• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1110-1118
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• 2018

Objective: This study was intended to identify genes positively selected in Thoroughbred horses (THBs) that potentially contribute to their running performances. Methods: The genomes of THB and Jeju horses (JH, Korean native horse) were compared to identify genes positively selected in THB. We performed cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and cross-population composite likelihood ratio test (XP-CLR) statistical methods for our analysis using whole genome resequencing data of 14 THB and 6 JH. Results: We identified 98 (XP-EHH) and 200 (XP-CLR) genes that are under positive selection in THB. Gene enrichment analysis identified 72 gene ontology biological process (GO BP) terms. The genes and GO BP terms explained some of THB's characteristics such as immunity, energy metabolism and eye size and function related to running performances. GO BP terms that play key roles in several cell signaling mechanisms, which affected ocular size and visual functions were identified. GO BP term Eye photoreceptor cell differentiation is among the terms annotated presumed to affect eye size. Conclusion: Our analysis revealed some positively selected candidate genes in THB related to their racing performances. The genes detected are related to the immunity, ocular size and function, and energy metabolism.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.1871-1885
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• 2019

The deterministic MOC code STREAM of the Computational Reactor Physics and Experiment (CORE) laboratory of Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), was initially designed for the calculation of pressurized water reactor two- and three-dimensional assemblies and cores. Since fast reactors play an important role in the generation-IV concept, it was decided that the code should be upgraded for the analysis of fast neutron spectrum reactors. This paper presents a coupled code - TULIP/STREAM, developed for the fast reactor assembly and core calculations. The TULIP code produces self-shielded multi-group cross-sections using a one-dimensional cylindrical model. The generated cross-section library is used in the STREAM code which solves eigenvalue problems for a two-dimensional assembly and a multi-assembly whole reactor core. Multiplication factors and steady-state power distributions were compared with the reference solutions obtained by the continuous energy Monte-Carlo code MCS. With the developed code, a sensitivity study of the number of energy groups, the order of anisotropic P_N scattering, and the multi-group cross-section generation model was performed on the k_eff and power distribution. The 2D core simulation calculations show that the TULIP/STREAM code gives a k_eff error smaller than 200 pcm and the root mean square errors of the pin-wise power distributions within 2%.

• International journal of steel structures
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1723-1740
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• 2018

This paper presents a Finite Element (FE) study on Lean Duplex Stainless Steel stub column with built-up sections subjected to pure axial compression with column web spacing varied at different position across the column flanges. The thicknesses of the steel sections were from 2 to 7 mm to encompass a range of section slenderness. The aim is to study and compare the strength and deformation capacities as well as the failure modes of the built-up stub columns. The FE results have been compared with the un-factored design strengths predicted through EN1993-1-4 (2006) + A1 (2015) and ASCE8-02 standards, Continuous Strength Method (CSM) and Direct Strength Method (DSM). The results showed that the design rules generally under predict the bearing capacities of the specimens. It's been observed that the CSM method offers improved mean resistance and reduced scatter for both classes of cross-sections (i.e. slender and stocky sections) compared to the EN1993-1-4 (2006) + A1 (2015) and ASCE 8-02 design rules which are known to be conservative for stocky cross-sections.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2023

Sarcopenia and myosteatosis can increase the risk of adverse effects in dogs and humans. However, such imaging study results for evaluating sarcopenia and myosteatosis in small dogs have not yet been available. The objective of this study was to assess age-related changes according to the breed in epaxial muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat infiltration using CT to evaluate sarcopenia and age-related myosteatosis in small breed dogs. In 144 dogs (92 Maltese dogs, 27 Poodle dogs, and 25 Shih Tzu dogs), Hounsfield Unit (HU) values and CSA of left epaxial muscle were measured at the thirteenth thoracic vertebral level on non-contrast transverse CT images. Differences in HU values and CSA according to age and breed were analyzed. The geriatric group (≥12 years) had significantly lower HU values of epaxial muscle than mature adult group (2 to 6 years) of all breeds. The geriatric group had significantly lower CSA of epaxial muscle than mature adult and senior groups (7 to 11 years) of Maltese dogs. HU values of epaxial muscle were not significantly different among all age groups of all breeds. Maltese dogs had significantly lower CSA of epaxial muscle than Poodle and Shih Tzu dogs in all age groups. Results of this study showed that as age increased in small breed dogs, muscle mass and density decreased.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.395-408
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• 2020

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have gained much attention as eco-friendly energy conversion devices without emission of environmental pollutant. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) that can transfer proton from anode to cathode and also prevent fuel cross-over has been regarded as a key component of PEMFCs. Although perfluorinated polymer membranes such as Nafion® were already commercialized in PEMFCs, their high cost and toxic byproduct generated by degradation have still limited the wide spread of PEMFCs. To overcome these issues, development of hydrocarbon based PEMs have been studied. Incorporation of cross-linked structure into the hydrocarbon based PEM system has been reported to fabricate the PEMs showing both high proton conductivity and outstanding physicochemical stability. This study focused on the various cross-linking strategies to the preparation of cross-linked PEMs based on hydrocarbon polymers with ion conducting groups for application in PEMFCs.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2010

This study presents a modified scheme for the radar image simulation of sea waves. A simulated radar image was obtained by taking into account the dot product of the directed vector from the radar and the normal vector of the sea surface. Moreover, to calculate the radar image, we used the radar received power and radar cross section. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, the wave spectrum from field data was utilized to obtain the simulated sea waves. The radar image was simulated using numerically generated sea waves. The wave statistics from the simulation agrees comparatively with those of the original field data acquired by real radar measurements.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.83-95
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• 2009

This study investigated the differences in the effects of the perception of the internet fashion shopping mall characteristics on satisfaction and loyalty of internet fashion shopping mall between Korean and American college students. Questionnaires were administered to 251 Korean and 221 American college students. The results were as follows. First, service and product diversity had significant effects on satisfaction of internet fashion shopping mall in both group, while convenience had a significant impact on satisfaction of internet fashion shopping mall in American group. Second, service, product diversity, and promotion had significant influences on repurchase intention of internet fashion shopping mall in Korean consumer group, while service and reliability, product diversity, and convenience had significant effects on repurchase intention of internet fashion shopping mall in American consumer group. Third, service had a significant effect on recommendation intention in Korean group, while service and reliability and product diversity had significant influences on recommendation intention in American group.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

A computational study for the optimal design of heat exchangers (HX) used in a high temperature and high pressure system is presented. Two types of air to air HX are considered in this study. One is a single-pass cross-flow type with straight plain tubes and the other is a two-pass cross-counter flow type with plain U-tubes. These two types of HX have the staggered arrangement of tubes. The design models are formulated using the number of transfer units ($\varepsilon$-NTU method) and optimized using a genetic algorithm. In order to design compact light weight HX with the minimum pressure loss and the maximum heat exchange rate, the weight of HX core is chosen as the object function. Dimensions and tube pitch ratio of a HX are used as design variables. Demanded performance such as the pressure loss (${\Delta}P$) and the temperature drop (${\Delta}T$) are used as constraints. The performance of HX is discussed and their optimal designs are presented with an investigation of the effect of design variables and constraints.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.1 s.21
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• pp.1-6
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• 1977

The physicochemical equivalencies of drugs are not usually correlate to the generic equivalencies of drugs and the generic equivalencies of drugs produced by different manufacturers or different formulations are being called in question frequently. The bioabailability of two formulations of oxytetracycline and erythromycin stearate were performed in healthy human volunteers. At the same time, the disintegration testes were performed with randomly sampled materials in question. For the biological evaluation of new oxytetracycline formulation; tablet(250mg), two-way cross over study in 10 healthy young volunteers was performed using oxytetracycline capsule (250mg) as reference, Erythromycin stearate (250mg) tablets and capsules produced by different manufacturers were compared in a two-way cross over study in 12 subjects with same manner of oxytetracyclines. oxytetracycline tablets showed somewhat slow disintegration rate, but appeared not statistical differences in serum concentrations from the reference, up to six hours after ingestion. Erythromycin stearate capsules disintegrated more rapidly than enteric coated tablets. Serum concentrations of capsules were more variable and markedly lower (P<.005 after 2hrs) than the enteric coated tablets. Rapid disintegration of capsules may result in destruction of active chemicals owing to the interaction with gastric acid and the above factor may contribute mainly to the low serum level after ingestion of capsules.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.4 no.1_2 s.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 1996

Directional sedimentary structures (channel structure, cross stratification, and current ripple) were observed in fine to gravelly ye.y coarse sandstones of the Cretaceous Mayans Group (lljig, Hupyeongdong, and Jeomgok formations) in the northeastern part of Euiseong subbasin of Kyongsang basin, Southeast Korea. Large and small scale channel structures are common in all formations. Trough cross-stratification and channel structure frequently occur in the lljig formation (proximal fluvial deposit), whereas planar cross- stratification, cross lamination, and current ripple occur abundantly in the Hupyeongdong and Jeomgok formations (distal braided fluvial to marginal lacustrine deposits). The paleocurrent directions inferred from a statistical analysis of total 43 directional sedimentary structures show a mean azimuth of $290^{\circ}C$ with a standard deviation of $\pm68$. It suggests that the main flow of the paleocurrents moved toward the WNW direction and the source area of the sediments would be located somewhere in the ESE direction beyond the study area.