• 제목/요약/키워드: Cross-sections

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사행 자연수로에서의 3차원 흐름 모의 (3D Flow Simulation in the Meandering Natural Channel)

  • 손민우;백경오;김상욱
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.1661-1665
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    • 2006
  • 실제 자연하천은 사행의 외측과 내측에 따라서 하도의 단면형이 변화한다. 일반적으로 만곡부의 외측은 수심이 깊어지고, 내측은 얕게 된다. 사행에 따른 이러한 단면의 횡단적 변화는 베타분포에 의해서 설명될 수 있다. 본 연구의 흐름 모의는 주흐름과 이차류의 양상을 살피는 것을 주목적으로 하여, 3차원 수치모의 되었다. 흐름의 3차원 모의는 범용 프로그램인 FLOW-3D 모형을 이용하여 이루어졌으며, LES 방법을 사용하였다. 베타 분포를 이용한 자연수로의 횡단형에 모르타르, 자갈, 식생 등으로 하상이 피복되어 있는 상태를 가정하여 조고를 대입하고, 유량과 수위가 다른 조건에서 3차원 흐름모의를 실시하고, 그 결과를 이용하여 수로내의 주흐름도, 이차류의 형태 등을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 수로에서의 주흐름은 만곡부의 정점을 약간 지난 지점에서 가장 만곡부 외측으로 치우치는 특성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이차류의 경우에는 흐름이 만곡부 외측 하상 근처에서 회전하고, 이 부근에서의 유속이 가장 큰 값을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 하상 및 저수호안의 재료가 만곡부 외측에서 침식되어 만곡부 내측에서 퇴적되는 현상을 이해할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

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임의 형상의 윤곽선 시퀀스 정보로부터 형상 특징의 효율적인 연산 방법 (An Efficient Shape-Feature Computing Method from Boundary Sequences of Arbitrary Shapes)

  • 김성옥;김동규;김민환
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.255-262
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    • 2002
  • 윤곽선 시퀀스는 임의 형상을 간단하면서도 정확하게 표현할 수 있는 좋은 표현법이 될 수 있다. 그러나, 형상을 구성하는 화소로부터 쉽게 구할 수 있는 면적, 무게중심, 오리엔테이션 방향, 투영 히스토그램 등과 같은 형상 특징들을 윤곽선 시퀀스로부터 직접 구하기는 어렵기 때문에, 윤곽선 시퀀스를 임의 형상에 대한 표현법으로 잘 사용하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 형상 내부의 연속된 화소들로 구성된 수직(또는 수평)의 라인 세그먼트를 의미하는 크로스 섹션 개념을 이용하여, 윤곽선 시퀀스로부터 형상 특징들을 쉽게 구할 수 있음을 보인다. 윤곽선 시퀀스를 한번 순차적으로 탐색함으로써 크로스 섹션을 효율적으로 구할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 또한, 이진 영상으로부터 여러 형상의 윤곽선 시퀀스를 자동으로 추출할 수 있는 효율적인 방법도 함께 제안한다. 제안된 방법들은 형상 내부에 홀(hole)이 있는 경우에도 적용할 수 있다. 결과적으로, 윤곽선 시퀀스가 임의 형상 영역에 대한 매우 효과적인 표현이 될 수 있음을 밝힌다.

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점적관개용 디스크 여과기의 디스크 홈 단면 형상에 따른 수두 손실 특성 분석 (Analysis of Disk Filter Head Losses due to the Shapes of Disk Grooves in Drip Irrigation System)

  • 정승연;최원;최진용;김마가;이윤희
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제60권2호
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    • pp.25-36
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    • 2018
  • Drip irrigation system is a low energy cost method which can efficiently save and supply water by dropping water slowly on the crop's root zone during crop growth. In the drip irrigation system, disk filters take an important role to physically remove impurity (inorganic and suspended organic) particles present in agricultural water which can cause emitter clogging. For the purpose, both top-and-bottom surfaces of the disk are grooved in micron size flowing from outside to inside. However, many congested flow paths in disk filter media incur higher head loss of inflow water resulting in relatively decreasing velocities depending on operation time than sand and mesh filters. Therefore, it is important to optimize the structure of disk filter in micro irrigation system. The head loss of disk filter media takes also charge of more than 60 % of total head loss in whole disk filter. This study is to find the appropriate cross-sectional shape of the disk groove to minimize the head loss by executing the experiment. The experiment used three disk filters that have similar filter body but have a half-elliptic and two kinds of triangular cross sections. The experimental results showed that the disk filter with half-elliptic cross sections of disk grooves have less head loss than the disk filter with regular triangular one.

다양한 경계조건을 갖는 복합적층판의 간편한 고유진동수 해석방법 (A Simple Method of Obtaining Exact Values of the Natural Frequencies of Vibration for Some Composite Laminated Structures with Various Boundary Condition)

  • 원치문
    • 한국강구조학회 논문집
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2002
  • 거더와 가로보를 포함하는 많은 교량시스템과 콘크리트 상판은 특별직교이방성 판처럼 거동한다. 그런데 Navier나 Levy의 해로 해결할 수 없는 경계조건을 가졌거나, 불규칙 단면을 가진 경에에 해석해를 얻기 것이 매우 어렵다. 더구나 이러한 경우, 고유치 문제에 대한 수치해법은 너무 복잡하다. 그러나 불규칙 단면을 갖는 보와 탑에 대해, 첫 번째 진동모드에 해당하는 고유진동수를 계산하는 방법이 1974년 '김'에 의해 개발되어 발표되었다. 최근에 이 방법은 2차원 문제로 확장되었고 전단변형이 고려된 복합판에 적용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 이 방법을 다양한 경계조건을 갖는 특별직교이방성 복합적층판에 적용하여 타당성을 검토하고 그 해석결과를 제시한다.

복합재료로 만들어진 단순지지 샌드위치 슬래브 교량의 파괴강도해석 (Failure Strength Analysis of Simply Supported Sandwich Slab Bridges made by Composite Materials)

  • 한봉구;김세원
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.77-84
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    • 2007
  • 본 논문에서는 복합재료로 만들어진 단순지지된 샌드위치 슬래브 교량의 설계 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 거더나 가로보를 포함한 대부분의 교량시스템에서 교량 상판은 특별직교이방성판으로 거동한다. 이러한 단면을 갖는 시스템은 Navier 해법이나 Levy 해법 형태와는 다른 경계조건 또는 불규칙한 단면을 갖게 되어 해석적 해법을 얻기가 쉽지 않다. 이러한 문제를 해석하기 위하여 유한차분법이 이용되었다. 복합재료로 이루어진 교량을 설계하기위하여, 단면은 가장 경제적이면서 응력에 유리한 폼코어 형태를 채택하였고, 응력을 산출함에 있어서는 유한차분법 프로그램을 이용하였다. 복합신소재 특수기술자의 실험을 기초로 질량이 증가에 따른 파이버의 인장강도 감소를 나타내는 공식을 도출하였다. 이 공식으로부터 치수 증가에 따른 인장강도 감소량을 구 할 수 있다. 파괴강도는 Tasi-Wu의 파괴강도이론을 이용하였다. 파괴강도해석은 본 논문에서 제시하고 있는 인장강도의 감소를 고려하여 제시하였다.

A numerical model for the long-term service analysis of steel-concrete composite beams regarding construction stages: Case study

  • Marcela P. Miranda;Jorge L. P. Tamayo;Inacio B. Morsch
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제52권2호
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    • pp.199-215
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    • 2024
  • The Caynarachi Bridge is a 130 m long posttensioned steel-concrete composite bridge built in Peru. The structural performance of this bridge under construction loads is reviewed in this paper using numerical simulation. Hence, a numerical model using shell finite elements to trace its deformational behavior at service conditions is proposed. The geometry and boundary conditions of the superstructure are updated according to the construction schedule. Firstly, the adequacy of the proposed model is validated with the field measurements obtained from the static truck load test. Secondly, the study of other scenarios less explored in research are performed to investigate the effect of some variables on bridge performance such as time effects, sequence of execution of concrete slabs and type of supports conditions at the abutments. The obtained results show that the original sequence of execution of the superstructure better behaves mechanically in relation to the other studied scenarios, yielding smaller stresses at critical cross sections with staging. It is also demonstrated that an improper slab staging may lead to more critical stresses at the studied cross sections and that casting the concrete slab at the negative moment regions first can lead to an optimal design. Also, the long-term displacements can be accurately predicted using an equivalent composite resistance cross section defined by a steel to concrete modulus ratio equal to three. This article gives some insights into the potential shortcomings or advantages of the original design through high-fidelity finite element simulations and reinforces the understating of posttensioned composite bridges with staging.

Imperfections in thin-walled steel profiles with modified cross-sectional shapes - Current state of knowledge and preliminary studies

  • Aleksandra M. Pawlak;Tomasz A. Gorny;Michal Plust;Piotr Paczos;Jakub Kasprzak
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제52권3호
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    • pp.327-341
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    • 2024
  • This paper is the first in a series of articles dealing with the study and analysis of imperfections in thin-walled, cold-formed steel sections with modified cross-sectional shapes. A study was conducted, using 3D scanning techniques, to determine the most vulnerable geometric imperfections in the profiles. Based on a review of the literature, it has been determined that few researchers are studying thin-walled sections with modified cross-sectional shapes. Each additional bend in the section potentially generates geometric imperfections. Geometric imperfections significantly affect the resistance to loss of stability, which is crucial when analyzing thin-walled structures. In addition, the most critical locations along the length where these imperfections occur were determined. Based on the study, it was found that geometric imperfections cause a reduction in critical load. It should be noted that the tests performed are preliminary studies, based on which a program of further research will be developed. In addition, the article presents the current state of knowledge in the authors' field of interest. The future objective is to ascertain if these imperfections could potentially contribute positively to structural integrity. This enhanced understanding may pave the way for novel methodologies in structural engineering, wherein imperfections are viewed not solely as flaws but also as elements that could enhance the end product.

Local buckling and shift of effective centroid of cold-formed steel columns

  • Young, Ben
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • 제5권2_3호
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    • pp.235-246
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    • 2005
  • Local buckling is a major consideration in the design of thin-walled cold-formed steel sections. The main effect of local buckling in plate elements under longitudinal compressive stresses is to cause a redistribution of the stresses in which the greatest portion of the load is carried near the supporting edges of the plate junctions. The redistribution produces increased stresses near the plate junctions and high bending stresses as a result of plate flexure, leading to ultimate loads below the squash load of the section. In singly symmetric cross-sections, the redistribution of longitudinal stress caused by local buckling also produces a shift of the line of action of internal force (shift of effective centroid). The fundamentally different effects of local buckling on the behaviour of pin-ended and fixed-ended singly symmetric columns lead to inconsistencies in traditional design approaches. The paper describes local buckling and shift of effective centroid of thin-walled cold-formed steel channel columns. Tests of channel columns have been described. The experimental local buckling loads were compared with the theoretical local buckling loads obtained using an elastic finite strip buckling analysis. The shift of the effective centroid was also compared with the shift predicted using the Australian/New Zealand and American specifications for cold-formed steel structures.

Design and homogenization of metal sandwich tubes with prismatic cores

  • Zhang, Kai;Deng, Zichen;Ouyang, Huajiang;Zhou, Jiaxi
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.439-454
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    • 2013
  • Hollow cylindrical tubes with a prismatic sandwich lining designed to replace the solid cross-sections are studied in this paper. The sections are divided by a number of revolving periodic unit cells and three topologies of unit cells (Square, Triangle and Kagome) are proposed. Some types of multiple-topology designed materials are also studied. The feasibility and accuracy of a homogenization method for obtaining the equivalent parameters are investigated. As the curved elements of a unit cell are represented by straight elements in the method and the ratios of the lengths of the curved elements to the lengths of the straight elements vary with the changing number of unit cells, some errors may be introduced. The frequencies of the first five modes and responses of the complete and equivalent models under an internal static pressure and an internal step pressure are compared for investigating the scope of applications of the method. The lower bounds and upper bounds of the number of Square, Triangular and Kagome cells in the sections are obtained. It is shown that treating the multiple-topology designed materials as a separate-layer structure is more accurate than treating the structure as a whole.

Design feasibility of double-skinned composite tubular wind turbine tower

  • Han, Taek Hee;Park, Young Hyun;Won, Deokhee;Lee, Joo-Ha
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.727-753
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    • 2015
  • A double-skinned composite tubular (DSCT) wind power tower was suggested and automatic section design software was developed. The developed software adopted the nonlinear material model and the nonlinear column model. If the outer diameter, material properties and design capacities of a DSCT wind power tower are given, the developed software performs axial force-bending moment interaction analyses for hundreds of sections of the tower and suggests ten optimized cross-sectional designs. In this study, 80 sections of DSCT wind power towers were designed for 3.6 MW and 5.0 MW turbines. Moreover, the performances of the 80 designed sections were analyzed with and without considerations of large displacement effect. In designing and analyzing them, the material nonlinearity and the confining effect of concrete were considered. The comparison of the analysis results showed the moment capacity loss of the wind power tower by the mass of the turbine is significant and the large displacement effect should be considered for the safe design of the wind power tower.