• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 1986

밀배아단백질은 Modified Osborne방법에 의해 추출 분리하여 그의 몇가지 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 밀배아의 일반성분 분석중 조단백질 함량은 22.8%로 나타났다. 2. 여러 용매에 의한 단백질 용해도는 종래의 Osborne방법이 45.58%로 가장 낮았고 $H_2O$, 0.5M-NaCl, 70% ethanol, 0.1N-NaOH의 순으로 추출한 경우가 79.49%로 가장 높았다. 3. 분리단백질의 분포는 albumin이 20.22% globulin이 17.49%, gliadin이 42.58%, glutelin이 19.71% 이었다. 4. Regel-filtration에 의해 분리된 단백질의 Chromatogram은 albumin이 2개의 peak(I ; 8.2% II ; 91.8%)로 나타났으며 globulin은 1개의 peak로 나타났다. 5. Ornstein과 Davis의 방법(pH 8.3)으로 전기 영동한 결과 0.5M-NaCl soluble protein은 약 14개의 band로, albumin은 crude가 3개 main albumin이 1개의 균일한 band로 나타났으며 globulin은 crude가 2개의 band, main globulin은 1개의 균일한 band로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.633-638
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• 2007

본 연구는 진도자견에 대한 단백질의 급여 수준이 질소평형에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 단백질 급여 표준 설정을 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다.생후 평균 18~20주령의 진도견 암컷 12두를 대상으로 단백질 수준을 21, 23 및 25%로 설정한 실험사료를 급여하여 체중, 사료섭취량 및 분뇨 배설량을 측정하였다. 일당 증체량은 조단백질 함량 21, 23 및 25%구에서 각각 65.42, 79.58 및 99.17g으로 나타났으며 조단백질 25%구가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 축적된 질소량은 각각 0.74, 0.96 및 1.31g/kgBW.75/ d로 계산되었으며, 25% 조단백질 급여구가 21 및 23% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게(p<0.05) 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 질소섭취량(x, g/d)과 질소축적량(y, g/d)간에 y = -2.519x2 +12.79x-14.79의 회귀식이 도출되었고 매우 높은 상관관계가 인정되었다(R2=0.782, p<0.05). 이 식을 이용하여 계산한 결과 자견의 유지 조단백질 요구량은 11.25g/kg BW0.75/d로 추정되었다.본 연구의 결과는 진도자견의 단백질 요구량을 설정하는데 좋은 기초 자료가 될 것으로 생각되나, 진도견의 단백질 요구량을 최종적으로 설정하기 위해서는 전 생애에 걸쳐서 성별 및 사육환경에 따른 영양소 요구량에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1507-1516
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• 2002

Meat and bone meal is a valuable protein and mineral source in diets of production animals and contributes to the protein, energy and mineral component of diets. The aim of the present study was to more accurately characterise the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meals produced in New Zealand and evaluate routine in vitro assays used in practise to measure meat and bone meal quality. A total of 94 commercial meat and bone meals from 25 New Zealand rendering plants over a two and a half year period were analysed for proximates, gross energy, gross amino acid content (incl. hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine and lanthionine), apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, pepsin nitrogen digestibility, protein solubility and bone content. The mean crude protein content of the 94 meat and bone meal samples was 56.8% with a range of >35% units and a coefficient of variation of 9.8%. The mean crude fat and ash content were 10.0 and 28.4% respectively. These latter components showed a large range (16 and 43%, respectively) with coefficients of variation above 22%. Amino acid digestibility between samples was highly variable with lysine and sulphur amino acids digestibility ranging between 45.8-89.0 and 38.2-85.5%, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients are presented between crude protein content and individual gross amino acids, crude protein content and individual digestible amino acid content, and pepsin N digestibility and individual digestible amino acid content. There was a significant relationship between the digestible amino acid nitrogen content and the crude protein content while pepsin nitrogen digestibility was not correlated to ileal amino acid nitrogen digestibility (r=-0.06). Meat meals with a high protein content had relatively low hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine levels something that was attributed to the levels of collagen from bone. The data indicated that lanthionine (formed upon heat treatment of cysteine with a hydroprotein) is not a good indicator of the heat treatment employed to meat and bone meals. Step-wise multiple regression equations to predict the apparent digestible content of amino acids from rapid in vitro assays are presented. The most selected variables included ash and crude fat content. In general the equations derived for the essential amino acids had a higher degrees of fit (R2) compared to the non-essential amino acids. The R2 for the essential amino acids ranged from 0.43 for histidine and 0.68 for leucine. These equations provide a means of more rapidly estimating the apparent ileal digestible amino acid content (protein quality) of meat and bone meal using standard analyses.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2004

A 25-week feeding trial of two dietary protein (47 and $52\%$) and three dietary lipid level (7, 12 and $17\%$) factorial design with three replications were conducted to determine effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of adult starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), average initial weight 332 g, during the winter season. Survival of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or dietary lipid level. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio improved with dietary protein and lipid levels except for those of fish fed the $52\%$ protein diet with $17\%$ lipid. The best growth and feed utilization were observed in the $52\%$ protein diet with $12\%$ lipid, but were not significantly different from those of fish fed the $52\%$ protein diet with $17\%$ lipid or the $47\%$ protein diets with $17\%$ lipid levels. Hepatosomatic and visceral somatic indexes were significantly influenced by dietary protein level, but not by dietary lipid level. None of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, or glycogen contents of dorsal muscle or liver in starry flounder except for crude lipid in dorsal muscle was significantly influenced by either dietary protein or dietary lipid level. Plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly influenced by both dietary protein and dietary lipid levels. The results of this study suggest that the diets containing $47\%$ protein with $17\%$ lipid or $52\%$ protein with $12-17\%$ lipid are optimal for growth and feed utilization of adult starry flounder under these experimental conditions.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1981

한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)에 대(對)한 단백질(蛋白質)의 요구량(要求量)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 생체종별(生體種別)로 단백질(蛋白質)의 급여수준(給與水準)에 차이(差異)를 두고 질소(窒素)의 축적율(蓄積率)을 측정(測定)하였고 혈청(血淸)의 단백질(蛋白質) 및 요소(尿素)의 함량(含量)을 조사(調査) 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. l. 생후(生後) 8개월령(個月令)의 생체중(生體重) 14kg의 빈산양(牝山羊)에 대(對)하여 무단백질사료(無蛋白質飼料)를 급여(給與)하여 측정(測定)한 내인성요질소량(內因性尿窒素量)은 1일(日) 평균(平均) 1.29g이었으며, 내인성(內因性) 분질소량(糞窒素量)은 1.27g이었다. 따라서 1일(日) 최소(最少) 단백질(蛋白質) 요구량(要求量)은 22g이다. 2. 기온(氣溫)이 영하(零下) $10^{\circ}C$이하(以下)로 하강(下降)할때는 단백질수준(蛋白質水準)을 20%로 급여(給與)하여도 질소축적율(窒素蓄積率)이 부(負)를 나타내므로 energy의 소모량(消耗量)이 많은 것으로 추측(推測)된다. 3. 생체중(生體重) 20kg의 임신(姙娠)한 빈산양(牝山羊)의 질소(窒素) 축적율(蓄積率)은 17~20%로서 성장중(成長中)인 산양(山羊)에 비(比)하여 낮았다. 4. 혈청(血淸)의 단백질(蛋白質) 및 요소함량(尿素含量)은 단백질(蛋白質) 급여수준(給與水準)의 저하(低下)에 따라서 현저(顯著)하게 저하(低下)되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

This study determined the level of fermented soybean meal (FSM) that could be substituted for fish meal in the diet for parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish meal (FM) was used the sole protein source in the control diet. FSM was substituted for 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the fish meal in the experimental diets. The FSM resulted in increased crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash, but decreased crude fiber. The methionine and tryptophan contents in the FSM increased, while lysine and threonine decreased. The 18:2n-6 fatty acid content decreased from 55.30% to 28.67%. Fermentation increased 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) by 2.03% and 15.54%, respectively, although the differences were not significant. Based on growth performance, we concluded that FSM could replace up to 60% of FM for the maximum growth of juvenile parrot fish.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-92
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• 1993

본 시험은 사료의 에너지 및 단백질수준이 육계의 생산성 및 복강지방 축적에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 대사에너지 3수준(2,800, 3,000 및 3,200kcal/kg)과 단백질 3수준(16, 18 및 20%)을 조합한 9개 처리를 두었으며, 처리당 암수 각 39수씩 총 702수를 공시하여 1990년 7월 10일부터 9월 4일까지 8주간에 걸쳐 시험을 실시하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 증체양은 대사에너지수준이 증가할수록 점차 증가하는 경향을 보여 통계적인 유의성이 인정되었으나 (P＜0.05), 대사에너지 2,800kcal/kg과 3,000kcal/kg 또는 3,000kcal/kg과 3,200kcal/kg 수준간에는 유의차가 없었으며, 단백질수준간에도 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. 사료섭취량은 대사에너지 및 단백질수준이 증가할 수록 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적인 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 3. 사료요구율은 대사에너지수준이 증가할수록 현저히 개선되어 고도의 유의성이 인정되었으며(P＜0.01), 단백질수준이 증가할수록 점차 개선되는 경향을 보였으나(P＜0.05), 단백질 18%와 20% 수준간에는 유의차가 없었다. 4. 도체율은 대사에너지 및 단백질수준간에 일정한 경향이나 통계적인 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 5. 복강지방 축적률은 대사에너지수준이 증가할수록 현저히 증가하는 경상을 보였으나(P＜0.01), 대사에너지 2,800㎉/kg과 3,000kcal/kg 또는 3,000kcal/kg과 3,200kcal/kg 수준간에는 유의차가 없었으며, 단백질 15% 18% 수준간에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 단백질 20%수준에서는 현저히 감소하여 고도의 유의성이 인정되었다. (P＜0.01). 6. kg증체당 사료비는 대사에너지수준이 증가할수록 점차 감소하는 경향이었고, 단백질 16% 및 20% 수준에 비해 18%수준에서 약간 감소하는 경향이었으나, 대사에너지 및 단백질 수준간에 통계적인 유의성은 인정되지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.281-285
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• 1996

On farm demonstration of urea treatment (5 kg urea dissolved in 60 litre water/100kg) of straw was performed at 6 different sites and treated straw was stored by three different methods i.e., plastic covered, mud plastered and existing farmers technique (mud plastered on the top and open from sides) to determine the best storage method in field. Untreated and treated samples were taken after 5 week storage period and subjected to crude protein, crude fibre and cell wall constituents analysis. In situ dry matter digestibility of straw was measured by nylon bag technique in buffalo bulls. Crude protein content increased by 100 to 153 percent in treated straw stored by different methods. Maximum increase in crude protein of treated straw was noticed in mud plastered method. Urea treatment of straw resulted in significant decrease in crude fibre contents in all the storage methods. Treatment of straw enhanced the in situ digestibility by 25-49 percent and maximum digestibility (53%) was found in mud plastered storage method. It was concluded that the mud plastered storage method for urea treated straw was found to be the best at farm level.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2008

A $3{\times}2$ factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the proper dietary protein and lipid levels for the growth of sub-adult flounder Paralichthys olivaceus reared during the summer season. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of protein (45%, 50% and 55%) and two levels of lipid (9% and 14%). Duplicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 298 g) were hand-fed to apparent satiation during the summer season ($21.8{\pm}1.7^{\circ}C$) for 60 days. Survival of each group was over 83% and there was not significant difference among all groups. Weight gain of fish fed the 45% protein diet with 14% lipid was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 50% and 55% protein diets with 9% and 14% lipids, but weight gain of fish fed the 45% protein diet with 9% lipid was significantly lower than that of fish fed the 55% protein diets with 14% lipid. Feed efficiency tended to increase with increasing dietary lipid level at each protein levels, although no significant differences were observed at 50% and 55% protein levels. Protein efficiency ratio, daily feed intake, condition factor and hepatosomatic index were not significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Crude lipid content of the liver tended to increase with increasing dietary lipid level at the same protein levels, but the opposite appearance was found for moisture content. The contents of moisture, crude protein and crude lipid of the dorsal muscle were not significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Based on data obtained form this study, inclusion of dietary protein at level of 45% appears sufficient to support optimal growth, and an increase of dietary lipid level from 9% to 14% has beneficial effects on feed utilization of sub-adult flounder during the summer season.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.431-435
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• 2000

In order to develop new materials for the functional feed, the components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was studied. Chemical composition, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids of the seed and the flower of safflower were analyzed. The chemical composition of safflower seed was 3.48% (w/w) moisture, 17.10% crude protein, 30.10% crude fat, 6.11% crude ash and these of safflower flower was 7.47% moisture, 26.30% crude protein, 11.50% crude fat, 5.73% crude ash. Mineral contents of the seed were K 170.70ppm, P 14.82ppm, Ca 13.17ppm, Mg 7.83 ppm whereas these of the flower were K 64.99 ppm, P 49.90 ppm, Ca 10.43ppm. Other mineral contents were less than 7.00ppm in all parts. The composition of the amino acid were approximately as follow, the major amino acid in all parts were aspartic acid, leucine, glycine, and arginine, the contents of these were 12.17mg/g, 11.52mg/g, 8.27mg/g, 6.99mg/g, 4.86mg/g in the seed, 19.35mg/g, 31.67mg/g, 10.30mg/g, 9.06mg/g, 12.51mg/g in the flower, respectively. The mahor fatty acids in the all parts were linoleic acid (C아래첨자). The linoleic acid and the palmitic acid (C아래첨자) in the seed and the flower parts were 77.75% (w/w), 19.32% and 8.37%, 25.62% respectively. On the basis of chemical analysis, the safflower showed to have relatively high contents of crude protein and crude fat, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acid as linoleic acid. These results suggested that safflower was found to be a useful material of natural health food for the functional food development.