• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1539-1548
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• 2017

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly causes fatal infections in cystic fibrosis and burn patients as well as in patients who are hospitalized or have impaired immune systems. P. aeruginosa infections are difficult to treat owing to the high resistance of the pathogen to conventional antibiotics. Despite several efforts, no effective prophylactic vaccines against P. aeruginosa are currently available. In this study, we investigated the activity of the CIA06 adjuvant system, which is composed of alum and de-O-acylated lipooligosaccharide, on a P. aeruginosa outer membrane protein (OMP) antigen vaccine in mice. The results indicated that CIA06 significantly increased the antigen-specific IgG titers and opsonophagocytic activity of immune sera against P. aeruginosa. In addition, the antibodies induced by the CIA06-adjuvanted vaccine exhibited higher cross-reactivity with heterologous P. aeruginosa strains. Finally, mice immunized with the CIA06-adjuvanted vaccine were effectively protected from lethal P. aeruginosa challenge. Based on these data, we suggest that the CIA06 adjuvant system might be used to promote the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1115-1122
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate biomechanical properties of the cornea using a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer according to age. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, participants underwent ophthalmic investigations including corneal biomechanical properties, keratometric values, intraocular pressure (IOP), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE). We determined the relationship of biomechanical parameters and ocular/systemic variables (participant's age, MRSE, IOP, and mean keratometric values) by piecewise regression analysis, association of biomechanical parameters with variables by Spearman's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses, and reference intervals (RI) by the bootstrap method. Results: This study included 217 eyes of 118 participants (20-81 years of age). Piecewise regression analysis between Corvis-central corneal thickness (CCT) and participant's age revealed that the optimal cut-off value of age was 45 years. No clear breakpoints were detected between the corneal biomechanical parameters and MRSE, IOP, and mean keratometric values. Corneal velocity, deformation amplitude, radius, maximal concave power, Corvis-CCT, and Corvis-IOP exhibited correlations with IOP, regardless of age (all ages, 20-44 years, and over 44 years). With smaller deformation amplitude and corneal velocity as well as increased CorvisIOP and Corvis-CCT, IOP became significantly increased. We provided the results of determination of confidence interval from RI data using bootstrap method in three separate age groups (all ages, 20-44 years, and over 44 years). Conclusion: We demonstrated multiple corneal biomechanical parameters according to age, and reported that the corneal biomechanical parameters are influenced by IOP.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2021

Mooring systems are among the most important elements employed to control the motion of floating offshore structures on the sea. Considering the use of polymer material, a new method is proposed to address the creep characteristics rather than the method of using a tension load cell for measuring the tension of the mooring line. This study uses a synthetic mooring rope made from a polymer material, which usually consists of three parts: center, eye, and splice, and which makes a joint for two successive ropes. We integrate the optical sensor into the synthetic mooring ropes to measure the rope tension. The different structure of the mooring line in the longitudinal direction can be used to measure the loads with the entire mooring configuration in series, which can be defined as SMART (Smart Mooring and Riser Truncation) mooring. To determine the characteristics of the basic SMART mooring, a SMART mooring with a diameter of 3 mm made of three different polymer materials is observed to change the wavelength that responds as the length changes. By performing the longitudinal tension experiment using three different SMART moorings, it was confirmed that there were linear wavelength changes in the response characteristics of the 3-mm-diameter SMART moorings. A 54-mm-diameter SMART mooring is produced to measure the response of longitudinal tension on the center, eye, and splice of the mooring, and a longitudinal tension of 100 t in step-by-step applied for the Maintained Test and Fatigue Cycle Test is conducted. By performing a longitudinal tension experiment, wavelength changes were detected in the center, eye, and splice position of the SMART moorings. The results obtained from each part of the installed sensors indicated a different strain measurement depending on the position of the SMART moorings. The variation of the strain measurement with the position was more than twice the result of the difference measurement, while the applied external load increased step-by-step. It appears that there is a correlation with an externally generated longitudinal tensional force depending on the cross-sectional area of each part of the SMART mooring.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.266-277
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• 1995

The adult brown planthopper possesses tow oval shaped compound eyes which, on their ventral borders, curve around the base of the antennae. Compound eye of the adult brown planthopper is recognised apposition eye which each ommatidium is optically isolated from it surroundings, the rhabdoms receiving light only from their own corneal lens. Each ommatidium possesses its own dioptric apparatus formed from the cuticular cornea and an underlying crystalline cone. The retinula cells lying immediately beneath the crystalline cone have their individual rhabdomeres tightly opposed to form one central, closed rhbdom. The rhabdom stretches from the spex of the crystalline cone nearly to the basement membrane and is approximately 110~120 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in length. The crystalline cone is surrounded by a pair of primary pigment cells an these in turn are surrounded by accessory pigment cells. Accessory pigment cells extend beyond the crystalline cone surrounding the retinular cells in the distal region of the eye. The crystalline cone is surrounded by the distal-most regions of the retinula cells show the presence of seven cells and sections taken proximally in the last quarter of the omatidium before the basement membrane is reached, reveal the presence of a small, eighth retinula cell which also contributes to the central rhabdom. Each ommatidium has a central rhabdom formed from the modified inner border of all of the retinula cells. Th rhabdom consists of micrvilli arising from the inner wall of each retinula cell. In cross section th microvilli exhibit a characteristic honeycomb appearance. Pigment cells comprise the primary pigment cells enveloping the crystalline cone, the accessory pigment cells extending from the inner surface of the comea to the basement membrane and the small pigment cells of the basement membrane.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2023

Background: The thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and Monte Carlo (MC) dosimetry are carried out to determine the occupational dose for personnel in the handling of ¹²⁵I seed sources. Materials and Methods: TLDs were placed in different layers of the Alderson-Rando phantom in the thyroid, lung and also eyes and skin surface. An ¹²⁵I seed source was prepared and its activity was measured using a dose calibrator and was placed at two distances of 20 and 50 cm from the Alderson-Rando phantom. In addition, the Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended (MCNPX 2.6.0) code and a computational phantom with a lattice-based geometry were used for organ dose calculations. Results and Discussion: The comparison of TLD and MC results in the thyroid and lung is consistent. Although the relative difference of MC dosimetry to TLD for the eyes was between 4% and 13% and for the skin between 19% and 23%, because of the existence of a higher uncertainty regarding TLD positioning in the eye and skin, these inaccuracies can also be acceptable. The isodose distribution was calculated in the cross-section of the head phantom when the ¹²⁵I seed was at two distances of 20 and 50 cm and it showed that the greatest dose reduction was observed for the eyes, skin, thyroid, and lungs, respectively. The results of MC dosimetry indicated that for near the head positions (distance of 20 cm) the absorbed dose rates for the eye lens, eye and skin were 78.1±2.3, 59.0±1.8, and 10.7±0.7 µGy/mCi/hr, respectively. Furthermore, we found that a 30 cm displacement for the ¹²⁵I seed reduced the eye and skin doses by at least 3- and 2-fold, respectively. Conclusion: Using a computational phantom to monitor the dose to the sensitive organs (eye and skin) for personnel involved in the handling of ¹²⁵I seed sources can be an accurate and inexpensive method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1134-1140
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigated the effect of cross phase modulation(XPM) on compensation for WDM channel distortion due to chromatic dispersion, self phase modulation and XPM as a function of fiber dispersion coefficient and modulation format in 320 Gbps WDM systems. The considered WDM transmission system is based on mid-span spectral inversion(MSSI) compensation method, which has highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber(HNL-DSF) as nonlinear medium of optical phase conjugator (OPC) in the mid-way of total transmission line. We confirmed that the maximum channel input power resulting 1 dB eye opening penalty is reduced due to XPM effect on channel distortion, even if MSSI method was applied to WDM system. But, we confirmed that the effect of XPM on channel distortion becomes decrease as fiber dispersion coefficient of WDM system becomes larger. Futhermore, we confirmed that NRZ is better than RZ as a modulation format for similarly compensating overall WDM channels in WDM system with large fiber dispersion coefficient in order to minimize the effect of the XPM on channel distortion.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.429-434
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• 2015

Apple blotch-like symptoms (ABLS) were observed on 'Fuji' apple leaves in Cheongsong, Gunwi and Yeongcheon apple orchards located in Gyeongbuk Province during 2010-2014. Characteristics of ABLS were yellowing, brown spots on leaves, and defoliation, similar to apple blotch diseased (ABD) leaves, which are infected with Marssonina coronaria. It is difficult to differentiate by eye between ABLS and ABD, which has led to misdiagnosis and overuse of fungicides. The present study was conducted to investigate the cause of ABLS using stereomicroscopy, culture isolation, cross-sectional analysis of leaves, and PCR. No acervuli were found on the surface of ABLS leaves and no growth was observed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates in culture. Furthermore, cross-sectional analysis revealed similar results, and mycelia were absent in ABLS leaves. By contrast, all these characteristics were present in ABD leaves. Furthermore, no fungi or viruses were detected in ABLS leaves by PCR, suggesting that the disease is not caused by these agents. These findings suggest that ABLS might be a physiological disorder in plants that is distinct from ABD.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1979

Electron microscopic studies were carried out to investigate the fine structure of ommatidia of the compound eyes in Meimuna mongolica D. The crystalline cone appears round, and is composed of four double-membraned cone cells and surrounded by pigment cells having many pigment granules. The rhabdom is a closed type, and is composed of four rhabdomeres Its cross section reveals lamellated microvilli which are oriented in four different directions suggesting that these represent four photoreceptive sites. The microvilli, in a cross sectional view, are hexagonal in shape with a central axis inside. There are usually eight retinular cells arranged radially from the rhabdom, but in some retinular layers seven or nine retinular cells could be observed. The cytoplasm of each retinular cell is interconnected with that of microvilli of the rhabdomere, but the appearance of this interconnection varies depending on the number of retinular cells.'The retinlilar cells neighboring the microvilli seem to have well-developed perirhabdomal vacuoles and mitochondria as well as pigment granules surrounding these vacuoles.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.667-671
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the muscle mass and fiber number on post-mortem metabolic rates and pork quality. Carcass traits, muscle fiber characteristics, and type of fiber composition were evaluated using a sample of 200 cross-bred pigs. The muscle mass was divided into two groups according to carcass weight and loin-eye area measurements (heavy or light). In addition, the muscle histological characteristics were divided into two groups according to the muscle fiber density and total number of muscle fibers (high or low). All the carcass traits were significantly different in the muscle mass groups. Increasing weight significantly affected the cross-sectional area (CSA) of all fibers. The low group, which had a low muscle fiber number indicating a larger CSA of fibers, and especially the heavy-low group had the highest CSA levels of fibers. The fiber number percentage and the area percentage were significantly different in the groups categorized by fiber number. The heavy-high group indicated a normal rate of pH decline and the R-value. In addition, pigs with a heavy muscle mass and high muscle fiber number indicated normal drip loss, lightness, and protein denaturation. The present results suggest that increasing the total muscle fiber number has a beneficial effect on increasing the muscle mass without deteriorating the meat quality.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2022

Objectives : Evidence supporting the cold-heat symptom and sasang constitution type, which are diagnostic items of traditional Korean medicine, is needed to manage sleep disturbances, which is a typical symptom of mibyeong (subhealth). This study examined the association between each cold-heat symptom and sleep disturbances according to each sasang constitution type. Methods : This research was a cross-sectional study of 5,793 subjects from the Korean Medicine Data Center (KDC) community cohort survey. The association between each cold-heat symptom and sleep disturbances was analyzed by logistic regression analysis adjusted for several demographic variables. Subgroup analysis was then performed for each type of sasang constitution. Results : The soeum and soyang types were 1.53 and 1.26 times more likely to have sleep disturbances than the taeum type. Sleep disturbances were associated with 'coldness of the abdomen', 'watery mouth' in the cold domain items, and 'body feverishness', 'flushed face and eye', 'thirst', and 'scanty dark urine' in the heat domain items. The soeum and soyang types were 1.55 and 1.39 times more likely to sleep less than five hours per night than the taeeum type. In addition, the associations of those showed a different pattern for each sasang constitution type. Conclusions : Sleep disturbances are associated with specific cold-heat symptoms, and the associated cold-heat symptoms differ according to the sasang constitution type. These results may help traditional medicine specialists select customized interventions for patients with sleep disturbances.