• 제목/요약/키워드: Cross-Bred

검색결과 185건 처리시간 0.028초

오골계, 오골계교잡종 및 육용계육의 이 $\cdot$ 화학적 특성 비교 (Physicochemical Properties of Korean Ogol Chicken, the Cross-Bred Ogol Chicken and Broiler Meat)

  • 채현석;안종남;박범영;유영모;조수현;이종문;최양일
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.185-194
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구는 오골계, 오골계교잡종(3원교잡) 및 육용계육의 이화학적 특성을 조사하기 위해 각 품종별 3점(점당 3수)을 공시하여 화학적인 특성으로써 일반성분, 무기물, 아미노산, 지방산조성을 조사하였으며 물리적인 특성으로써 전단력, 보수력, 가열감량, 육색 등을 조사하여 비교 분석하였다. 3원교잡으로 생산된 오골계교잡종과 순종오골계 및 육용계육의 육질특성에서 오골계교잡종육의 조단백질 함량은 수컷과 암컷에서 각각 23.67%와 23.575으로 순종 오골계육의 22.84%와22.205%보다 오히려 약간 높았고 특히 육용계육의 21.735에 비해 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높은 함량을 나타내었으며 조지방 함량에 있어서도 순종오골계육에 비해 약간 많았지만 육용계육보다는 유의적으로 낮아 좋은 성분조성을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 특히 오골계교잡종육이 무기물 중에서 Ca이 순종 오골계육과는 비슷하였으나 육용계육보다는 유의적으로 높아(P<0.05), Ca 공급의 좋은 소재로 여겨진다. 아미노산 함량은 serine, leucine, phenylalanine에서 오골계교잡종육이 육용계육에 비하여 유의적으로 많았으며(P<0.05), 맛과 관련이 많은 glutamic acid의 함량은 유의적인 차이는 없었으나(P<0.05), 오골계교잡종육이 오골계 및 육용계육보다 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 오골계교잡종육의 지방산 조성에 있어서는 arachidonic acid(C2O:4, n6)의 함량에서 육용계육과 비교하여 현저히 높은 함량을 나타냈으며 순종오골계육과 비슷한 수준을 나타내었다. DHA 함량에서 오골계교잡종육은 수컷과 암컷이 각각 5.475%와 2.895%로, 순종 오골계육의 2.92%, 1.00% 보다도 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 육용계육에서는 DHA의 함량이 전혀 나타나지 않아 오골계교잡종육의 지방산 조성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 오골계교잡종육의 CIE L* 값은 순종 오골계육보다는 약간 낮은 경향을 나타냈으나 오골계의 특징인 검은색은 그대로 유지하고 있었다.

유색육용계에 에너지 및 단백질 수준이 다른 유기 사료 급여가 생산성, 혈액성상, 계육 품질에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Various Organic Dietary ME and CP on Performance, Blood Composition and Meat Quality in Meat Type Cross-Bred Chicks)

  • 정용대;전병수;류경선
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.139-147
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 교잡육용계에서 최적 수준의 유기 사료 영양소 함량을 구명하고자 에너지 및 단백질 수준이 다른 사료 급여가 육색육용계의 생산성, 혈액 성상 및 계육 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 공시동물은 0, 6, 11 주령 유색육용계를 사용하였다. 시험 사료의 에너지 및 단백질 수준은 0~5주에 ME 3,000, 3,050, 3,100 kcal/kg, CP 21, 22%, 6~10주는 ME 3,050, 3,100, 3,150 kcal/kg, CP 19, 20%, 11~15주는 3,100, 3,150 kcal/kg, CP 17, 18%로 하였다. 처리구는 0~5, 6~10주에 $2{\times}3$ factorial design으로 총 6개 처리구 이고 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 20수씩, 11~15주는 $2{\times}2$ factorial design이며, 총 4개 처리구, 3반복, 반복당 28수씩 배치하였다. 0~5주의 증체량은 에너지 수준이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 사료 섭취량은 에너지 수준이 높을수록 현저하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 사료 요구율은 ME 3,100 처리구가 ME 3,000, 3,050 처리구보다 통계적으로 감소하였고 단백질은 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않았다(P<0.05). 6~10주간 증체량, 사료 섭취량은 에너지 수준이 높을수록 각각 증가 및 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 사료 요구율은 ME 3,100, 3,150 처리구가 ME 3,050 처리구보다 유의하게 감소되었고, 단백질 처리구들은 생산성에 영향을 미치지 않았다(P<0.05). 11~15주간 증체량, 사료 섭취량은 에너지가 높고 단백질이 낮은 처리구에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 사료 요구율은 ME 3,150 처리구가 ME 3,000 처리구보다 두드러지게 감소하였고, CP 처리구는 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 각 기간별 생산성에 대한 에너지 및 단백질 간 교호 작용은 나타내지 않았다. 혈액 성상 및 계육 품질은 에너지와 단백질 수준에 따른 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 없으며 교호 작용도 없었다. 따라서 0~5주 사료의 에너지 수준은 3,100 kcal/kg, 단백질은 21%, 6~10주는 ME 3,100 혹은 3,150 kcal/kg, CP 19%이고 후기 사료의 에너지 및 단백질 수준은 혹서기에 영향을 받아 적정 수준을 정할 수 없다. 본 연구 결과는 사양 기간별 수행한 결과이므로 0~15주간 수행하는 추가 시험이 필요하다.

농후사료 급여 횟수가 제주산마(제주마×더러브렛)의 체중과 산통에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Feeding Concentrates Frequency on Weight Change and Colic of Jeju Cross-bred Horses)

  • 우제훈;손준규;양병철;김남영;신상민;신문철;유지현;박남건
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.224-230
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 농후사료의 급여 횟수에 따른 제주산마의 체중 변화 및 산통에 미치는 효과를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 공시축으로 36개월 내외의 제주산마를 공시하였으며, 농후사료를 체중의 2.5%로 2회, 3회, 4회로 급여한 후 체중 변화 및 생리적 변화와 혈액 특성을 조사하였다. 총 증체량은 농후사료 일일 2회 급여구에서 55.80kg, 3회 급여구에서 54.40kg, 4회 급여구에서 63.00kg을 나타내 유의적인 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 일당 증체량은 농후사료 일일 2회, 3회, 4회 급여구에서 각각 0.69kg, 0.67kg, 0.78kg을 나타내어 일일 2, 3회 급여구보다 4회 급여구에서 일일 증체량이 높은 경향을 나타냈으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 모든 처리구에서 직장 온도는 정상 범위보다 높은 경향을 보였고, 분 pH는 정상 범위보다 낮았으나 12주차에 모든 처리구에서 6.0보다 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 모든 처리구에서 높은 직장 온도와 낮은 분 pH를 보였지만 산통 증상은 나타나지 않았는데 이는 품종에 따른 차이에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 산통 지표로 알려진 피브리노겐과 질병 발생의 지표로 알려진 백혈구는 정상 범위 내에 있었고 시험 기간 동안 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). 결론적으로 제주산마에게 일반적인 농후사료 급여량보다 높은 양인 체중의 2.5%의 농후사료를 급여할 경우, 여러 번에 나누어 주는 것이 산통 발생 방지 및 소화에 도움이 될 것으로 가정했으나 급여 횟수에 따른 증체량, 혈액, 생리적 특성의 차이는 나타나지는 않았다. 결론적으로 제주산마에게 체중의 2.5% 농후사료를 12주간 2회, 3회, 4회 급여하는 것에 따른 생산성 및 산통 발생에 차이가 없어 노동력의 투입을 감안했을 때 2회로 나누어 주는 것이 유리할 것으로 사료된다.

Detecting Positive Selection of Korean Native Goat Populations Using Next-Generation Sequencing

  • Lee, Wonseok;Ahn, Sojin;Taye, Mengistie;Sung, Samsun;Lee, Hyun-Jeong;Cho, Seoae;Kim, Heebal
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제39권12호
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    • pp.862-868
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    • 2016
  • Goats (Capra hircus) are one of the oldest species of domesticated animals. Native Korean goats are a particularly interesting group, as they are indigenous to the area and were raised in the Korean peninsula almost 2,000 years ago. Although they have a small body size and produce low volumes of milk and meat, they are quite resistant to lumbar paralysis. Our study aimed to reveal the distinct genetic features and patterns of selection in native Korean goats by comparing the genomes of native Korean goat and crossbred goat populations. We sequenced the whole genome of 15 native Korean goats and 11 crossbred goats using next-generation sequencing (Illumina platform) to compare the genomes of the two populations. We found decreased nucleotide diversity in the native Korean goats compared to the crossbred goats. Genetic structural analysis demonstrated that the native Korean goat and cross-bred goat populations shared a common ancestry, but were clearly distinct. Finally, to reveal the native Korean goat's selective sweep region, selective sweep signals were identified in the native Korean goat genome using cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) and a cross-population composite likelihood ratio test (XP-CLR). As a result, we were able to identify candidate genes for recent selection, such as the CCR3 gene, which is related to lumbar paralysis resistance. Combined with future studies and recent goat genome information, this study will contribute to a thorough understanding of the native Korean goat genome.

말에서 사료 급여 수준이 분 젖산 생산 박테리아 및 pH 변화에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Different Feeding Levels on the Number of Fecal Lactic Acid-producing Bacteria and Fecal pH in Horses)

  • 이종언;김남영;박남건;오운용;정하연;좌재호
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제52권2호
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    • pp.111-116
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 말의 다양한 사양체계가 분 젖산 생산 박테리아 및 pH 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험 1에서는 농후사료 체중 2% 또는 건초(오챠드그라스) 2%를 30일 동안 급여한 후 분 중 Lactobacillus와 Streptococcus 균 수를 측정했다. 시험 2에서는 사양형태 또는 사료급여 수준에 따른 분 중 pH 변화를 측정했다. 시험 3에서는 알팔파 건초 급여 수준에 의한 분 pH 변화를 측정했다. 고-농후사료의 급여는 분 중 젖산 생산 박테리아인 lactobacillus와 streptococcus의 균 수를 크게 증가시켰다(P<0.05). 농후사료의 급여량을 증가시킴에 따라 분 pH는 유의적으로 감소했다(P<0.01). 알팔파 건초 단독 급여에서는 분 pH가 저하되지 않았으나, 알팔파 건초+농후사료 사양형태에서는 분 pH가 감소되었다(P<0.01). 본 연구 결과, 말에게 농후사료의 다량급여는 장내 젖산생산 박테리아의 활성을 증가시키며, 농후사료 급여량이 증가함에 따라 분 pH를 저하시키고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 말에게 적절한 조사료/농후사료 비율을 유지하고 급여량을 조절하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 분 pH 측정으로 인해 대장 내 상태를 가늠할 수 있고, 분 pH 값을 이용해 사양관리의 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

EFFECTS OF AGE AND SEX ON BODY COMPOSITION OF THAI NATIVE AND CROSS-BRED GOATS

  • Pralomkarn, W.;Ngampongsai, W.;Choldumrongkul, S.;Kochapakdee, S.;Lawpetchara, A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.255-261
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    • 1995
  • This paper presents results from a study of the effects of age and sex on body and carcass composition of different goat genotypes. A completely randomized $3{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial design was used. Factors were genotype (Thai Native; TN, $50%TN{\times}50%$ Anglo-Nubian (AN) and $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ goats), age ($206{\pm}8$, $349{\pm}9$ and $428{\pm}8days$ or 6.9, 11.6 and 14.3 months, respectively) and sex (male and female). It was shown that TN kids had significantly higher (p < 0.05) hind percentage (7.9%) compared with $50%TN{\times}50% AN$ (7.2%) and $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ (7.1 %) kids. TN kids had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher heart percentage (0.44%) than that of $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ kids (0.38%). However, there was no significant difference in heart percentage between TN and $50%TN{\times}50%AN$ and between $50% TN{\times}50%AN$ and $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ kids. TN and $50%TN{\times}50%AN$ kids had significantly higher (p < 0.05) carcass muscle content (63.1 and 63.7%, respectively) than did $25%TN{\times}75%AN$ kids (59.9%). Kids at 6.9 months of age had significantly higher percentages of hide, feet, intestinal tract, liver, heart, kidneys and carcass bone than those of kids at 11.6 and 14.3 months of age. There were no significant differences in these characteristics between kids at 11.6 and 14.3 months of age. However, kids at 11.6 and 14.3 months of age had significantly higher percentages of omental fat, dressing carcass, muscle, total fat (subcutaneous + intermuscular + kidney and pelvic fat), muscle to bone ratios (MBR), and muscle plus fat to bone ratios (MFBR) than those of kids at 6.9 months. Males had significantly higher gut contents, but lower percentages of liver, omental fat and heart. Prediction equations were developed relating empty body weight (EBW) to hot carcass weight and some dissectible carcass fractions.

The Effects of Stress Related Genes on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Pigs

  • Jin, H.J.;Park, B.Y.;Park, J.C.;Hwang, I.H.;Lee, S.S.;Yeon, S.H.;Kim, C.D.;Cho, C.Y.;Kim, Y.K.;Min, K.S.;Feng, S.T.;Li, Z.D.;Park, C.K.;Kim, C.I.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.280-285
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    • 2006
  • The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between stress related gene and meat quality in pigs. A total number of 212 three-way cross bred (Landrace-$Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) and 38 Duroc were sampled from the Korean pig industry to determine genotype frequency of porcine stress syndrome (PSS) and heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) genes and their relationship with carcass traits and longissimus meat quality. Screen of HSP70 was performed by the single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique. Based on the analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene, genetic disorder of PSS was related to a mutation at $18,168^{th}$ (C to T) of exon 17. There was no significant difference in ultimate meat pH and backfat thickness between HSP70 K1-AA type and -BB type in pure Duroc breed. In Landrace-$Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$ (L-$Y{\times}D$) cross bred pig, our results indicated that HSP70 derivate type in Duroc had a limited effect on backfat thickness, but L-$Y{\times}D$ type had a noticeable linkage with HSP70 K1-AA and K3-AB. This tendency was also observed in hot carcass weight where HSP70 K1-AA and K3-AB resulted in heavier weight with 86.3 kg compared to HSP70 K1-AB and K3-BB of 74.3 kg. Results imply that stress related HSP70 genotype has a potential association with backfat thickness and carcass weight.

Effects of Dietary Canola Oil on Growth, Feed Efficiency, and Fatty Acid Profile of Bacon in Finishing Pigs and of Longissimus Muscle in Fattening Horses

  • Joo, Eun-Sook;Yang, Young-Hoon;Lee, Seung-Chul;Lee, Chong-Eon;Cheoung, Chang-Cho;Kim, Kyu-Il
    • Nutritional Sciences
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.92-96
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    • 2006
  • Studies were carried out to determine the effect of feeding diet containing 5% canola oil on growth, feed efficiency, and fatty acid profile of bacon in finishing pigs and of longissimus muscle in horses fattening for meat production. In experiment 1, twenty cross-bred barrows and twenty cross-bred gilts (average weight, 80 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and five barrows or five gilts were allotted to one of eight pens $(6.25m^2/pen)$, respectively. Four pens (two with barrows and two with gilts) randomly selected were assigned to a control diet containing 5% tallow and the remaining four pens to a diet containing 5% canola oil. The average daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency over a 6-wk feeding period were not different (p>0.05) between the two diets, nor was backfat thickness. Fatty acid profile in bacon fat showed that the 0-3 fatty acid ($\alpha-linolenic$ acid) content in pigs fed diet containing 5% canola oil was approximately three times (P<0.01) as much as in pigs fed tallow. In experiment 2, thirty-two Jeju horses (average $weight{\pm}SE,\;244{\pm}5kg$) were blocked by sex and weight, and two horses of the same sex and similar body weight were allotted to one $(15m^2/pen)$ of eight pens. Eight pens (four with males and four with females) selected randomly were assigned to a control diet containing 5% tallow and the remaining eight pens to a diet containing 5% canola oil. The average daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency for concentrates without roughages over a 5-month feeding period were not different (P>0.05) between the two diet groups. Fatty acid profile in the muscle fat showed that the 0-3 fatty acid (a-linolenic acid) content in horses fed diet containing 5% canola oil was approximately two times (P<0.01) that in horses fed tallow. The increased (P<0.01) 0-3 fatty acid content in pigs and horses fed canola oil decreased the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids compared to the control, indicating a significant improvement in pork and horsemeat fatty acid profile for health benefit. Our study demonstrated that feeding diet containing 5% canola oil may help produce pork and horsemeat with more health benefit, increasing their $\alpha-linolenic$ acid content without deleterious effects on growth of pigs and horses.

점토광물 급여가 한우교잡우의 산육능력 및 육질에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Scoria, Quartz Porphyry and Oak Charcoal Powder Feeding on the Meat Quantity and Quality of Fattening Cross Bred Hanwoo Bulls)

  • 강수원;손용석;박남건;진신흠;고서봉
    • 한국축산시설환경학회지
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.157-170
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Scoria, Quartz porphyry and Oak charcoal powder feeding by 1% level of concentrate on the fattening cross bred bulls(5/8 Korean Native Cattle, 2/8 Charolais, 1/8 Brahman germ plasma) Feeding trial was conducted with 4 treatment groups which were T1(Full feeding of concentrate and roughage for 12 months), T2(T1 and Scoria addition), T3(T1 and Quartz porphyry addition) and T4(Oak charcoal addition) for 360 days, consisting of 32 heads whose initially weights were about 299.7kg. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. During the over-all period, average daily gains by T3, T4, T2 and T1 were 1.024, 0.987, 0.977kg and 0.964, respectively, without a significant difference by treatments. 2. Concentrate intakes per body weight and TDN intakes required per unit of kilogram gain were lower in addition agent groups than in control, and in all the treatments feed efficiency was higher at early stage for 360 fattening day than at end stage. 3. Carcass weight, dressing percent, back-fat thickness and loin eye muscle area by treatments were 330.9 to 348.4kg(average 340.3kg), 55.2~56.2(average 55.8%), 0.41~0.55(average 0.46cm)and 76.0~80.9$\textrm{cm}^2$(average 77.6$\textrm{cm}^2$), respectively, and were improved in addition agent groups than in control. 4. Meat quality grade is higher in addition agent groups than in control, and heads of 1st grade by treatments was 3, 2, 1 and none in T4, T2, T3 and T1, respectively. 5. Incidence heads of diseases by treatment were not apparently different, but diseases of digestive system was decreased in addition agent groups than in control. 6. The nitrate nitrogen content of fattening bull dung which collected in rectum were 0.082~0.089% (average 0.084%), and the content in addition agent groups was smaller than in controll. 7. Income was higher in order of T4, T3, T2, and T1 and incomes of treatment groups were grater than that of control group by 21.4 to 33.5 percent. According to the above results it may be concluded that fattening bulls may be required to feed no more than 1% of Scoria, Quartz porphyry and Oak charcoal powder based on the concentrate feeding level during the fattening period(12 to 24 month of age) to produce high quality meat and increase income.

CHANGES IN LIVE-WEIGHT GAIN, BLOOD CONSTITUENTS AND WORM EGG COUNTS IN THAI NATIVE AND CROSS-BRED GOATS RAISED IN VILLAGE ENVIRONMENTS IN SOUTHERN THAILAND

  • Kochapakdee, S.;Pralomkarn, W.;Choldumrongkul, S.;Saithanoo, S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 1995
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of internal parasites on growth rates of Thai Native (TN) and crossbred (75% TN $\times$ 25% Anglo-Nubian, AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN) goats (undrenched, drenched every 3 weeks or at 9 weeks) in village environments in southern Thailand in a humid tropical climate. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in growth rate ($g/kg^{0.75}/d$) between the genotypes during unsupplemented grazing (0-64 days of the experimental period). However, during supplementary feeding (64-127 days) and throughout the period (0-127 days) TN goats had significantly (p < 0.01) lower growth rates compared with 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50% AN goats. There was no (p > 0.05) significant difference in growth rates between 75% TN $\times$ 25% AN and 50% TN $\times$ 50 % AN goats. The growth rates of goats drenched every 3 weeks were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those undrenched or drenched at 9 weeks. The results of this study also indicate that drenching alone did not result in increased weight gain except when the nutritional status was also improved. Parasitic infection affected some blood constituents, such as pack cell volume, haemoglobin, total protein and albumin. This resulted in lower growth rates for control groups and goats drenched at 9 weeks compared to those of goats drenched every 3 weeks.