucumber cultivar with superior competence for transformation. R1 seedlings were evaluated for resistance to CFMMV infection by lack of symptom expression, back inoculation on an alternative host and ELISA. From a total of 14 replicase-containing R1 lines, 8 exhibited immunity, while only 3 resistant lines were found among a total of 9 CP-containing lines. Line 144 homozygous for the 54-kDa replicase was selected for further resistance analysis. Line 144 was immune to CFMMV infection by mechanical and graft inoculation, or by root infection following planting in CFMMV-contaminated soil. Additionally, line 144 showed delay of symptom appearance following infection by other cucurbit-infecting tobamoviruses. Infection of line 144 plants with various potyviruses and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus did not break the resistance to CFMMV. The mechanism of resistance of line 144 appears to be RNA-mediated, however the means is apparently different from the gene silencing phenomenon. Homozygote line 144 cucumber as rootstock demonstrated for the first time protection of a non-transformed scion from soil inoculation with a soil borne pathogen, CFMMV.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2004

전남지역 수박에 발생하는 바이러스 병의 발생상황을 조사한 결과, 하우스재배의 경우 1998년에 발생이 심하였으나, 2000년 이후에는 노지재배가 하우스 재배보다 발생이 높은 경향이었다. 포장에서 채집한 시료에 대하여 전자현미경으로 128개 시료를 검정한 결과 87.8％에서 막대형 입자 또는 사상형 입자가 관찰되었다. 이들 시료에 대한 RT-PCR 검정결과 5월에는 CGMMV만 발생하였고, 6월 이후에는 CGMMV, WMV 및 ZYMV가 발생하였는데 WMV가 우점하였으며, 어떤 시료에서도 CMV와 PRSV는 검출되지 않았다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.425-432
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• 1998

Gentian plants (Gentiana spp.) showing yellow ringspot, mosaic, necrotic fleck and malformation were collected from their growing areas in Taegu, Kyungpook province and Alpine Agricultural Experiment Station, Korea. Three viruses isolated from the naturally infected gentian were identified as broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and clover yellow vein virus identified as broad bean wilt virus (CIYVV) by their host range, immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) and electron microscopy. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained preparations showed that BBWV and CMV are spherical particles of 28 nm and 30 nm in diameter, and CIYVV is filamentous particles of ca. 780 nm in length. By ISEM, BBWV was detected mainly in gentian showing yellow ringspot and mottle, CIYVV in necrotic fleck leaf of gentian and CMV in narrow and distorted mosaic leaf of gentian. BBWV and CMV are the most prevalent in the cultivated gentian. In ultrathin sections of BBWV infected tissues, large aggregates of crystalline array of virus particles and vesicular body were found in the cytoplasm and vacuole of mesophyll cells. In case of CIYVV, pinwheel- and laminated aggregate-type inclusions as well as filamentous virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2000

Symptoms on 4 varieties of watermelons inoculated with watermelon mosaic potyvirus II isolated from watermelon (WMV-W) were severe mosaic and leaf malformation while those inoculated with cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus from watermelon (CGMMV-W) were mild mosaic and chlorotic spots. Inoculation of the mixture of WMV-W and CGMMV-W produced extremely severe mosaic along with necrotic spots and general necrosis. Doubly infected plants were also stunted. Cells infected with WMV-W or CGMMV-W alone exhibited the intrinsically ultra-structural properties of each virus infection. WMV-W induced potyvirus-characteristic cylindrical inclusions in the cytosol. Virus particles were orderly aligned along the tonoplasts. CGMMV-W induced tobamovirus-characteristic stacked crystalline arrays of virus particles in the cytosol. Cells infected doubly with WMV-W and CGMMV-W contained striking cytopathic effects that were not present in single infection of each virus. The unique ring structure, nonagon, was that a single potyvirus particle was surrounded by 9 CGMMV-W tobamovirus particles.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2020

Weeds play an important role in the survival of viruses and are potential inoculum sources of viral diseases for crop plants. In this study, specimens of Pseudostellaria heterophylla exhibiting symptoms of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were collected in Bonghwa, Korea. The characteristics of the disease were described and leaf RNA was extracted and sequenced to identify the virus. Three CMV contigs were obtained and PCR was performed using specific primer pairs. RNA from positive samples exhibiting CMV leaf symptoms was amplified to determine the coat protein. A sequence comparison of the coat protein gene from the CMV BH isolate shared the highest nucleotide identity (99.2%) with the CMV ZM isolate. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CMV-BH belonged to subgroup IA and that the most closely-related isolate was CMV-ZM. All test plants used for the biological assay were successfully infected with CMV and exhibited CMV disease symptoms such as blistering, mosaic, and vein yellowing. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection in P. heterophylla from Korea.