• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2018

This study was conducted to use fundamental data about functional foods based on pigmented rice varieties-2 types of normal rice, 6 types of black rice-to analyze changes in chemical component activity during germination. The results are summarized as follows: Germination rates of the pigmented rice varieties were the highest at $30^{\circ}C$. There was a tendency for crude protein contents to increase under the influence of germination periods, and the crude protein contents were the highest on the $6^{th}$ day. Crude fat contents were the highest on days 6-8. Nevertheless, the crude fat contents in pigmented rice decreased during the first 2 days, and subsequently, the contents increased steadily. Crude fiber contents were the highest on the $8^{th}$ day. However, there was no meaningful tendency. Sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents in the pigmented rice increased during germination. In normal rice, glucose content increased up to the $8^{th}$ day. It was higher than that of brown rice. However, sucrose and fructose contents showed no meaningful tendency. There was a general tendency for GABA, alanine, glutamic acid, asparagine, aspartic acid, and lysine contents in the pigmented rice to increase under the influence of germination periods. Aspartic acid and asparagine contents were shown to decrease, compared with that in pre-germinated normal rice. In all varieties, lysine was detected from the second germination day onwards, and on the $6^{th}$ day after germination, its contents were 6.24 mg/100 g and 15.58 mg/100 g in normal rice and pigmented rice, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.249-254
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• 2013

As part of a study on insects as food, the nutritional and harmful components in the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) were analyzed. In addition, due to a recent introduction of live Chinese mealworms in the Korean market, components between Korean and Chinese mealworms were compared. Analysis of general composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, and carbohydrates) showed that crude protein (50.32~52.79%) was abundant in both Korean and Chinese mealworm powders, with the protein content in the Chinese mealworm powder higher than that in the Korean mealworm powder by 2.67%. The amino acid compositions were similar, but the fatty acid compositions differed in the Korean and Chinese mealworm powders. The unsaturated fatty acid contents were 76.80~80.55% of the total fatty acid content in the mealworms. The linoleic acid contents in the Korean and Chinese mealworms were $20.8{\pm}1.1%$ and $34.69{\pm}1.9%$; the linolenic acid contents were 0.47% and 1.31%; and the oleic acid contents were $51.40{\pm}0.9%$ and $40.20{\pm}1.5%$, respectively. With respect to harmful components, such as heavy metals and bacteria that cause food poisoning, bacteria such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. were not detected in both Korean and Chinese mealworms, and the mercury content was below the standard values for common foods (Korea, 0.03 mg/kg; China, 0.08 mg/kg).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.407-416
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to investigate the feed value of dried aloe leaf meal and the changes of blood values in growing pigs A total of 48 three crossbred pig(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Hampshire) weighing average 25kg initially were randomly distributed into 12 groups of 4 heads(2 females and 2 males) each There groups were alloted on one of the following 3 dietary treatment : non-supplumented diet (control group), diet supplemented with 3% of dried aloe leaf meal(Aloe 3% group), diet supplemented with 6% dried aloe leaf meal(Aloe 6% group). The results obstained in feeding trial for 6 weeks and analysis of blood were summarized as follows : 1. In the chemical composition of dried aloe leaf meal contents of crude protein and crude ash were 9.43% and 15.10%, respectively. Amino acid composition was also inferior to other grain and bran feeds. 2. Daily gain of control, Aloe 3% and 6% groups were 740.5, 658.1 and 197.1 g respectively. Three were significant difference in daily gain among groups( p<0.05) and tended to be decreased with increasing levels of dried aloe leaf meal. 3. Daily feed intake of control, Aloe 3% and Aloe 6% groups were 1,960.5, 1,737.0 and 1,123.0 g, respectively. There were significant differences in daily feed intake among treatments(p<0.05) and tended to be decreased with increasing levels of dried aloe leaf meal. 4. Feed efficiency of control, Aloe 3% and Aloe 6% groups were 2.72, 2.63 and 5.70 respectively. Feed efficiency for pig fed diet supplemented with 3% of dried aloe leaf meal was a little superior to control, although no statistical difference was obstained between two treatments. 5. The digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract and extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher for control group than for Aloe 3% and Aloe 6% groups. But there were no significant differences in digestibility of crude fat and crude fiber between control and Aloe 3% groups. 6. There were no difference between aloe leaf meal administrated groups and control group in blood picture and serum chemistry.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.422-427
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• 2013

The physicochemical properties of raw and black doraji were examined with the goal of increasing the utilization of doraji. Raw and Black doraji contained similar amounts of crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein, but raw doraji had higher level of fiber. Arginine was the major free amino acid in both types of doraji. Free sugar and organic acid contents of doraji increased after steaming heat treatment. Potassium was a prominent mineral in both raw and black doraji, constituting 85% of total minerals. Black doraji contained almost twice as much crude saponin as did raw doraji. Black doraji showed lower values of L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness). The hardness and chewiness of raw doraji were higher than those of black doraji. Black dorai showed a higher amount and extraction rate of saponin, even though nutrient value of doraji slightly decreased after steaming heat treatment. Therefore, black doraji can be a valuable ingredient in functional foods.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.403-408
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• 2004

We studied active substances like crude cell wall components, crude protein, composing amino acids and free amino acids including orinithine cycle-related amino acids such as asparagine, ornithine and citrullin in fully ripe fruits of Korean native squash, Cucurbita moschata Poir. Crude protein content of 'Jeju 2' was the highest with $2,830\;{\mu}g/g$, while 'Sangju' was the lowest with $1,319\;{\mu}g/g$. Regarding the contents of crude cell wall components, fruit 'Kanghaw' was the highest with 2,961 mg% while 'Namhea' was the lowest with 1,582 mg%. Pectin contents of crude cell wall components were the highest in 'Kanghaw' (2,198 mg%) followed by 'Jeju 2' (2,178 mg%) and 'Jeju l' (1,461 mg%). The main contents of amino acids in squash were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine and valine, which comprised to be more than 50% of total amino acid contents. Especially, in 'Jeju 2' aspartic acid and threonine were not detected. In fully ripe fruits, a total of 34 kinds of free amino acids were detected including 8 kinds of essential amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, threonine and valine). More than 50% of the total free amino acids were aspartic acid and asparagine, and also all varieties were detected in ornithine, citrullin, and arginine, which are related to Ornithine cycle. There was a big difference in the contents of arginine in all varieties whereas the contents of ornithine and citrullin were very similar. 'Teaan' 29.34% was 7 times higher than 'Namhea' 4.30% in regards to arginine contents.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

Jeju native sorghum was grown at six spot seeding rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) from April 3 to september 6, 2000 in Jeju island to determine influence of number of seeds per hill in dibbling on agronomic characters, forage yield and qualities. Days to heading was increased as number of seeds per hill was increased. Plant height with three seeds per hill (206.7 cm) was the longest, while with six seeds per hill (175.2 cm) was the shortest. Fresh forage, dry matter and crude protein yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) were the greatest at the three seeds per hill (48.1, 10.1, 0.9, 5.1 MT/ha). Crude protein, crude fat and nitrogen-tree extract (NFE) increased with the number of seeds per hill increased but crude fiber and crude ash decreased.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2000

The chemical components in freeze dried Korean Gastrodia elata blume powder were analyzed. The proximate composition was composed of moisture(2.12%), crude protein (4.41%), crude fat(1.20%), crude ash(2.25%), crude fiber(4.60%) and N-free extract(85.15%). Free sugar was composed of glucose(1,314mg%), sucrose(1,081mg%) and fructose(869mg%). Total organic acid content was 2,095mg% and composed of succinic acid(1,238mg%), citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and fumaric acid in the order. Among the 11 fatty acids detected, linoleic acid was the most predominant one and unsaturated fatty acid was 80.55 area percent. 18 and 39 amino acids were detected from total and free amino acid, respectively. Arginine, asparagine, proline and sarcosine were the major components of free amino acid. The content of crude saponin and total phenol were 3,768mg% and 821mg%, respectively. Ascorbic acid(6.4mg%), vitamin B1(1.2mg%), vitamin B2(1.7mg%) and niacinamide(0.2m%) were detected as soluble vitamins of the powder. The content of vitamin A and vitamin E was 1.22mg% and 0.32%, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2009

This research aims to develop a new drying technology using super-heated steam to reduce the time required for drying ginseng and to enhance its quality. The drying rate of ginseng powder treated with hot-air drying after drying with super-heated steam was about 40% faster than the drying rate of ginseng powder treated with hot-air drying. Minimal difference was found between hot-air drying and hot-air drying after drying with super-heated steam in the general composition of the ginseng powder, such as its crude lipid, crude protein, crude fiber, and ash. Moreover, no difference was found between hot-air drying and hot-air drying after drying with super-heated steam in terms of the ginseng powder's mineral and free sugar contents. The crude saponin contents was 5.43% in the ginseng treated with hot-air drying and 5.4% in the ginseng treated with hot-air drying after drying with super-heated steam. The ginseng powder that was treated with hot-air drying after drying with super-heated steam had a slightly higher redness compared to the ginseng powder that was treated with hot-air drying alone. The number of microorganisms of the ginseng powder treated with hotair drying after drying with super-heated steam showed a reduction of one log cycle in the total bacteria and two log cycles in the yeast molds compared to the ginseng powder treated with hot-air drying alone.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.241-255
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• 1975

This experiment was conducted to observe the effects of fermented feed by Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger on the improvement of feed value and the effect of fermented feed additive for meat production of broiler. The results of fermented feed on the improvement of feed value were as follows; I; The effects of fermented feed value improvement were as follaws; 1) There were little difference between fermented feeds by Asp. oryzae and Asp. niger, compared with wheat bran, crude protein contents of Koji was highly increased and its nitrogen free extract and crude fat contents were decreased, but crude fiber and ash were little difference. 2) Total amino acids were highly increased as to fermented feeds but proline in Asp. niger koji feed, and proline and valine in Asp. oryzae koji feed were decreased and other amino acid were increased 2) The effect of fermented feeds on meat production of broiler were as follows; 1) Fermented feeds groups appeared higher weight (p<0.01)than weight of control on end of experimental period, but little difference were recognized between 5% and 10% fermented feed groups. 2) On the weight gain per day, highly significant were recognized(p<0.05) between control and test groups, 10% Asp. oryzae koji group was highest ($12.15{\pm}0.46g$) between all groups. 3) On the yield of carcass, there were significant highly difference (p<0.01) between control and test groups but little difference were recognized between each of 5% groups and 10% groups of fermented feeds. 4) Fermented feed groups appeared higher carcass yield (p (0<0.05) than control. But between all fermented feed groups were a little difference in partly. 5) On the influence of fowl meat composition, amount of moisture contents was a little decrease in fermented feed groups, and crude protein and crude fat were increased. 6) Feed conversion rate resulted a little amount decreasing. Specially, 10% Asp oryzae koji group was lowest (2.89) compare with control (3.35) 3. As a result of economical analysis appeared highest low income in koji groups. Low income were more gained percent of 40.22 in 10% Asp oryzae koji and 33.19 in 10% Asp. niger koji than control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.439-442
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• 2001

This study has been conducted from April 25, 1999 to June 25, 1999 in Jeju Province in order to determine the influence of seeding date on growth, yield and chemical composition of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Delaying the seeding date from April 25 to June 25 decreased the plant height of Kenaf from 278.5 cm to 205.7 cm. As for the number of leaves, number of withering leaves, number of branches, and stem diameter decreased as the seeding date was delayed. As the seeding date was delayed, fresh forage yield decreased from 98.5MT/㏊ to 45.9MT/㏊, dry matter yield from 20.7MT/㏊ to 8.2MT/㏊, crude protein (CP) yield from 2.9MT/ha to 1.3MT/ha and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield form 1l.6MT/㏊ to 5MT/㏊. However, both leaf yield and stem yield were nearly the same tendency. Delaying the seeding date from April 25 to June 25 increased crude protein contents of leaves from 21.5％ to 24.4％, crude fat contents from 5.2％ to 6.1％, nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents form 39.9％ to 41.2％ and TDN contents from 64.3％ to 69.7％. However, delaying seeding date decreased crude fiber contents from 20.8％ to 17.5％, and crude ash contents from 7.9％ to 7.0％. Based on the these findings, optimum seeding date for forage production of Kenaf seems to be about 25 April in atmospheric phenomena and volcanic ash soils of Jeju island.