• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1486-1489
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the influence of walking on crural muscle tone and stiffness in individuals with bilateral pronated foot. This study consisted of 16 healthy male. Subjects were divided into a pronated foot group (n = 8) and a normal foot group (n = 8). The navicular drop test on both foot and muscle tone and stiffness in tibialis anterior muscle, medial gastrocnemius muscle, and peroneus longus muscle of both lower extremities were measured before and after 30 min of walking. In this study, the measured navicular drop test before walking was significantly different between pronated foot group and a normal group(p < .05). After 30 min of walking, significantly, increased medial gastrocnemius muscle stiffness of the non-dominant leg was found in the pronated foot group (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in medial gastrocnemius muscle stiffness between the two groups (p > .05). Based on this study, pronated foot needs to be managed to prevent the abnormally increased medial gastrocnemius muscle stiffness.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of meridian system in oriental medicine and muscular system in western medicine. Methods : Muscles were assigned to meridians by their main functions and the acupoints on them. New mutual relationships between meridians in lower limb were studied based on the muscular function. Results : In gluteal & femoral region, iliopsoas & quadratus femoris are assigned to spleen & stomach meridians, gluteus maximus & hamstrings to urinary bladder & kidney meridians, adductor muscle groups to liver meridian, gluteus medius & minimus & iliotibial tract to gall bladder meridian. In crural region, anterior crural muscles are assigned to stomach meridian, lateral crural muscles to gall bladder meridian, suferficial posterior crural muscles to urinary bladder (& kidney) meridian, deep posterior crural muscles to liver, spleen, kidney meridians. In lower limb, urinary bladder meridian and stomach meridian lead the muscular functions and correspond to each other, while spleen meridian assists stomach meridian, and kidney meridian assists urinary bladder meridian. Conclusions : Muscles may be assigned to meridians by their functions and the acupoints on them. From the view of muscular function, Yang meridians lead Yin meridians in lower limb.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2023

It is unclear whether forearm and crural muscle fibers extend distally across the wrist and ankle joints, respectively. We hypothesized, in late-term fetuses, an over-production of muscle bellies extending over the joint. Muscle fibers in histological sections from unilateral wrists and ankles of 16 late-term fetuses (30-40 weeks) were examined and compared with 15 adult cadavers. Muscle fibers of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) in fetuses, especially muscle bellies to the third and fourth fingers, were found to extend far distally beyond the radiocarpal joint. The extensor digitorum and extensor pollicis longus on the extensor side of the wrist were found to carry distally-extending muscle fibers, but these fibers did not extend beyond the distal end of the radius. In the ankle, most muscle bundles in the flexor hallucis longus (FHL), fibularis brevis (FB) and extensor digitorum longus extended distally beyond the talocrural joint, with most FB muscle fibers reaching the level of the talocalcaneal joint. In adult cadavers, muscle fibers of the FDP and FHL did not reach the levels of the radiocarpal and talocrural joints, respectively, whereas the FB muscle belly always reached the talocalcaneal joint. Similarly, some of the FDS reached the level of the radiocarpal joint. Generally, infants' movements at the wrist and ankle could result in friction injury to over-extended muscle. However, the calcaneal and FDP tendons might protect the FB and FDS tendons, respectively, from friction stress.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2012

본 연구는 족소음경근의 구성요소에 대하여 문헌 해석과 인체의 층별 해부를 통하여 해부학적 관점에서 관찰해 보기 위하여 수행되었다. 그리하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 본 연구 결과 족소음경근의 구성요소와 분석방법에 있어서 기존의 연구와 다소 차이를 보여준다. 2. 족소음경근의 경로와 병증 증상 등을 고려할 때 족소음경근은 근육, 근막, 인대, 그리고 관련 신경을 포함하는 포괄적 개념으로 보인다. 3. 족소음경근의 분포는 경락과 밀접한 관련성이 있으나 일치하지는 않는 것으로 보이며 특히 치골부위 이상의 부위에선 그러할 것으로 사료된다. 4. 이론적으로 MPS와 Anatomy train 같은 가설과는 약간의 차이가 있어 보이며 굳이 관련시켜 생각할 이유가 없다고 생각한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2023

Objective : We aimed to analyze the effectiveness of external neurolysis on the common peroneal nerve (CPN) in patients with posture-induced compressive peroneal neuropathy (PICPNe). Further, we aimed to examine the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing the severity of denervation status and predicting the postoperative prognosis. Methods : We included 13 patients (eight males and five females) with foot drop who underwent CPN decompression between 2018 and 2020. We designed a grading system for assessing the postoperative functional outcome. Additionally, we performed MRI to evaluate the denervation status of the affected musculature and its effect on postoperative recovery. Results : The median time to surgery was 3 months. The median preoperative ankle dorsiflexion and eversion grades were both 3, while the average functional grade was 1. Posterior crural intermuscular septum was the most common cause of nerve compression, followed by deep tendinous fascia and anterior crural intermuscular septum. There was a significant postoperative improvement in the median postoperative ankle dorsiflexion and eversion grades and average postoperative functional (4, 5, and 2.38, respectively). Preoperative ankle eversion was significantly correlated with denervation status. Additionally, the devernation status on MRI was positively correlated with the outcome favorability. However, denervation atrophy led to a less favorable outcome. Conclusion : Among patients with intractable PICPNe despite conservative management, surgical intervention could clinically improve motor function and functional ability. Additionally, MRI examination of the affected muscle could help diagnose CPNe and assess the postoperative prognosis.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was carried out to observe the foot gworeum meridian muscle from a viewpoint of human anatomy on the assumption that the meridian muscle system is basically matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system, and further to support the accurate application of acupuncture in clinical practice. Methods: Meridian points corresponding to the foot gworeum meridian muscle at the body surface were labeled with latex, being based on Korean standard acupuncture point locations. In order to expose components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, the cadaver was then dissected, being respectively divided into superficial, middle, and deep layers while entering more deeply. Results: Anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle in human are composed of muscles, fascia, ligament, nerves, etc. The anatomical components of the foot gworeum meridian muscle in cadaver are as follows: 1. Muscle: Dorsal pedis fascia, crural fascia, flexor digitorum (digit.) longus muscle (m.), soleus m., sartorius m., adductor longus m., and external abdominal oblique m. aponeurosis at the superficial layer, dorsal interosseous m. tendon (tend.), extensor (ext.) hallucis brevis m. tend., ext. hallucis longus m. tend., tibialis anterior m. tend., flexor digit. longus m., and internal abdominal oblique m. at the middle layer, and finally posterior tibialis m., gracilis m. tend., semitendinosus m. tend., semimembranosus m. tend., gastrocnemius m., adductor magnus m. tend., vastus medialis m., adductor brevis m., and intercostal m. at the deep layer. 2. Nerve: Dorsal digital branch (br.) of the deep peroneal nerve (n.), dorsal br. of the proper plantar digital n., medial br. of the deep peroneal n., saphenous n., infrapatellar br. of the saphenous n., cutaneous (cut.) br. of the obturator n., femoral br. of the genitofemoral n., anterior (ant.) cut. br. of the femoral n., ant. cut. br. of the iliohypogastric n., lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and lateral cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the superficial layer, saphenous n., ant. division of the obturator n., post. division of the obturator n., obturator n., ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T11), and ant. cut. br. of the intercostal n. (T6) at the middle layer, and finally tibialis n. and articular br. of tibial n. at the deep layer. Conclusion: The meridian muscle system seemed to be closely matched to the meridian vessel system as a part of the meridian system. This study shows comparative differences from established studies on anatomical components related to the foot gworeum meridian muscle, and also from the methodical aspect of the analytic process. In addition, the human foot gworeum meridian muscle is composed of the proper muscles, and also may include the relevant nerves, but it is as questionable as ever, and we can guess that there are somewhat conceptual differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles in the foot gworeum meridian muscle and those which pass nearby) in human anatomy.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2014

본 논문은 보행의지를 파악하기 위해 IR 센서 기반 보행보조기를 이용하여 보행 시 슬관절 전방변위 측정과 하지의 근육활성도를 고찰하였다. 슬관절 전방변위 측정을 위해 보행보조기에 IR센서를 장착하였고, 근전도 (Bagnoli-8ch, Delsys Inc, USA)장비를 이용하여 대퇴직근, 대퇴이두근, 전경골근, 비복근을 측정 하였다. 실험에 참가한 피험자들은 성인 8명(나이 $23.7{\pm}0.5years$, 신장 $175.4{\pm}2.3cm$, 체중 $70.6{\pm}5.6kg$)이며 매주 30분씩 총 3주간 진행되었다. 보행 시 경사조건과 보행 속도의 증가에 따라서 슬관절 전방변위가 변화되는 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 근육활성도 결과, 전방경사 시 대퇴부 근육의 활성도가 증가하였고 후방경사 시 하퇴부 근육이 많이 활성화 되어 IR센서 결과와 유사한 경향을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.311-327
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on activation of trunk muscles of patients with low back pain. Diaphragmatic breathing may affect activation of trunk muscles. The assumptions are as follows: the crural diaphragm attatches to the lumbar vertebrae from L1 to L3, the voluntary downward pressurization of the diaphragm increases intra-abdominal pressure, and this increases the stiffness of the spine. Diaphragmatic breathing increases intra-abdominal pressure and the increased intra-abdominal pressure may contribute to the lumbar stability. Sixty patients with low back pain were randomly divided into two groups. Experimental group performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise with six breathing positions and control group performed only the breathing positions for five times per week during six weeks. % maximal voluntary contraction(% MVC) of trunk muscles on six breathing positions of experimental and control group was measured according to testing period of pre test, three weeks, and six weeks. The repeated measures of one-way ANOVA were used to analyze % MVC on trunk muscles of experimental and control group according to testing period. The results of this study were as follows: First, % MVC of right and left erector spinae in the right leg extension position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Second, % MVC of right and left erector spinae in all-four positions indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Third, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the sitting position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Fourth, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the standing position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Fifth, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the supine position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). Sixth, % MVC of right and left erector spinae, external oblique in the lying on prone position indicated the statistically significant difference in experimental group which performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise rather than control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, as experimental group performed diaphragmatic breathing exercise according to the period of pre-test, post three weeks, and post six weeks, experimental group showed the greater significant effect on the activation of right, left erector spinae, and external oblique muscle. Diaphragmatic breathing exercise which resulted in activation of trunk muscles can be effective for managing the patients with back pain and should be utilized as the new therapeutic intervention.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.763-768
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• 2001

배경: 식도-위 접합부에 존재하는 고압력대는 위-식도 역류를 예방하는 중요한 역할을 하는데 주로 하부 식도 괄약근이 관여한다. 그러나 하부 식도괄약근이 제거된 환자에서 횡격막 crura가 고압력대로 나타나 괄약양의 역할을 하는 지를 알아보기 위하여 식도 내압을 측정하였다. 대상 및 방법: 식도-위 절제술을 시행받은 환자 22명과 대조군으로 정상 성인 3명을 대상으로 식도 내압을 측정하였다 결과: 대조군은 3명 전원에서, 환자는 22명중 12명에서 고압력대가 나타났는데 Ivor-Lewis법 수술을 시행받은 환자보다는 좌측 개흉을 시행받은 환자에서 많이 나타났다. 고압력대의 위치는 환자군에서 비강으로부터 42.5$\pm$0.9cm로 대조군과 비슷한 위치에서 나타났으나, 길이는 2.13$\pm$0.6cm로 대조군 보다 짧았다. 고압력대의 압력은 station pull-through technique(SPT), rapid pull-through technique(RH)에 의해 측정한 결과 각각 13.78$\pm$1.63mmHg, 28.58$\pm$6.06 mmHg로 대조군 보다낮았으며, 부분적으로 연하에 의해 이완되고(84.4%), 복압증가에 의해 수축하는 양상을 보였다. 결론: 하부 식도 괄약근이 제거된 경우에도 횡격막 crura에 의해 흉복부 접합부에 고압력대가 나타나며, 이 횡격막 crura가 괄약양 역할을 하기 때문에 식도-위 절제술후 손상된 횡격막 crura의 복구를 시행함으로써 위-식도 역류를 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.