• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 1993

Rye stillage was adopted as a substrate for the production of yeast biomass by a thermotolerant yeast Candida rugosa isolated from East Africa. In the batch fermentation, the yield of biomass and crude protein reached 4.9-8.4g/l and 2.2-3.5g/l, respectively, the rate of COD reduction was about 20%. Over 90% amount of main components such as glycerol and lactic acid were assimilated, but protein assimilation reached only to 38-45% of the initial content. Crude protein content of the dry yeast biomass produced was 42-47% and sulfur-containing amino acid was revealed as limiting essential amino acid.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.247-252
• /
• 2002

어육 단백질로부터 가식성 필름을 제조하기 위하여 명태와 고등어로부터 최적 단백질 추출조건을 구명하고, 필름 제조용 용액의 단백질 농도, pH 및 온도가 필름의 물성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 명태의 일반성분 함량은 수분 $79.62\%$, 조단백질 $18.2\%$, 조지방 $0.6\%$, 회분 $1.3\%$였으며, 고등어는 수분 $69.1\%$, 조단백질 $20.1\%$, 조지방 $9.5\%$, 회분 $1.3\%$로서 명태가 고등어에 비하여 수분함량은 높고 조단백질과 조지방 함량은 낮았다. 또한, 황함유 아미노산인 cysteine과 methionine 함량은 명태 771mg/100 g, 고등어 746mg/ 100 g 으로서 이들 아미노산의 비율은 그다지 높지 않았다 명태와 고등어로부터 가용성 단백질의 추출률은 pH 12에서 가장 높았으며. 다음으로 pH 2, 11의 순이었고, 중성부근에서는 추출률이 낮았다. 한편 추출된 가용성 단백질을 등전점 분리시켰을 때, 단백질의 회수율은 명태는 pH 4.8 ($79.8\%$)에서, 고등어는 pH 5.0 ($64.1\%$)에서 가장 높았다. 어육 단백질 필름은 증류수 100mL에 단백질 4g (glycerol 1.6g) 을 첨가하여 pH 10.0로 조정한 다음 $90^{\circ}C$로 가열하여 제조하는 것이 물리적 특성면에서 가장 우수하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.514-521
• /
• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of crude glycerin from waste vegetable oil (CGWVO) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and muscle chemical composition. Methods: Twenty-four crossbred (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) uncastrated male goats ($16.8{\pm}0.46kg$ body weight [BW]) were assigned to a completely randomized design and subjected to four experimental diets containing 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of CGWVO (63.42% of glycerol and 47.78% of crude fat) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets were offered ad libitum as total mixed rations twice daily. The feed intake, feeding behavior, growth performance, carcass and meat traits, and muscle chemical composition were evaluated. Results: Based on this experiment, there were significant differences (p>0.05) among groups regarding DM intake, growth performance, and carcass traits where goats receiving 6% of CGWVO had lower daily DM intake, growth performance, and carcass traits than those fed on 0%, 2%, and 4% of CGWVO. There were no effects of CGWVO on carcass length, carcass width, Longissimus muscle (LM) area, Warner-Bratzler shear force, pH and color of LM at 45 min after slaughter, as well as on other carcass cut and muscle chemical composition. Conclusion: In conclusion, the addition of up to 4% of DM in the diets for crossbred finishing goats seems to be the most interesting strategy, since it promotes greatest animal performance. Moreover, this study was a suitable approach to exploit the use of biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil for goat production.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 옻의 식품사용을 위해서 urushiol의 제거된 추출물을 제조하고 이의 특징을 살펴보았다. 생옻은 물추출에서 3.4mg%의 urushiol이 용출되는 반면 발효옻에서는 용출되지 않았다. 발효옻의 물추출조건은 고형분, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량이 고려되었으며, $100^{\circ}C$에서 6-8시간 추출하는 것이 적정하였다. 발효옻 추출물의 pilot scale 생산에서 추출수율은 5.7%이었다. 추출물은 수분 4.34%, 조지방 1.69%, 조단백질 10.21%, 조회분 15.80%의 일반성분으로 이루어져 있었으며, 3종류의 phenolic acid와 4종류의 flavonoid가 검출되었다. Phenolic acid중에서는 gallic acid(1,090.5 mg%)가 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며, flavonoid중에서는 fisetin(135.7 mg%)의 함량이 가장 높았다. 발효옻 추출물에 존재하는 유리당은 mannitol 3.48%, glycerol 0.19%, glucose 0.19%이었으며, 3,034 ppm의 유리아미노산을 함유하고 있었다. Alanine(244 ppm), serine(231 ppm), leucine(218 ppm)이 주요 유리 아미노산 이었으며, 필수아미노산의 함량은 31.9%이었고 ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid 함량은 122 ppm이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.324-334
• /
• 1995

The actinomycete strain A 11 was antagonistic to plant pathogenic fungi Phytophthora capsid and Magnaporthe grisea. Based on the diaminopimelic acid (DAP) type and morphological characteristics examined by scanning electron microscopy, the strain A 11 was confirmed to belong to the genus Streptomyces. Based on Willcox probability and similarity level, the strain A 11 was numerically identified as Streptomyces flaveus using TAXON program of Ward and Goodfellow. Antibiotic production of S. flaveus strain A 11 was most favorable when cultured on glycerol yeast extract peptone (GYP) agar for 20 days at $28^{\circ}C$. The crude antibiotics from solid GYP agar cultures of the strain A 11 were most effective against Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum among the fungi tested. Antifungal activity of the antibiotics against Alternaria solani, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Cercospora capsici, Magnaporthe grisea, and Rhizoctonia solani was somewhat high, whereas Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum were rarely inhibited even at high concentrations.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권7호
• /
• pp.1303-1315
• /
• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of increasing energy and protein levels in diets by including protected fat (PF), glycerol (GL), and soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, physiological parameters, carcass characteristics, and behavioral measurements of late-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress conditions. Methods: Thirty-six steers (initial body weight, 724.9±58.3 kg; age, 25.5±0.4 month) were assigned into control (total digestible nutrient [TDN] 76%, crude protein [CP] 15%), PF (TDN 83.6%, CP 15%), PF+GL (TDN 83.6%, CP 15%) and PF+GL+SBM (TDN 83.6%, CP 16.5%) by randomized complete block design for a total of 16 weeks with division of 4-week periods. The average temperature-humidity index was 87.0 (1st period; severe), 82.8 (2nd; moderate), 71.4 (3rd; comfort), and 68.1 (4th; comfort). Results: The dry matter intake (DMI) showed no treatments differences during the whole experiment. However, DMI in 1st and 2nd period decreased by approximately 30% and 10% compared to 4th period, respectively. Higher average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were noted for treatments compared to control at both 1st and 2nd period (p<0.05). There were no treatment effects on rectal temperature (RT), cortisol, and behaviors during the entire experiment. However, both RT and cortisol in 0, 1st and 2nd period were higher than those of 3rd and 4th period (p<0.05). Carcass yield and grade remained unaffected by increasing TDN and CP levels. Behavioral changes in the hot season (1st period) included reduced lying (43%), increased standing (48%), decreased walking (62%), and decreased eating (38%) (p<0.05), with an increase in drinking by 54%. Rumination during standing was 53% higher, while rumination during lying was about 33% lower compared to the post-hot season (3rd period) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of protected fat in late-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress had a positive effect on preventing a reduction in performance.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2000

The saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad27, a structure-specific endonuclease for the okazaski fragment maturation has been known to interact genetically and biochemically with Dna2, an essential enzyme for DNA replication. In an attempt to define the significance of the interaction between the two enzymes, we expressed and purified both Dna2 and Rad27 proteins. In this report, Rad27 could not form a complex with Dna2 in the three different analyses. The analyses included glycerol gradient sedimentation, protein-column chromatography, and coinfection of baculoviruses followed by affinity purification. This is in striking contrast to the previous results that used crude extracts. These results suggest that the interaction between the two proteins is not sufficiently stable or indirect, and thus requires an additional protein(s) in order for Rad27 and Dna2 to form a stable physical complex. This result is consistent with our genetic findings that Schizosaccharomyces pombe Dna2 is capable of interacting with several proteins that include two subunits of polymerase $\delta$, DNA ligase I, as well as Fen-1. In addition, we found that the N-terminal modification of Rad27 abolished its enzymatic activity. Thus, as suspected, we found that on the basis of the structure determination, N-terminal methionine indeed plays an important role in the nucleolytic cleavage reaction.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.90-96
• /
• 1983

잠사업(蠶絲業)의 부산물(副産物)인 잠용의 총지질함량(總脂質含量)은 35.37%(건물비(乾物比))로, diethyl ether-extract 34.47%, 85% methanol-extract 0.90%였다. Diethyl ether-extract부분에는 중성지질(中性脂質)이 96.07%, 당지질(糖脂質)이 2.89%, 인지질(燐脂質)이 1.04%였으나, 85% methanol-extract부분에는 중성지질(中性脂質)이 47.36%, 당지질(糖脂質)이 14.56%, 인지질(燐脂質)이 38.09%였다. Diethylether-extract부분의 중성지질(中性脂質)에서는 triglyceride(71.43%), free fatty acid(12.72%) 및 esterified sterol(8.12%)이 주요 구성지질(構成脂質)이었으며, 85% methanol-extract부분의 중성지질(中性脂質)에서는 free fatty acid(38.46%), triglyceride(34.21%) 및 free sterol(11.05%)이 주요 구성지질(構成脂質)이었고 esterified sterol은 존재치 않았다. Diethyl ether-extract에서는 5종류, 85% methanol-extract에서는 8종류의 당지질(糖脂質)이 검출(檢出)되었다. Diethyl ether-extract중의 인지질(燐脂質)은 phosphatidyl glycerol(41.01%), phosphatidyl choline(28.24%) 및 phosphatidyl ethanolamine(21.29%)이 주요구성지질이었으며 phosphatidyl inositol은 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. 85% methanol-extract중의 인지질(燐脂質)은 phosphatidyl glycerol(48.38%), phosphatidyl inositol(22.81%) 및 phosphatidyl choline(17.86%)이 주요 구성지질(構成脂質)이었다. 총지질(總脂質)의 주요 지방산(脂肪酸)은 oleic acid(33.53%), linolenic acid(30.47%) 및 palmitic acid(23.12%)였고, 전체 지방산중 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)은 71.02%였으며 필수지방산(必須脂肪酸)은 35.75%였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.1341-1349
• /
• 2000

젓갈 미생물 계수용 배지의 소금농도를 결정하기 위한 실험에서는 NaCl을 5% 첨가한 배지에서 가장 많은 수의 미생물이 계수되었고, 시료를 보존하기 위한 동결보호제는 glycerol 15%를 사용하였을 때 $-170^{\circ}C$에서 30일 보존 후 총균수는 75.5%, 젖산균수는 61.3%로 가장 높은 생존율을 나타내었다. 조개젓의 숙성과정 중 pH는 초기 6.8에서 5.0으로 낮아졌고, 숙성 후 단백질 함량은 조개젓은 10%, 멸치액젓은 $6{\sim}7%$이었다. 조개젓의 미생물수는 멸치액젓의 미생물수보다 많았고, 조개젓의 경우는 숙성기간에 따라 미생물수가 증가했다가 감소하는 경향을 보여주었으나 멸치액젓은 서서히 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 조개젓의 경우 숙성 4주까지 그램 양성, 카탈라아제 음성 세균들의 비율이 크게 증가하는 전형적인 젖산 발효 형태를 보여주었다. 젓갈을 $-170^{\circ}C$의 액체질소 탱크에서 2년간 보존 후 미생물수는 전체적으로 90% 이상 사멸하였고, 균총 변화를 보면 조개젓의 경우에는 그램 음성 세균과 간균의 생존율이 더 높았으나 거제 멸치액젓의 경우는 간균의 비율이 구균에 비해 감소하였다. 두 가지 젓갈에서 모두 효모의 비율은 크게 떨어졌다.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2024

균사 매트를 글리세롤로 가소화 하여 기호성 코팅을 적용한 개 껌은 기존의 균사 매트의 맛과 향이 모두 개선되어 강아지가 무리 없이 시식하는 결과를 보였다. 향후 개선방향으로 질김 수준을 저하시키기 위해 연육 공정이 포함될 수 있으며, 조섬유 함량을 낮추는 공정도 고려할 수 있다. 환경에 유해하지 않은 친환경 소재 및 공정으로 제조된 균사 매트 기반 개 껌은 물성이 조절되어 출시할 경우 친환경 반려동물용 간식으로써 시장 진입이 가능할 것으로 보인다.