• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.185-200
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• 2007

Tubular construction is widely used in a range of civil and structural engineering applications. To date, the principal product range has comprised square, rectangular and circular hollow sections. However, hot-rolled structural steel elliptical hollow sections have been recently introduced and offer further choice to engineers and architects. Currently though, a lack of fundamental structural performance data and verified structural design guidance is inhibiting uptake. Of fundamental importance to structural metallic design is the concept of cross-section classification. This paper proposes slenderness parameters and a system of cross-section classification limits for elliptical hollow sections, developed on the basis of laboratory tests and numerical simulations. Four classes of cross-sections, namely Class 1 to 4 have been defined with limiting slenderness values. For the special case of elliptical hollow sections with an aspect ratio of unity, consistency with the slenderness limits for circular hollow sections in Eurocode 3 has been achieved. The proposed system of cross-section classification underpins the development of further design guidance for elliptical hollow sections.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-92
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• 2012

The effect of element interaction and material nonlinearity on the ultimate capacity of stainless steel plated cross-sections is investigated in this paper. The focus of the research lies in cross-sections failing by local buckling; member instabilities, distortional buckling and interactions thereof with local buckling are not considered. The cross-sections investigated include rectangular hollow sections (RHS), I sections and parallel flange channels (PFC). Based on previous finite element investigations of structural stainless steel stub columns, parametric studies were conducted and the ultimate capacity of the aforementioned cross-sections with a range of element slendernesses and aspect ratios has been obtained. Various design methods, including the effective width approach, the direct strength method (DSM), the continuous strength method (CSM) and a design method based on regression analysis, which accounts for element interaction, were assessed on the basis of the numerical results, and the relative merits and weaknesses of each design approach have been highlighted. Element interaction has been shown to be significant for slender cross-sections, whilst the behaviour of stocky cross-sections is more strongly influenced by the material strain-hardening characteristics. A modification to the continuous strength method has been proposed to allow for the effect of element interaction, which leads to more reliable ultimate capacity predictions. Comparisons with available test data have also been made to demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of the proposed method and its suitability for the treatment of local buckling in stainless steel cross-sections.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.4026-4031
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• 2023

In this article, we report a new empirical formula for quick calculation of cross sections of (n, α) reactions with 14-15 MeV neutrons. Cross sections are analysed in terms of the compound nucleus model. A systematic trend for 14-15 MeV neutrons is found in the variation of (n, α) reaction cross sections with the parameters (N - Z + 1), (E_n + Q)^0.5 and N/Z. The empirical relation between the cross sections and these parameters has been obtained, which give fairly good fits with the experimental data. We have also investigated the odd-even effects on (n, α) cross sections considering binding energy systematic of the shell model. The present formula is very useful in predicting of the (n, α) cross sections, where the measurements are not available as well as in testing new experimental data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2010

Absolute electron-impact cross sections for molecular targets including their radicals are important in developing plasma reactors and testing various plasma processing gases. However, low-energy electron collision data for these gases are sparse and only the limited cross section data are available. In this presentation, the methods and the status of measurements of, mainly, absolute elastic cross sections for electron-polyatomic molecule collisions will be discussed with recent results from Chungnam National University. Elastic cross sections are essential for the absolute scale conversion of inelastic cross sections, as well as for testing computational methods.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-141
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• 2022

In this paper, a numerical procedure is proposed for achieving the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete polygonal column cross-sections under compression and biaxial bending. A methodology is developed to integrate the metaheuristic algorithm Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) with an algorithm for the evaluation of the strength of reinforced concrete cross-sections under combined axial load and biaxial bending, according to the design criteria of Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 6118:2014. The objective function formulation takes into account the costs of concrete, reinforcement, and formwork. The cross-section dimensions, the number and diameter of rebar and the concrete strength are taken as discrete design variables. This methodology is applied to polygonal cross-sections, such as rectangular sections, rectangular hollow sections, and L-shaped cross-sections. To evaluate the efficiency of the methodology, the optimal solutions obtained were compared to results reported by other authors using conventional methods or alternative optimization techniques. An additional study investigates the effect on final costs for an alternative parametrization of rebar positioning on the cross-section. The proposed optimization method proved to be efficient in the search for optimal solutions, presenting consistent results that confirm the importance of using optimization techniques in the design of reinforced concrete structures.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

PURPOSES: This paper aims to give a guideline and the way to apply the advanced composite materials theory to the road structures with different cross sections to the practicing engineers. METHODS: To simple but exact method of calculating natural frequencies corresponding to the modes of vibration of road structures with different cross sections and arbitrary boundary conditions. The effect of the $D_{22}$ stiffness on the natural frequency is rigorously investigated. RESULTS: Simple method of vibration analysis for calculating the natural frequency of the different cross sections is presented. CONCLUSIONS: Simple method of vibration analysis for calculating the natural frequency of the different cross sections is presented. This method is a simple but exact method of calculating natural frequencies of the road structures with different cross sections. This method is extended to be applied to two dimensional problems including composite laminated road structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.221-238
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• 2016

One of the objectives of this study is to implement the direct calculation of the torsional moment of inertia for non-circular cross-sections, which is based on the St. Venant torsion formulation and the finite element method. Recently the proposed method provides a unique calculation of the torsional rigidity of simply and multiply connected cross-sections. Next, free vibration analyses of cylindrical and non-cylindrical helices with non-circular cross-sections are solved by a curved two-nodded mixed finite element based on the Timoshenko beam theory. Some thin-thick closed or open sections are handled and the natural frequencies of cylindrical and non-cylindrical helices are compared with the literature and the commercial finite element program SAP2000.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.170-175
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• 2019

Displacement cross-sections for an advanced assessment of radiation damage rates were obtained for a number of materials using the arc-dpa model at neutron incident energies from $10^{-5}eV$ to 10 GeV. Evaluated data files, CEM03 and ECIS codes, and an approximate approach were applied for the calculation of recoil energy distributions in neutron induced reactions. Three sets of displacement cross-sections based on the use of low-energy data from JEFF-3.3, ENDF/B-VIII.0, and JENDL-4.0u were prepared. Files contain also cross-sections calculated using the standard NRT model. Special efforts were made to estimate the uncertainty of obtained displacement cross-sections.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.2474-2482
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• 2023

The development of fast reactors with complex designs and operation status requires more accurate and effective simulation. The Monte-Carlo method can generate multi-group cross-sections in arbitrary geometry without approximation on resonances treatment and leads to good results in combination with diffusion codes. However, in previous studies, the coupling of Monte-Carlo generated multi-group cross-sections (MC-MGXS) and transport solvers has shown relatively large biases in fast reactor problems. In this paper, the main contribution to the biases is proved to be the neglect of the angle-dependence of the total cross-sections. The flux-moment homogenization technique (MHT) is proposed to take into account this dependence. In this method, the angular dependence is attributed to the transfer cross-sections, keeping an independent form for the total sections. For the MET-1000 benchmark, the multi-group transport simulation results with MC-MGXS generated with MHT are improved by 700 pcm and an additional 120 pcm with higher order scattering. The factors that cause the residual bias are discussed. The core power distribution bias is also significantly reduced when MHT is used. It proves that the MCMGXS with MHT can be applicable with transport solvers in fast reactor analysis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 2001

The neutron cross sections of $^{160}$ Dy, $^{161}$ Dy, $^{162}$ Dy, $^{l63}$Dy, and $^{164}$ Dy have been evaluated in the resonance region of which upper energy is set to several tens of keV. The cross sections are formulated with resonance parameters in the energy region under consideration. In the resolved resonance region, the positive-energy resonance parameters were adopted from the BNL compilation published in 1984 with slight, if any, modifications. A bound level resonance for each isotope except $^{162}$ Dy was invoked to reproduce the reference 2200 m/s cross sections and the bound coherent scattering length. Subsequently, the statistical behavior of the resolved resonance parameters was analyzed, and thus obtained s-wave average parameters were adopted in the unresolved resonance region. In addition, recent measurements of the capture cross sections in the unresolved region were taken into account in adjusting the average resonance parameters for high orbital angular momentum resonances. The present evaluation resulted in large improvements in the cross sections over the ENDF/B-Vl release 6.6.