• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.845-854
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• 2008

Survey reports of election opinions consist of numerous cross-tabulations between socio-demographic variables and political opinions including preferred candidates. Since socio-demographic variables are related each other, duplicate interpretations arise. The aim of this study is twofold: The first is to separate the effects of socio variables such as education, occupation and income from the effects of demographic variables such as region, sex and age. The second is the visualization of multiple cross-tabulations in low-dimensional space by extended doubling technique of correspondence analysis. Survey researchers may get some help from this study to present their survey results more lucidly and visually.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.815-833
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• 2016

This study investigated children's (grade 3 to 9) responses to assessment items on energy as a cross-cutting concept in order to get basic information for a learning progression. The assessment consisted of 8 ordered multiple-choice items at the contexts of electric circuit, mechanical energy of falling objects, phase change of matter, dissolution, biological phenomena of a lizard, food chain, radiative equilibrium between Sun and Earth, and the system of water cycling. Children's responses to each item were analyzed with using cross-tabulations in terms of grades and item option levels and Wright map and Differential item functioning based on Rasch modeled item response analysis. The results offered empirical evidence of children's development of understanding energy from relation between energy and its phenomena, types of energy, transfer and conversion of energy, towards conservation and equilibrium of energy for all of eight contexts. Children of each grade did not fully understand energy conservation. As grade goes up, their understandings of energy transfer and conversion were differentiated across the contexts and topics of energy. According to Rasch analysis, children had easier understanding of energy on dissolution and poorer understanding of energy on water cycling than that on other contexts. It was discussed and suggested that the results of this study help us organize science topics with regard to energy when developing new national science curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2003

This study was to investigate the needs for the community in the elderly institution and the related factors. The raw data, collected in 2000, from the Study for the Silver Industry in Ulsan were used for the analysis. The sample consisted of 292 elderly aged 65 and over living in Ulsan, and the purpose was accomplished using frequencies, percentages, and chi-squared test with cross-tabulations. The results indicated that the elderly tends to have negative responses to the discriminations by health conditions and sharing the public spaces with neighbors. However it was more likely that the elderly wants to have separate public spaces and facilities by gender. They prefer private residential units rather than public spaces for the meals, baths, and receptions. It was also found that gender, with or without spouse, education level, and economic condition of the elderly have significant effects on the needs for the community in the elderly housing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.272-284
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• 2009

In this paper, we proposed the methodology for analyzing online customer reviews by using text mining technologies. We introduced marketing segmentation into the methodology because it would be efficient and effective to analyze the online customers by grouping them into similar online customers that might include similar opinions and experiences of the customers. That is, the methodology uses categorization and information extraction functions among text mining technologies, matched up with the concept of market segmentation. In particular, the methodology also uses cross-tabulations analysis function which is a kind of traditional statistics analysis functions to derive rigorous results of the analysis. In order to confirm the validity of the methodology, we actually analyzed online customer reviews related with tourism by using the methodology.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6445-6450
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• 2013

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Failure to prevent cervical cancer is partly due to non-participation in regular screening. It is important to plan and develop screening programs directed towards underscreened women. In order to identify the factors associated with underscreening for cervical cancer among women, this study examined Pap test participation and factors associated with not having a time-appropriate (within 3 years) Pap test among a representative sample of women in Ontario, Canada using Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data. Materials and Methods: Univariate analyses, cross-tabulations, and logistic regression modeling were conducted using cross-sectional data from the 2007-2008 CCHS. Analyses were restricted to 13,549 sexually active women aged 18-69 years old living in Ontario, with no history of hysterectomy. Results: Almost 17% of women reported they had not had a time-appropriate Pap test. Not having a time-appropriate Pap test was associated with being 40-69 years old, single, having low education and income, not having a regular doctor, being of Asian (Chinese, South Asian, other Asian) cultural background, less than excellent health, and being a recent immigrant. Conclusions: Results indicate that disparities still exist in terms of who is participating in cervical cancer screening. It is crucial to develop and implement cervical cancer screening programs that not only target the general population, but also those who are less likely to obtain a Pap tests.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the minimization of the social cost due to the insolvency by improving the success rate of the startups by providing useful information to the founders and the start-up support institutions through analysis of non-financial information affecting the failure of the startups. This study is aimed at entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs that are defined by the credit guarantee institutions generally refer to entrepreneurs within 5 years of establishment. The data used in the study are sampled from the companies that were supported by the start-up guarantee from January 2014 to December 2013 as the end of December 2017. The total number of sampled firms is 2,826, 2,267 companies (80.2%), and 559 non-performing companies (19.8%). The non-financial information of the entrepreneur was divided into the entrepreneur characteristics information, the entrepreneur characteristics information, the entrepreneur asset information and the entrepreneur 's credit information, and cross-tabulations and logistic regression analysis were conducted. As a result of cross-tabulations, univariate analysis showed that personal credit rating, presence in the industry, presence of residential housing, presence of employees, and presence of financial statements were selected as significant variables. As a result of the logistic regression analysis, three variables such as personal credit rating, occupation in the industry, and presence of residential house were found to be important factors affecting the failure of founding companies. This result shows the importance of entrepreneur 's personal credibility and experience and entrepreneur' s assets in business management. The start-up support institutions should reflect these results in the entrepreneur 's credit evaluation system, and the entrepreneurs need training on the importance of the personal credit and the management plan in the entrepreneurial education. The results of this analysis will contribute to the minimization of the incapacity of startups by providing useful non-financial information to founders and start-up support organizations.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.44-51
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to present the design guidelines of residential unit for the elderly by investigating their needs and preferences. The results of this study will be utilized to develop the alternative elderly housing which is appropriate for the Korean culture. To perform an empirical analysis, the existing data collected in 2000 for the study of silver industry In Ulsan were used. The subjects were 292 elderly aged 65 and over living in Ulsan. Statistics employed for the analysis were frequencies, percentage, and Chi-squared test with cross-tabulations. About 70% of the elderly respondents preferred more than 49.5$m^2$(15-pyung) for the size of residential unit and about 50% of them wanted to have bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and living room In the unit. Most elderly (72%) did not prefer to select interior finishes for their units by themselves. Surprisingly, the elderly did not want to bring their own furniture when relocating to the elderly housing, which was somewhat different result from previous studies. There were significant differences between preferred unit size and level of education, income, and living with or without spouse. Also, income and health status were the characteristics of elderly which made differences in preferred space composition.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the effect of routine suctioning at a nursery for healthy newborns who have undergone immediate oronasopharyngeal bulb suctioning after birth in a delivery room through the observation of their oxygen saturation level, heart rate, respiration rate, the vomiting sign, and the number of instances of vomiting. Methods: Data were collected for 62 days from March 15 to May 15, 2009 at the nursery of a hospital located in Seoul. One hundred forty newborns were assigned to one of three groups: a no suction group, an oropharyngeal suction group, or a orogastric suction group. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 15.0 program using ANOVA, cross tabulations and an independent 2-sample t-test. Results: Routine suctioning to healthy newborns resulted in decreasing oxygen saturation levels and increasing the heart and respiration rate regardless of the kind of suctioning. Stabilization of the oxygen saturation level and vital signs was also observed without suctioning. Conclusion: To prevent healthy newborns from the side effect of suctioning, selective suctioning is recommended.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2013

This study categorizes online fashion shopping malls according to consumer store patronage behavior as well as classifies consumer groups by online shopping mall patronage to understand the unique characteristics in each phases of purchase. A quantitative survey was conducted using 487 questionnaires from women in their 20s and 30s. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, cross-tabulations, factor analysis, T-test, ANOVA, cluster analysis, and ${\chi}^2$-test. The findings of this study are as follows. First, online shopping malls were classified into three types of 'integrated mall', 'open market' and 'specialized fashion mall'. Second, based on one of the three types of categorization consumer groups patronizing each type turned out as follows: integrated mall patrons (141, 28.95%), open market patrons (226, 46.41%) and the specialized mall patrons (119, 24.64%). Third, the characteristics of each group had significant differences according to clothing shopping orientation, information search, shopping mall behavior, spending on online shopping, and e-loyalty.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 2018

This study aims to find gender differences in inpatients' privacy and stress concerns in multi-bed hospital room. In the literature review, we consider the characteristics of multi-bed hospital room and patients' privacy as a psychological environment factor. In the survey research, the questionnaires were used to understand the inpatients' general characteristics and privacy requirements. A total of 109 copies were analyzed through a cross-tabulations and T-test using the SPSS 18.0. Results and conclusions are as follows: (1) In the case of multi-bed room patients, there were some gender differences in privacy and stress, but the differences were limited. (2) There is a difference in the patient 's preference of the hospital room according to gender, and this is related to the privacy characteristic. (3) The social communication and strolling are commonly effective stress relief methods for both men and women, so space is needed to do this methods. The meaning of this study is to specify the privacy and stress of the inpatients in multi-bed patients' room.