• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.597-606
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• 1994

Oxygen derived radicals($O_2\;^-$, $H_2O_2$, and $OH^-$) are thought to play a role in a lot of human diseases. And it has been believed that antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase could protect the tissues from damage resulting from the oxygen derived free radicals. The purpose of this study was performed to investigate the activity of the SOD(CuZn- and Mn-SOD) and catalase in inflammatory gingival tissues and the correlation between boold glucose level and antioxidants and age in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NI- DDM) patients. For this study, the patients were classified into normal, inflammatory, and diabetic, and ten their papillary bleeding index(PBI) and gingival index were checked. Subjects consisted of 11 healthy patients with no inflammatroy gingiva, 20 adult periodontitis patients, and 8 diabetic patients, aged 33 to 66(average: 44.62). The blood glucose level of diabetic group was ranged from 120ml/dl to 160ml/dl(physical status 0 : averge : 135.67ml/dl). Gingival tissues were surgically obtained from the patients during periodontal surgery, extraction, and clinical corwn lenghening procedure. The activity of CuZn and Mn- SOD and catalase in the gingival tissues was measured by using UV-spectrophotometer by the same methods that Crapo et al. And Aebi did, respectively. The results were as follows : 1. The Mn-SOD activity was significantly lower in inflammatory group in comparison to normal group(P<0.05), and the activities of antioxidants in diabetic group were not significant in comparison to normal inflammatory group(P>0.05). 2. The activities of antioxidants showed little variation among individuals of different ages (P>0.05). 3. The higher blood glucose level was, the higher gingival index was(P<0.05). 4. There was no correlation between blood glucoe level and activity of antioxidant in inflammatory gingival tissues of NIDDM patients(P>0.05). In conclusion, these results, within the limits of the present experiment, suggest that the activity of Mn-SOD might reflect the inflammatory status of gingival tissue, and the activity of antioxidants was independent of blood glucose level of diabetic patients in physical status 0.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2007

This paper is dealing with recent hot issues related with copper toxicity and its criteria, which was caused by a new government policy relocating some industries discharging priority-water quality pollutants from the watershed of Han River to other regions. Author is not interested in arguments between two sides of anti- and pro-policy but would like to go over status of copper pollution and its management and regulatory policy in Korea. From the data of published Research Journals and Reports, it can be concluded that copper is very common metal not only in the effluent from publically owned wastewater treatment plants, but also as a non-point source pollutant in the rainfall runoff. In addition, there have been very few studies personal interests, not by National Fund Basis. In order to enforce a new regulation, national-wide macro and micro-mass balance work of heavy metals should be performed in advance. In particular, background concentration and measurement errors have to be clearly defined before a new standard or criteria is established. The new standard has to be acceptable in terms of the best available technology and cost.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.375-388
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• 1989

건강한 여대생을 대상으로 하여 1일 총 열량은 체중 1kg당 40kcal, 단백질은 체증 1kg당 0.45g (I 단계식이), 0.60g(III 단계식이), 0.75g(II 단계식이), 0.90g(IV 단계식이)의 4가지 수준으로 조정한 식이를 각각 5일간씩 20일간 섭취시키고 구리의 섭취량, 배설량 및 대사를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. I, III, II 와 IV단계 식이내의 구리함유량은 각각 0.86mg, 0.70mg, 1.86mg,과 2.34mg이었다. 2. 소변중의 평균구리배설량은 I, III, II과 IV단계 식이섭취 기간 동안 각각 $0.12{\pm}0.03mg$, $0.16{\pm}0.02mg$, $0.35{\pm}0.08mg$과 $0.11{\pm}0.02mg$ 단백질 섭취량에 따른 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 3. 대변중의 평균 구리배설량은 I, III, II과 IV단계 식이섭취 기간 동안 각각 $1.23{\pm}0.16mg$, $1.28{\pm}0.25mg$, $0.99{\pm}0.01mg$과 $1.85{\pm}0.19mg$으로 4단계별 단백질 섭취량에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 I 단계와 IV 단계 식이섭취 기간 동안 대변중 평균 구리배설량에는 유의적인 차이가 있었다.(p<0.05). 4. 평균 구리 balance는 I, III, II과 IV단계식이섭취 기간 동안 각각 $-0.48{\pm}0.14mg$, $-0.74{\pm}0.26mg$ $0.52{\pm}0.12mg$과 $0.38{\pm}0.20mg$으로 4단계별 단백질 섭취량에 따른 유의적인 변화는 있었으나 I 단계와 IV 단계 식이 섭취시의 평균 구리 balance에는 유의적인 차이가 있었으며(p(0.05), 대변중의 구리배설량과 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다.(p<0.05).

• 생태와환경
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2019

시화호 중금속 오염원을 추적하기 위하여 산업단지 5개 하천에서 하천수와 퇴적물을 채취하여 중금속 분포 특성과 오염도를 평가하였다. 용존 및 입자성 Ni과 Cu는 군자천에서, Zn과 Pb은 정왕천에서, Cd은 시흥천에서 상대적으로 높은 농도를 보이고 있어, 하천에 따라 유출되는 금속 오염원이 다른 것을 알 수 있었다. 하천 퇴적물 내 중금속의 평균농도는 Cu가 $2,549mg\;kg^{-1}$로 가장 높았으며 Cu>Zn>Pb>Cr>Ni>As>Cd>Hg의 농도순이었다. 시흥천에서 As를 제외한 금속원소의 평균농도가 다른 하천에 비해 매우 금속오염도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 전체 하천 퇴적물 조사 정점 중 Cr (57%), Ni (62%), Cu (84%), Zn (60%), Cd (68%), Pb (81%)이 저서생물에 독성이 나타날 가능성이 있는 II 등급이상의 높은 농도였다. 농집지수를 통한 오염도 평가 결과, 하천 퇴적물 내 Cu와 Cd은 extremely polluted, Zn과 Pb은 heavily polluted의 오염상태로 구분되었다. 전체 퇴적물의 59%가 독성이 나타날 가능성이 높아 오염규모 확인이 필요한 "나쁨"의 등급이었으며, 35%의 조사 정점은 중장기적으로 배출시설 관리가 필요한 "매우 나쁨"에 해당되는 오염단계를 보이고 있었다. 하천수와 퇴적물 내 높은 금속 농도와 공간분포 특성을 고려하였을 때 금속오염은 금속의 제조와 사용과 관련된 산업폐수 즉 하천에 직접 유출되는 하수구를 통한 오염임을 알 수 있었다. 시화호의 주요한 금속 오염원은 산업활동에 기인한 높은 농도의 중금속을 포함한 폐수이며, 이 폐수가 지속적으로 하천을 통해 공급되고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.380-385
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• 2005

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mulberry leaf powder supplementation on lead (Pb) status and mineral (Ca, Fe, Cu and Zn) content in Pb-administered rats for 4 weeks. Thirty two male rats were divided into 4 groups: a control, Pb, Pb5M (500 ppm $Pb + 5\%$ mulberry leaf powder), and Pb10M (500 ppm $Pb + 10\%$ mulberry leaf powder). There were no significant differences in food intake and initial body weight among groups. Mulberry leaf powder treatments showed significant decreases in food efficiency ratio and body weight gain. But FER of $Pb5M\%$ and Pb10M were significantly increases than that of Pb group. The levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatinine were decreased by mulberry leaf powder treatment. Minerals content of liver and kidney were significantly decreased in the Pb groups than that of control group. Whereas, fecal minerals content were significantly increased in the Pb5M and Pb10M than those of control group. Pb content of serum, liver and kidney was significantly increased in the Pb group than those of control group. However, by mulberry leaf powder administration (Pb5M and Pb10M), Pb level of serum, liver and kidney were lowered than that of Pb group. And fecal Pb excretion was significantly increased in the Pb5M and Pb10M than that of Pb group. These results showed mulberry leaves were effective for lowing Pb accumulation in serum, organs, which may have potential to prevent Pb toxicity.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.510-520
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• 2021

어류 양식장 퇴적물 중 유기물과 중금속의 오염상태를 파악하기 위하여 통영-거제 연안 어류 양식장 퇴적물 중 총유기탄소(TOC), 총질소(TN), 중금속(As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn)을 조사하였다. 양식장 퇴적물 중 TOC와 TN의 평균농도는 각각 22.7 mg/g과 3.4 mg/g로 남해안의 반폐쇄적인 내만보다 높았다. 퇴적물 중 중금속의 평균농도는 비소(As) 10.5 mg/kg, 카드뮴(Cd) 0.37 mg/kg, 크롬(Cr) 82.9 mg/kg, 구리(Cu) 127 mg/kg, 철(Fe) 4.19 %, 수은(Hg) 0.041 mg/kg, 망간(Mn) 596 mg/kg, 납(Pb) 39.5 mg/kg, 아연(Zn) 175 mg/kg였으며, 이중 Cd, Cu의 농도는 인접한 남동해 연안의 패류양식해역보다 3배 이상 높았다. 퇴적물 기준을 이용한 오염평가 결과, 대부분의 어류 양식장에서 TOC와 중금속 중 Cu 농도가 기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전체 중금속 농도를 고려한 오염부하량지수(PLI)와 생태계위해 도지수(ERI) 결과는 일부 어류 양식장 퇴적물이 저서생물에 극심한 부정적인 생태 영향을 줄 수 있는 상태(disastrous risk)인 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 어류 양식장 퇴적물은 유기물 및 일부 중금속에 의한 오염된 상태를 보이고 있어, 양식장 퇴적환경을 개선하고 퇴적물내 유기물 및 중금속의 주된 오염원을 파악하는 한편 오염부하량을 저감하는 종합적인 관리대책이 필요하다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Recently, there has been prevailing of the combined utilization (CU) with herbs and prescribed drugs in medical therapies in the world. But the information about frequency, efficacy and safety of this CU has not well known in Korea, yet. This study aimed to identify the status of CU by Koreans, and to inquire which side effects of CU represent to those people. A self-completed questionnaire survey was performed through each health examination center in twenty general hospitals and one oriental hospital. Of the initial 2,100 health examinees, 1,851 were participated in this survey, resulting in a response rate of 88.1%. The proportion of CD was 26.3%. The most commonly mentioned reason of CD was 'to promote general health and well-being' (17l persons, 35.5%). The main route of taking CD was self-purchase at drugstore or at herbs market, followed by the prescription of (oriental)physicians. 33.0% (151 persons) of those who took the CD rated it as effective. 93 respondents (19.8%) were experienced several adverse effects including nausea, fatigue, and dizziness. The growing simultaneous use of herbal products and pharmaceutical drugs by Korean consumers may be continuously increased the risk of herb-drug interactions. The medical professionals should be provided with comprehensive and up-to-date information about potential benefits and risks of herbs and prescribed drugs. In the future studies it may be recommended to deal common cold, health promotion, indigestion, headache, and hypertension for the effect and safety of the CD by well-organized prospective study design.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.29-33
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• 2001

The production of Secondary Non-ferrous Metals (SNM) is characterized by low investment, energy consumption and cost, less pollution as well as rather simple technology. In the past years, the SNM industry has seen relevantly rapid progress in China. Especially in the filed of clean hydrometallurgical treatment certain novel technologies for recovery and separation have successfully been elaborated, and a number of medium and small commercial plants established. On the basis of four common metals Cu, Al, Pb, Zn, and Ni, Co, this paper describes the status quo and progress of SNM industry in China, indicating that a lot of work should still be done in salvage of waste metals. It is recommended that measures for collecting and classifying SNM resource should be strengthened and the research on new technologies for scavenging such metals should be supported.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1996

In order to grasp, status of trace metals contained and corelation analysis between cereal and soils, the samples which have been collected from four myeons in Ulju-ku Ulsan-city were 48 for cereal and 48 for soils. The average Hg containing level of samples is 0.006 ppm for cereal and 0.062 ppm for soil, Pb is 0.302 ppm for cereal and 0.885 ppm for soil, and Zn is 7.853 ppm for cereal and 2.366 ppm for soil. Corelation analysis between cereal and soils showed statistical significance for Hg, Pb and Cu, but it didn't show any significance for Cd and Zn.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.372-378
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• 2003

This study investigates the fractional composition and the leaching characteristics of heavy metals in polluted soils due to mining activities. The fractionated composition of heavy metals is classified into five fractions, adsorbed, carbonate, reducible, organic and residual fraction. The status of humic substances in mine wastes of most sites are polyhumic except tailing from Sangdong mine. According to the sequential extraction procedures (SEPs), leaching probabilities of Cd in coal wastes and tailing are relatively low due to high percentage of residual fraction. 46.4% of Ni in tailings from Sangdong mine is probably leached under oxidized environment, and 39.4% of Cu in these tailings is readily extracted under strongly oxidized environment by organic fraction. According to leaching condition of pH 3.0 and pH 5.6, the amount of heavy metals leached out of coal wastes and tailing increases to 1/2 hours. At pH 3.0 and pH 5.6, concentration of Ni in tailing increases up three times of the initial value. Heavy metals released from coal wastes and tailing were not influenced significantly by leaching time.