• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.313-316
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• 2008

This work sought to examine the suitability of twin roll strip casting for Ag-27%Cu-25%Zn-3%Sn brazing alloy (BAg-7A) and to investigate the mechanical properties and microstructure of the strip. The effect of aging heat treatment on the properties was also studied,. This new manufacturing process has applications in the production of the brazing alloy. XRD and microstructural analysis of the Ag-27%Cu-25%Zn-3%Sn strip represented eutectic microstructure of a Cu-rich phase and a Ag-rich matrix regardless of heat treatment. The results of mechanical tests showed tensile strength of 470MPa, a significant enhancement, and an 18% elongation of the twin roll casted strip, due mainly to the solid solution strengthening of Zn atoms (${\sim}20%$) in the Cu-rich phases. Tensile results showed gradually decreasing strengths and increasing elongation with aging heat treatment. Microstructural evolution and fractography were also investigated and related to the mechanical properties.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1584-1586
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• 2002

CuIn$Se_2$ (CIS) and related compounds such as Cu($In_xGa_{1-x})Se_2$(CIGS) have been studied by their potential for use in photovoltaic devices. CIS thin film materials which have high absorption coefficient and wide bandgap, have attracted much attention as an alternative to crystalline and amorphous silicon solar cells currently in use. Cu-rich CIGS film have very low resistivity, due to coexistence of the semimetallic $Cu_{2-x}Se$. In-rich CIGS films show high resistivity, since these films are compensated films without the $Cu_{2-x}Se$ phase. Optical properties of the CIGS films also change in accordance with the resistivity for the Cu/(In+Ga) ratio. The Cu-rich films have different spectra from In-rich films in near infrared wavelengths.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

남서태평양 Manus Basin은 인도-호주판과 태평양판이 충돌하여 형성된 배호분지로 열수분출작용이 활발하며, 석영 안산암 및 현무암질 안산암 계열의 산성 화산암류를 기반암으로 발달한 열 수분출구 등 열수광체가 산재되어 있다. 열수분출구는 주로 황철석, 황동석, 백철석, 섬아연석, 방연석 등의 광석광불과 이에 수반되는 경석고, 중정석, 비정질 규소 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 황동석이 괴상으로 다량 산출되는 Cu-rich chimney와 섬아연석이 괴상으로 다량 산출되는 Zn-rich chimney로 대분된다. 열수분출구글 구성하는 금속원소들의 전체적인 상관관계에Ai Zn은 Sb, Cd, Ag, 등과 그리고 Cu는 Mo, Mn, Co 등과 좋은 정의 상관관계가 인지된다. 또한, 열수분출구에 따라 Zn-rich chimney에서는 Au가 Zn과 대단히 높은 정의 상관관계를 보여주며 Cd, Mn, Sb 등이 부화되어 있는 반면에, Cu-rich chimney에서는 Au가 Zn 및 Pb와 좋은 정의 상관관계를 보여주며 Mo, Co 등이 부화되어 있는 특성을 보여준다. 연구지역 Cu-rich chimney 및 Zn-rich chimney의 Au 평균품위는 각각 15.9 ppm 및 29.0 ppm이며, Ag, Cu, Zn 등 유용금속도 상당량 부화되어 있어 경제성이 높은 것으로 평가된다. Zn-rich chimney에 산출하는 경석고 및 비정질규소의 유체포유물 균일화 온도 및 염농도는 174~22$0^{\circ}C$ 및 2.7~3.6 equiv, wt.% NaCl로. 섬아연석 등 광석광물의 주 광화 작용이 약 20$0^{\circ}C$를 전후한 범위에서 진행되었으며, 이때 산소분압은 $10^{40.8}$bar이하에서 $10^{39.5}$이상으로 황분압은 $10^{14.7}$bar이하에서 $10^{13.4}$이상으로 각각 증가 전이되는 것으로 추론된다. 한편, Cu-rich chimney는 Zn-rich chimney의 주 광화온도조건보다 높은 온도에서 광화작용이 진행되었을 것으로 판단된다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2007

In this study, brazing characteristics of the dissimilar Ti and Cu metals using a Zr-base amorphous filler ($Zr_{41.2}Ti_{13.8}Cu_{12.5}Ni_{10.0}Be_{22.5}$ in at.%) have been investigated for various bonding temperatures. In the sample brazed at $790^{\circ}C$ for 10 min., the Ti-rich phases in the joint were observed, while the Cu-rich phases were obtained in the sample brazed at $825^{\circ}C$ for 10 min.. Such a different microstructure and composition in the joints could be explained by the degree of the dissolution reaction. At $790^{\circ}C$, the reaction between the Zr-rich liquid phase and the Ti base metal was actively occurred to form Ti-rich liquid phase in the joint. As the temperature increased to $825^{\circ}C$, however, the reaction between the Ti-rich liquid phase and the Cu base metal was promoted to form the Cu-rich liquid phase in the joint finally. Such a different interface reaction is attributed to the reactivity or solubility between the Zr as a main element in the filler and the Ti and Cu as a base metal element.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1998

The effects of chemical composition and thermal cycling on the martensitic transformation characteristics in Cu-rich, equiatomic and Zr-rich CuZr binary alloys have been studied by calorimetry. Only martensite could be indentified in equiatomic $Cu_{49.9}Zr_{50.1}$ alloy, while $Cu_{10}Zr_7$ and $CuZr_2$ intermetallic compounds as well as martensite were formed by rapid cooling from the melts in Cu-rich $Cu_{52.2}Zr_{47.5}$ alloy and Zr-rich $Cu_{48.4}Zr_{51.6}$ alloy, respectively. The $M_s$ temperature of $Cu_{49.9}Zr_{50.1}$ was $156^{\circ}C$ but those of $Cu_{52.5}Zr_{47.5}$ and $Cu_{48.4}Zr_{51.6}$ alloys, being $109^{\circ}C$ and $138^{\circ}C$, were lower than that of equiatomic $Cu_{49.9}Zr_{50.1}$ alloy. In all the alloys, the $M_s$ temperature has fallen but the $A_s$ temperature has risen, resulting in widening of the transformation hysteresis with thermal cycling. The anomalous characteristics in the transformation temperature are due to the presence of the intermetallic compounds i.e. $Cu_{10}Zr_7$ and $CuZr_2$ formed by an eutectoid reaction during thermal cycling in the temperature range between $-100^{\circ}C$ < $T_c$ < $400^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.886-896
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• 1997

To investigate an effect of phase separation on precipitation characteristics of CuCl nanocrystals in CuCl doped nonlinear optical glasses, borosilicate glass systems with 9 different compositions with ~2wt% of CuCl were selected and CuCl doped glasses were prepared by melting and precipitation method. Microstructural properties of the CuCl doped glasses were analyzed by optical absorption spectroscopy, acid elution test, TEM, and EDXS. While phase separation did not occur in Glass A~D, interconnected and droplet microstructures due to phase separation were found in Glass E, F and Glass G~I, respectively. In the particular composition of the matrix glasses in this study, the precipitation of the CuCl particles was observed in the phase separable glasses, not in phase non-separable glasses. The CuCl particles were precipitated in both silica-rich phase region and boronrich phase region of the glass matrix. In the case of 7.7Na2O-36.6B2O3-52.7SiO2(mole%) glass, the larger CuCl particles than those in the silica-rich phase region were observed in the boron-rich phase region.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.426-434
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• 1990

Continuous casting of the Al-Cu-Ni ternary eutectic alloys was carried out by the upward continuous casting process. The morphology of the ternary eutectic growth and the stability of solid-liquid interface were investigated under various growth conditions. It was possible to get the planar solid-liquid interface at the condition of $G_L/R＝3.59{\times}10^3^{\circ}C\;sec/mm^2$ in Al-Cu-Ni ternary eutectic alloys. In Al-rich, Ni-rich and Cu-rich hypereutectics of Al-Cu-Ni ternary alloys, primary ${\alpha},\;{\tau}\;and\;{\theta}$ dendrites have grown as the leading phase ahead of the ternary eutectic composites.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2004년도 춘계임시총회 및 제23회 학술대회
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• pp.59-65
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• 2004

동제련 공정중 Smelting에서 SiO2가 없으면 산화에 의한 생성물은 Molten Cu-Fe-O 'Oxysulphide' 와 Solid Magnetite가 된다. 이 생성물은 Cu-rich Liquid와 Cu-dilute Liquid로 분리가 불가능하다. Smelting의 목적이 Cu가 높은 Matte와 산화된 불순물의 효과적인 분리에 있으므로 이와 같은 분리가 불가능한 혼합상태를 분리해 주어야 한다. 이때 SiO2가 첨가되면 Cu-rich 상인 Matte가 FeO-rich상인 Slag로의 분리가 가능해진다. 이러한 의미에서 동제련에 있어서 규사의 성분은 매우 중요하며 현재 재생사를 규사로 대체 사용하고 있다. 한편 실리콘 모노머 합성 공정인 금속 규소와 접촉 물질(Contact Mass, 구리촉매와 조촉매)을 반응시켜 (Si+CH3Cl ${\rightarrow}$ (CH3)2SiCl3) 실리콘 모노머를 생산하는 공정중 반응이 끝난 접촉물질인 구리 폐촉매가 발생되는데 주요성분이 Cu 12%, Si80%로 재생사와 유사하여 동제련에 투입 가능 여부를 판단하기 위하여 각 공정에서의 용융실험을 통하여 결론을 도출하였고, 실 조업 Test를 거쳐 처리하게 되므로 구리 회수 및 폐기물로써의 매립을 중지 할 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1421-1425
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• 1996

Sintered Si3N4 and Inconel composed of Ni(58-63%) Cr(21-25%) Al(1-17%) Mn(<1%) fe(balance) were pressurelessly joined by using Ag-Cu-Ti brazing filler metal at 950℃ and 1200℃ under N2 gas atmosphere of 1atm and their interfacial structures were investigated. In case that the reaction temperature was low as 950℃ its interfacial structure was "Inconel metal/Ti-rich phase layer/brazing filler metal layer/Si3N4 " Ti used as reactive metal existed in between inconel steel and brazing metal and moved to the interface of between brazing filler metal nd Si3N4 according as reaction temperature increased up to 1200℃. The interfacial structure of inconel steel-Si3N4 reacted at 1200℃ was ' inconel metal/Ni-rich phase layer containing of Fe. Cr and Si/Cu-rich phase layer containing of Mn and Si/Si3N4 " Cr Mn, Ni and Fe diffused to the interface of between brazing filler metal and Si3N4 and reacted with Si3N4 The most reactive components of ingredients of inconel metal were Cr and Mn. On the other hand Ti added as reactive components to Ag-Cu eutectic segregated into Ni-rich phase layer,.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2011

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) with intermediate heat treatment was employed to optimize the strength of Cu-15 wt.%Ag. Changes in microstructure, electrical properties and mechanical properties were studied as a function of pressing methods and heat treatment. ECAPed Cu-15wt.%Ag exhibited ultrafine-grained microstructures with the shape and distribution of Ag-rich lamellae dependent on the processing routes. For route A in which the sample was pressed without rotation between each pass, the initial dendrites of Ag-rich phase were elongated along the shear direction and developed into elongated filaments. For route C in which the sample was rotated by 180 degree after each pass, the morphology of initial dendrites of Ag-rich phase was not much modified and the networked structure remained even after 8 passes of ECAP. For route Bc in which the sample was rotated by 90 degree after each pass, the initial dendrites became finer by fragmentation with no pronounced change of the shape and distribution of Ag-rich lamellae. The strength of Cu-15wt.%Ag ECAPed using route Bc was found to be greater than those ECAPed using route A, suggesting that the substructural strengthening is more effective in strengthening than the interface strengthening.