• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 1997

This experiment was carried out to examine the effect of various functional materials such as bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites supplemented to the each substrate on the seedlings growth of rices. The rice seedlings were grown in pots filled with substrates supplemented with bioceramic podwers, crushed shells and elvanites. The growth of rice seedlings in terms of plant height, stem diameter, root length and leaf width, plant fresh and dry weight was promoted by adding the bioceramic powders (2 to 3g/kg), crushed shells (10g/kg) or elvanites (20 to 40g/kg). Plant height was also promoted by the adding of bioceramic powder from 16 days after treatment, whereas crushed shells and elvanites from 10 days after treatment. Especially, root growth was greatly influenced by bioceramic powder, whereas the shoot growth(leaves and stem) was stimulated by the crushed shells and elvanites supplemented into each substrate. In the field, plant growth in terms of plant height, leaf length and leaf width were also influenced by crushed shells and elvanites at 74 days after treatment. The growth of rices in terms of tiller number, spikelets, panicles and spikelets/panicle was incresed by adding the crushed shells and elvanites from 100 to 200g per m2.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.513-528
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of locally produced organic agricultural by-products to substitute imported organic feeds for organic ruminant farming. Imported organic feeds (corn grain, soybean meal, soybean seed, oat grain, barley grain, wheat grain, buckwheat, sunflower seed meal) and byproducts (rice bran, grape seed meal, rice straw, soybean hull, soybean curd, rice hull, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain) were analyzed for chemical composition and NDF, ADF, mineral, and amino acid contents and anti-nutritional factors. Dry matter, NDF and ADF contents in organic feeds were higher than those in conventional feeds. Especially, the 9.65% fat content of organic soybean meal was 6 times higher than the 1.95% fat content of conventional soybean meal. Fat contents of rice bran, grape seed meal, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain were 25.66, 6.09, 3.57 and 1.59%, respectively. Protein contents of soybean hull and soybean curd were 14.68 and 19.87%, respectively, which are highest among organic by-products. Levels of aflatoxin in all feeds were below the safety level. Therefore, organic rice bran, green kernel rice and crushed rice as energy source, and soybean hull and soybean curd as protein source could partial replace imported feeds for organic ruminant farming.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권spc호
• /
• pp.144-147
• /
• 2011

The main nutritional problem of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor${\times}$Sorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional com silage in moisture content. However organic sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control com silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage of total organic acid (L/T) of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.

• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 1995

Analyses of subsurface drainage effects of farmland with respect to pipe and envelop material are made by the laboratory experiments using soil box to give basic information for the subsurface drainage system planning and design. Three different diameter PVC perforated pipes and a mesh pipe are used with envelop materials such as sand, rice bran, and crushed stone. Steady state subsurface drainage flow rate increased as envelop material changed from sand to rice bran and crushed stone. This indicates that as the hydraulic conductivity of the envelop material increases, the drainage flow rate increases. On the other hand, for a given envelop material, the mesh pipe which has the largest openning area shows the largest flow rate while small diameter PVC pipes show small flow rates. This tells that as the openning area and pipe diameter increase, the flow rate increases, too. Therefore, selection of pipe and envelop material should be made in accordance with the design drainage flow rate. Unsteady state subsurface drainage flow rate with respect to time differs for different envelop material. In case the sand was used as an envelop material, the small diameter PVC pipes show larger flow rates than the large diameter PVC pipe and mesh pipe. When the rice bran was used, the mesh pipe shows the largest flow rate, while small diameter pipes show smaller flow rates. In case the crushed stone was used as an envelop material, the large diameter PVC pipe and mesh pipe show larger flow rates, while small diameter pipes show a little bit smaller flow rates. However, the variation of flow rates among different pipes is the smallest when the crushed stone is used. The flow rate curve with respect to the pipe changes little for the crushed stone envelop which has a large hydraulic conductivity, while that changes much for the sand and rice bran envelops. However, it is difficult to draw a consistent relationship between the drainage flow rate and pipe for all the envelop materials. Since the subsurface drainage experiments are made only under the restricted laboratory condition in this study, further study including field experiment is required.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2010

최근에 청보리 사일리지는 국내에서 가장 많이 이용하는 조사료이지만 유기축산을 위한 유기조사료의 생산과 품질에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 시험은 유기 청보리 사일리지의 적정 수확시기를 구명하고, 사일리지 품질 향상을 위하여 예건과 싸라기를 첨가하여 사일리지를 평가하였다. 시험구 배치는 12처리 3반복의 분할구 배치법으로 주구는 수확시기로 출수기, 유숙기 및 황숙기를 두었으며, 세구는 무처리, 예건, 싸라기 10%, 싸라기 15%를 두었다. 수확시 건물함량은 출수기, 유숙기 및 황숙기가 각각 12.8%, 21.9% 및 29.8%로 증가하였다. 청보리의 건물수량은 출수기, 유숙기 및 황숙기가 각각 10,346, 15,819 및 18,336 kg/ha였으며, TDN 수량은 6,288, 9,550 및 10,178 kg/ha였다. 유기 사일리지의 pH는 출수기, 유숙기 및 황숙기가 각각 4.70, 4.03 및 5.37로 유숙기가 가장 낮았다. 청보리의 수확시기가 늦어짐에 따라 조단백질, 조지방, NFC 및 TDN 함량은 감소하였으나, NDF 및 ADF 함량은 증가하였다. 그러나 조회분 함량은 유숙기가 가장 낮았다. 사일리지의 예건과 싸라기의 첨가는 조회분, NDF 및 ADF 함량을 감소시키고, NFC와 TDN 함량은 증가시켰다. 사일리지의 건물소화율은 수확시기가 늦어짐에 따라 감소하였으며, 예건과 싸라기 첨가에 의하여 건물소화율이 증가하였다. 유숙기가 다른 수확시기보다 젖산과 총유기산 함량은 높고 낙산 함량이 낮아 총유기산 중 젖산함량이 가장 높았다. 예건과 싸라기 첨가에 의한 젖산 함량 증가 효과는 출수기가 다른 수확기보다 효과가 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 유기 청보리 사일리지 제조를 위한 수확적기는 유숙기 이었으며, 예건과 싸라기 첨가에 의하여 청보리 사일리지의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.624-630
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 여러 품종(삼광벼, 설갱벼, 큰눈벼, 화선찰벼, 홍진주벼, 흑광벼, 일품벼, 하이아미 및 녹미벼)의 도정부산물인 미강(쌀겨)과 식미에 나쁜 영향을 주어 이용되지 않는 싸라기에 대한 70% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 성분(polyphenol, flavonoid, vitamin E, $\gamma$-oryzanol)과 항산화 활성(ABTS 라디컬 소거능, DPPH 라디컬 소거능, 환원력)을 비교 분석하여 기능적 가치를 평가함으로써 이용 가능성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 품종별 미강과 싸라기의 항산화성분을 측정한 결과 유색미인 홍진주벼에서 vitamin E(일품벼)를 제외하고는 항산화 성분이 가장 높게 측정되었으며, 더불어 흑광벼에서도 상당한 항산화 성분이 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 싸라기 추출물보다는 미강 추출물에서 높은 함량의 항산화 성분이 분포함을 알 수 있었다. 항산화 활성 측정 결과 항산화 성분이 다량 포함되어 있는 미강추출물에서 높았으며, 그중 홍진주벼 추출물에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 본 연구결과 유색미인 홍진주를 비롯하여 흑광벼의 미강은 기능성식품의 성분으로 활용 가능할 것이며 이를 통한 품종별 쌀의 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.618-624
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to standardize ingredient ratios of wooung kimchi. The ingredient ratios of model wooung kimchiwere determined by the survey in Pusan and Kyungnam province and using the literatures including cooking books. Several kinds of wooung kimchi were prepared by adjusting the ingredient ratios fo the model wooung kimchi within standard deviation. The wooung kimchi with different ingredient ratios were fermented for 6 days at 15$^{\circ}C$. The chemical, microbial and sensory properties of the wooung kimchi were investigated. There was little change in pH but the counts of lactic acid bacteria were decreased, as the ratio of pickled anchovy juice became high. The wooung kimchi adding 9.4% pickled anchovy juice obtained high score in appearance and overall acceptability. The counts of lactic acid bacteria were increased in wooung kimchi adding 5% red pepper powder, and there was obtained better result in appearance, texture and overall acceptability than the other groups. The activity, reducing sugar and counts of lactic acid bacteria were increased, as the ratio of glutinous rice paste became high. The wooung kimchi including 6% glutinous rice paste showed the highest score in overall acceptability. The fermentation process of wooung kimchi accelerated, as the ratio of garlic became high. The wooung kimchi adding 3% garlic showed good appearance and acceptability. In addition to these, the addition of 1.3% ginger ehhanced the appearance, texture and overall acceptability fermented anchovy juice, 5.0% red pepper powder, 6.0% glutinous rice paste, 3.0% crushed garlic and 1.3% crushed ginger.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.134-144
• /
• 2001

돈분과 보조재료로 톱밥, 왕겨 및 파쇄목을 이용한 퇴비화 실험을 수행하여 퇴비화 과정중 이화학적 특성과 미생물상 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험재료로 사용한 돈분의 구성성분은 총질소 2.95%, 인산 2.07%, 칼리 2.07%, 유기물 81.2%, C/N율은 14였다. 보조재료의 무기성분은 모두 유사하였고, C/N율은 톱밥 392, 왕겨 91.5, 파쇄목 266이었다. 톱밥 혼합구의 초기온도는 점차적으로 상승한 반면 왕겨와 파쇄목 혼합구는 초기 온도가 급격히 상승하는 경향을 보였으며 부숙 2개월 후부터 대기온도와 유사하게 안정화 되었다. pH는 초기 1개월 간은 다소 감소하였다가 증가하였고 그 이후 급격히 감소하였다. C/N율은 초기 1개월 동안 급격히 감소하다가 점차적으로 감소하여 안정화 되었다. 총질소는 퇴비화가 진행됨에 따라 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. 암모니아태 질소는 60일 까지 증가하였으며 그 이후 급격히 감소하였다. 미생물상은 퇴비화가 진행됨에 따라 점차적으로 증가하여 90일째 조사결과 왕겨와 파쇄목 혼합구는 호기성 세균, 포자생성 세균, 방선균 및 사상균이 각각 $10^{10}cfu\;g^{-1}$(생체중), $10^7$, $10^8$, $10^6$이상이었고 톱밥 혼합구는 사상균을 제외하고 모든 미생물수가 왕겨와 파쇄목 혼합구보다 적었다. 퇴비화 과정중에 채취한 시료로부터 Bacillus속 균을 분리 동정한 결과 B. lentimorbus, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. megaterium 등이 주로 검출되었다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.114-119
• /
• 1984

볏짚, 클로버 및 고구마 덩굴 silage의 조제(調製) 시(時)에 고구마의 첨가(添加)가 이들 silage의 품질(品質)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 silage 조제시(調製時)에 파쇄(破碎)한 생 고구마를 클로버 및 고구마 덩굴 silage에는 각각(各各) 5~15%, 볏짚 silage에는 10~30%로 첨가(添加)하여 조제(調製)한 후(後)에 완성(完成)된 silage의 일반조성분(一般組成分), 유기산(有機酸) 및 pH를 측정(測定)하여 품질(品質)을 평가(評價)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Silage의 일반(一般) 조성분(組成分) 중(中)에서 수분(水分) 함량(含量)은 고구마덩굴 silage에서, 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 함량(含量)은 클로버 silage에서 그리고 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物)과 조직유(粗織維)의 함량(含量)은 볏짚 silage에서 가장 높았다. 모든 silage에서 고구마의 첨가수준(添加水準)이 높아 질수록 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物)은 증가(增加)되었고 조직유(粗織維)는 감소(減少)되었다. 2. Silage의 총산함량(總酸含量)은 클로버 silage에서 1.96~2.75%로 가장 높았고, 총산(總酸)에 대(對)한 유산(乳酸)의 비율(比率)은 고구마덩굴 silage에서 81~85%로 가장 높았다. 모든 silage에서 고구마의 첨가(添加)수준(水準)이 높을 수록 총산함량(總酸含量)에 대(對)한 유산함량(乳酸含量)의 비율(比率)이 증가(增加)되었다. 3. Silage의 pH는 고구마덩굴 silage에서 4.10~4.20으로 가장 낮았고 볏짚 silage에서 4.75~5.22로 가장 높았다. 모든 silage에서 고구마의 첨가(添加) 수준(水準)이 높을 수록 pH가 낮아졌다. 4. 고구마 첨가시(添加時)에 고구마의 시중가격(市中價格)을 고려(考慮)한다면 고구마덩굴 silage에서는 첨가효과(添加效果)가 크게 기대(期待)되지 않으나 클로버 silage에서는 5%, 볏짚 silage에서는 10% 정도(程度)가 적당(適當)하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.427-438
• /
• 1996

The suitability of female cattle ($Brahman{\times}Holstein$) and buffaloes (Murrah / Jafarabadi) for work on a sugarcane crusher was tested. The animals were fed chopped sugarcane tops and elephant grass supplemented with rice bran and urea-molasses blocks. In experiment 1, six cattle and six buffaloes, (with three animals seven to eight months pregnant at the start of the experiment in each group), worked individually, alternate weeks for 90 minutes a day for 6 d/week. Within the 90 min, cattle did more work than buffaloes (p < 0.05), and non-pregnant animals did more than pregnant animals, but cattle crushed significantly (p < 0.05) more cane per day than buffaloes. During work animals lost weight, but gained the weight back during resting weeks, when fodder intakes were higher. There were no significant differences in live weight change and fodder intakes between pregnant and non-pregnant animals during the six weeks. In experiment 2, four pairs of lactating cows and buffaloes crushed sugarcane for 3 h/d, 6 d/week for three weeks. Work done was higher in cattle than buffaloes, but cane crushed was marginally lower. All animals lost weight during work, particularly in the first week, but gained weight during the week after work. Daily milk yield was lower during the working weeks ($-0.55{\pm}0.15kg$) than in the week before work. Butter fat yield showed no significant change. One buffalo showed ovarian activity and oestrus behaviour during the work. Two cows showed ovarian activity within one month after the work. It was concluded that pregnant and lactating cows and buffaloes can effectively operate a cane crusher, however a temporary reduction in milk yield can be expected in the working period, and ovarian activity may be suppressed.