• 비교문화연구
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• 제32권
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• pp.5-28
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• 2013

In this paper, a style-based approach to translating literary texts is introduced and used. The aim of the study is to work out a stylistic approach to translating literary texts from Arabic into English. The approach proposed in the current study is a combination of four major stylistic approaches, namely linguistic stylistics, literary stylistics, affective stylistics and cognitive stylistics. It has been shown from data analysis that by adopting a style-based approach that can draw from the four stylistic approaches, translators, as special text readers, can easily derive a better understanding and appreciation of texts, in particular literary texts. Further, it has been shown that stylistics as an approach is objective in terms of drawing evidence from the text to support the argument for the important stylistic features and their functions. However, it loses some of its objectivity and becomes dependent and subjective.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.225-240
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• 2010

Soon after joining the Canadian Confederation in 1867, the province of Quebec adopted the phrase Je me souviens ("As I recall") as its 'national' motto, although many Qu?b?cois do not remember today what they were supposed to memorize, as collective subject, when their government voted this motion. My thesis is that contrary to other countries which have a strong sense of history based on a secular tradition, this process was more complicated in Quebec - as if a collective memory loss lied at the heart of it's history. Through a rereading of Hubert Aquin's cult novel, Trou de m?moire (in its English translation Blackout), first published in 1968, I try to illustrate this paradox and to emphasize the heuristic functions of memory blanks, gaps and lapses in certain postmodern narratives, after the historical breakdown of "the great narratives" (Lyotard). In this perspective, the example of Quebec, through the voice of one of its more gifted yet controversial novelist, can be seen as emblematic of what happens when the mnemonic impossibility of rewriting history opens up new possibilities for writing fiction.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제45권
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• pp.109-143
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• 2016

본 연구는 번역된 텍스트들에 전형적으로 나타나는 언어적 특성들인 번역 보편소(translation universals)에 관한 코퍼스 기반 연구이다. 지금까지의 번역 보편소 연구는 언어계통상 서로 밀접한 관련이 있는 영어와 다른 유럽어 사이의 번역에 집중되어 왔으며, 다른 한편으로 주로 문학 장르의 분석에 치중되어 있다는 아쉬움을 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 관련 연구가 지닌 이러한 두 가지 주요 문제점을 보완하고자 하는 노력의 일환으로 한국어를 원문으로 하는 영어 번역 가운데 비문학 장르인 신문언어 텍스트를 분석대상으로 선택하였다. 먼저, 번역된 신문영어 텍스트와 비번역 신문영어 텍스트를 정해진 기준에 따라 수집하여 번역과 비번역 영어(translated and non-translated English)로 구성된 대응코퍼스(comparable corpora)를 구축하였다. 이렇게 구축된 대응 코퍼스를 바탕으로 기존 문헌에서 논의된 번역 보편소 가설 가운데 가장 대표적인 단순화(simplification), 명시화(explicitation), 규범화(normalization), 평준화(leveling-out) 현상이 한국어 신문의 영어 번역 텍스트에서 어떠한 양상을 보이는지 살펴봄으로써 각 가설들이 지니는 타당성을 검증해보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 종합해보면, 단순화와 규범화를 제외한 나머지 하위가설의 언어적 특성들은 모든 언어쌍과 모든 텍스트 장르에 걸쳐 일반화하기에 다소 한계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 번역 보편소의 개념 규정이나 분석지표의 정교화, 그리고 결과의 일반화에는 신중한 접근이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1013-1034
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• 2009

The space of the Other assumes the space of Barthes's multiplicity and Foucault's transdiscursive position, and, therefore, aims at becoming the locus in which the speaking subject and the hearing subjects are supposed to communicate and constitute as if they were situated in the pscychoanalytic session. However, the wall of untranslatibility across language and cultures still exist there in the space of the Other in the form of trauma and aggressivity, as Lacan demonstrate perceptively through the reading of Kant avec Sade. In short, Lacan regards the moral commandment (to love one's neighbor as oneself) as the obstacle in the Freud's myth of transgression, and interprets this in terms of the emergence of the Other. Freud understands that the aggressivity in the subject's own heart was inherent in all humans, and that one's neighbor would be evil. Lacan goes beyond Freud and articulates that the aggressivity in the imaginary relation with the Other in the mirror stage insures that an evil inheres in the very being of humanity. A global phenomenon of the diasporic identities and hybridity, the phenomenon which has been represented by the complicated intermixture of terms which span from diaspora, postcolonialism, postnationalism. and transnationalism can be clarified, if they are put in the context of the ethics of Othering or becoming the Other. The ethics of Othering presupposes the situation in which the diasporic subjects encounter the lack of the cross-cultural negotiation and communication. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the poetics of Other and the logic of the ethics of Othering can explain the postmodern or transmodern world which has become deterritorialized, diasporic, and transnational as well as how one can encounter the results of diasporic and postcolonial double consciousness, a consciousness which is a discursive category for multicultural or cross-cultural, focusing on the concept of liminality/interstitiality

• 비교문화연구
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• 제46권
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• pp.113-142
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• 2017

이 논문은 조선시대 기록문헌인 "한국문집총간", "조선왕조실록", "일성록", "승정원일기"(이상은 한국고전번역원 한국고전종합DB를 활용함) 등을 대상으로 김치 관련 어휘를 확보하여 용례를 검출하고 문화사적으로 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 기존의 김치 관련 문헌자료는 일부 요리 전문서에 국한되었으나 본 연구에서는 기존의 국한성을 극복하고 종합적이면서도 체계적인 접근을 시도하였다. 조선시대 고문헌은 주로 한문 고문으로 기록되어 가독성이 떨어지며, 자료 확보 이후에 번역 작업에 많은 시간과 공력이 필요할 것으로 예상된다. 이에 필자는 이 부분에 중점을 두어 연구를 추진하였다. 그 다음으로는 이상의 자료들을 주제별, 문헌 출처별 분류를 진행하여 조선시대 김치문화의 문화원형을 재구성하였다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제46권
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• pp.327-353
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• 2017

본고는 근대소설 "こころ"안에서 사용된 'くれる類' 동사가 번역가에 의해 재생산될 때 나타날 수 있는 번역 양상을 '표현주체와 상대에 따른 사용'과 '이동대상'에 초점을 두어 분석했다. '표현주체와 상대에 따른 사용'은 다음과 같다. 'くれる類' 동사의 사전적 어휘용법에 머무르지 않고 장면에 따라 번역되었다. 그런데 '주는 자'가 손위의 인물일 때 사용된 'くれる'에 대한 한국어 역은 '주는 자'가 부모라면 전부는 아니지만 가급적 그 행위를 높여서 번역하는 경향이 보였다. 정중도에 대한 영어 역의 차이는 'くれる類' 동사가 부탁 의뢰 명령과 같은 용법으로 사용될 때 나타났는데, 'くれる'보다 'くださる' 쪽에서 'please'의 사용이 보였다. '이동대상'에 따른 번역 양상은 다음과 같다. 본동사로 사용될 때의 한국어 역은 'くれる' 'くださる'에 대응하는 '주다' '주시다'로 번역되었지만, 영어 역은 이동대상의 특징에 따라 번역 어휘가 다양했으며 구체화된 행위의 표현으로 번역되었다. 보조동사로 사용될 때의 한국어 역과 영어 역은 행위의 이동 이외에 사물의 이동이 포함되었는지 아닌지에 따라 번역 어휘가 다르게 나타났다. 한국어 역은 구체적인 사물과 더불어 행위의 이동이 있을 때는 '-주다' '-달라' '-주시다' 등과 같은 수익을 나타내는 번역이 우세했다. 추상적인 사항과 함께 행위의 이동이 있을 때와 이동 대상에 행위만 있을 때의 한국어 역은 수익을 나타내는 번역도 있었지만, 전항동사의 행위로 번역된 예도 보였다. 영어 역은 구체적인 사물 및 추상적인 사항이 포함된 행위의 이동이 있을 때나 행위의 이동만 있을 때도 전항 동사의 행위로 번역된 예가 우세했다. 부탁 의뢰를 나타내는 표현에 한국어 역은 '-달라' '-주세요'와 같이 'くれる'와 'くださる'에 대응하는 번역이 있었던 반면, 영어 역은 'must' 'ask' 'wish' 'would' 'would like to' 'please'와 같이 문 구조나 언어기능 항목에 초점을 두어 행위를 구체화 시키는 번역이 중심을 이뤘다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.475-488
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• 2011

Purpose: The aims of the study were to develop and to establish reliability in Korean versions of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(KWHODAS 2.0): 12 item-self(12-self) and 12 item-interviewer(12-interviewer) versions. Methods: KWHODAS 2.0: 12-item versions were developed in idiomatic modern Korean with a process involving independent translation, synthesis of the translations, independent back translation, and review by an expert committee to achieve equivalence with the original English. 88 participants were included in the study. 33 of participants filled the 12-self version twice to examine test-retest reliability and 55 of participants were assessed simultaneously by four interviewers using the 12-interviewer version. Intra-rater reliability was evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) and inter-rater reliability was evaluated using both the ICC and k statistic. Results: Test-retest reliability for the 12-self version was excellent with $ICC_{(2,1)}$ value ranged from 0.94(CI 0.88-0.98) to 0.96(CI 0.90-0.98). Inter-rater reliability for the 12-interviewer version showed excellent agreement with $ICC_{(2,1)}$ from 0.94(CI 0.91-0.96) to 1(CI 1.0-1.0). K value was observed from 0.95 to 1. Conclusion: KWHODAS 2.0: 12-self and 12-interviewer versions were successfully translated and both scales showed excellent reliability. It is now suitable for use in clinical and research applications.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Sine a self-reported questionnaire for hearing-impaired listeners is not available by Malay language yet, it is important to develop or translate any available existing questionnaires. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adult (HHIA) to be used by the audiologist among the hearing-impaired population in Malaysia. Subjects and Methods: The HHIAs was translated to Malay language using forward-backward translation techniques by four-panellists (two for each level). The translated HHIA was then reconciled and harmonized for cultural aspects and content of the questionnaire by the researchers and two expert panels before being pilot-tested among 10 hearing-impaired patients. Questionnaire validation was conducted among 80 adults with a hearing loss to calculate for Cronbach's α (internal reliability), Spearman's correlation (inter-item correlation) and factor analysis. Results: None of the translated items were removed from the scale. The overall Cronbach's α was 0.964; 0.927 and 0.934 for both social and emotional subscales, respectively. The factor analysis (force-concept inventory) demonstrated a two-structure with a strong correlation between all items in either component 1 or 2, that resembled the original scale. The Mann-Whitney test revealed significantly higher scores for those adults with a hearing loss than those adults with normal hearing. Conclusions: The Malay HHIA has been successfully translated and validated for the purpose of determining the psychosocial aspects of adults with hearing loss in the local population.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Sine a self-reported questionnaire for hearing-impaired listeners is not available by Malay language yet, it is important to develop or translate any available existing questionnaires. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adult (HHIA) to be used by the audiologist among the hearing-impaired population in Malaysia. Subjects and Methods: The HHIAs was translated to Malay language using forward-backward translation techniques by four-panellists (two for each level). The translated HHIA was then reconciled and harmonized for cultural aspects and content of the questionnaire by the researchers and two expert panels before being pilot-tested among 10 hearing-impaired patients. Questionnaire validation was conducted among 80 adults with a hearing loss to calculate for Cronbach's α (internal reliability), Spearman's correlation (inter-item correlation) and factor analysis. Results: None of the translated items were removed from the scale. The overall Cronbach's α was 0.964; 0.927 and 0.934 for both social and emotional subscales, respectively. The factor analysis (force-concept inventory) demonstrated a two-structure with a strong correlation between all items in either component 1 or 2, that resembled the original scale. The Mann-Whitney test revealed significantly higher scores for those adults with a hearing loss than those adults with normal hearing. Conclusions: The Malay HHIA has been successfully translated and validated for the purpose of determining the psychosocial aspects of adults with hearing loss in the local population.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.223-277
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• 2011

Tan Yuanjie(譚元杰) of CHINA COSTUME ART OF PEKING OPERA("中國京劇服裝圖譜") is 'Foreword' attention from the bar 'Formalism'. A note is makeup system from ever performances here, 'what kind of adaptation must be a corresponding type of costume should be worn.' This stance to 'type of person's identity and faced the scene correlated' with the actual performance tradition plays out is going and, while here the rules to capture the opera's on the character of 'identity and the circumstances under clothing' is defined. This position discussed previously 'Formalism' in line with the will he perform, and looks to meet the elements of production. This basic stance is clean up, while 'Old Beijing Opera costumes costumes taxonomy largely' literary costume' and 'militant outfit' into two groups divided over throughout steamroll surgery, because surely need to have a more systematic classification. The classification system was established as 'Part 1. Mang, Part 2. Pi, Part 3. Xi, Part 4. Kao, Part 5. YI'. In addition to these classification systems, as well as the aforementioned 'object theory' Given the symbolic significance of the capacity to keep in mind is necessary. Costumes conduct, character, situation, atmosphere and so the transport of charged symbols here, a target symbol of the system is the projection of water. This costume is detrimental to the mall for the positionsay, but I kept in mind damwongeolyi internationalization of Chinese culture. when you see the view from the perspective of semiotic systems for the sign, that the theater is necessary to complement. In this paper, 'Yi(衣)' costume on the corresponding point of the target compared to the China Culture Department of Theatre and Folklore methodology ran off and sprinting was to lay the groundwork for research.