• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.89-95
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• 2006

The performance of blind source separation(BSS) using independent component analysis (ICA) declines significantly in a reverberant environment. A post-processing method proposed in this paper was designed to remove the residual component precisely. The proposed method used modified NLMS(normalized least mean square) filter in frequency domain, to estimate cross-talk path that causes residual cross-talk components. Residual cross-talk components in one channel is correspond to direct components in another channel. Therefore, we can estimate cross-talk path using another channel input signals from adaptive filter. Step size is normalized by input signal power in conventional NLMS filter, but it is normalized by sum of input signal power and error signal power in modified NLMS filter. By using this method, we can prevent misadjustment of filter weights. The estimated residual cross-talk components are subtracted by non-stationary spectral subtraction. The computer simulation results using speech signals show that the proposed method improves the noise reduction ratio(NRR) by approximately 3dB on conventional FDICA.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.60-69
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• 2016

Korean management agency and production's size is bigger than ever applying diversification strategy since the Korean Wave started in 2000. Thus, the cross-ownership between two sectors is widespread and it's side effect such as unfair trading occurred among them. Came up with this problem, this study has focused on the analysis of the cross-ownership status of the entire Korean listed agencies and productions and the quest of the alternatives to solve the problem through in-depth interviews of the stakeholders and experts. Results showed that the horizontal regulation and American regulatory systems should be applied considering the previous law because the cross-ownership level was so high. In conclusion, it was proposed three regulatory models as follows : first, accept the cross-ownership and prohibit casting their contracted actors in their art, second, ban on the cross-ownership and allow mutual investment within a 10 to 20 percent stake, third, blanket ban on the cross-ownership and investment.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2013

Objectives : To identify the association between cross-sectional area of lumbar regional muscle and stability(ST), center of pressure(COP) assessed by tetrax. Methods : Patients(n=55) who had taken L-SPINE MRI and Tetrax(Sunlight, Israel) were analyzed retrospectively. To evaluate the cross-sectional area of lumbar regional muscle, L-SPINE MRI was used. Data of ST, COP were accumulated by using dynamic equilibrium analysis by Tetrax. Of the lumbar regional muscles, the Psoas muscles and the Paraspinalis muscles were examined. Using Pearson correlation, we analyzed COP, ST and the difference between the cross-sectional area of lumbar regional muscles. Results : The variance of cross-sectional area of both sides of Psoas muscle and COP had moderate positive correlation(r=0.621). Between variance of cross-sectional area of both sides of Paraspinalis and lumbar regional muscle and COP there was low positive correlation(r=0.287, r=0.329) ST also had low correlation with variance of cross-sectional area of both sides of Psoas muscle. Conclusion : The variance of cross-sectional area between both sides of Psoas muscle had moderate correlation with COP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1513-1518
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• 2005

The work reported here is an attempt to explore the possibility of DNA microsatellite loci transfer (cross-species amplification) to other economically important aquacultured catfish species other than its source species. A total of 25 new microsatellite loci developed for riverine catfish, Mystus nemurus were successfully cross-amplified in two distantly related catfish species within the suborder Siluroidei. Five out of the 19 loci that successfully cross-amplified in Pangasius micronemus were polymorphic, while for Clarias batrachus, cross-amplification was successful using 17 polymorphic loci. The observed heterozygosities were high for all the three catfishes. The results indicated that microsatellite loci could be as polymorphic in non-source species as in the source species.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.87-105
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to propose a theoretical framework of cross-border e-commerce ecosystems based on blockchain technology. The ecosystem includes five systems, namely, crossborder supply chain intelligent system, cross-border logistics system, cross-border payment system, cross-border product quality traceability system and cross-border customs supervision system. Design/methodology - This study firstly derived the main improvement factors for the new ecosystem based on blockchain through prior research and expert interviews on cross-border e-commerce. Then explored the use of virtue of decentralization, anti-counterfeiting traceability, consensus mechanism, smart contract and other means of the core technology of blockchain to overcome the bottleneck of cross-border e-commerce development among Korea, China, and Japan. Finally, proposed valuable implications in both theoretical and practical perspectives. Findings - As a result, we combined with the problems existing in cross-border e-commerce among Korea, China and Japan, this paper proposes a solution based on blockchain. On this basis, it constructs a cross-border e-commerce ecosystem among these three countries, including five systems. In addition, we discuss the main problems existing in the current blockchain, such as low transaction concurrency, security loopholes, and inconsistent standards, the corresponding countermeasures are proposed from the technical level, security level and industry standards. Originality/value - This study is the first to apply the blockchain technology to solve the cross-border e-commerce problems in Korea, China and Japan, which is of pioneering significance in both literature and practice. Block chain technology is in the ascendency. This study provides technical solutions for promoting the development of cross-border e-commerce import and export trade between Korea, China and Japan.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-84
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• 1986

The purpose of the present research was to investigate cross-modal transfer, especially tactual-to-visual transfer in infancy and to study the relation between failure of cross-modal transfer performance and length of familiarization period. The subjects of this study were 60 infants, 10 boys and 10 girls at each level: six, nine, and twelve months of age. All were normal, healthy, full-term babies. The mothers' educational achievement was controlled at more than 12 years of schooling. There were two separate experimental conditions, one 30-sec and one 60-sec familiarization period. Each experimental condition consisted of a tactual familiarization and a visual recognition memory test. Each child was presented with these 2 sets of cross-modal stimuli in one of the 2 experimental conditions. Infants' visual responses in the visual recognition memory test were videotaped for 20 seconds. Visual fixation time to novel and familiar stimuli was observed throughout the test. The data was analyzed with t-test, percentage of total fixation time to novel stimuli, and ANOVA. The results showed that: 1) Significant differences were found in the cross-modal transfer performance from touch to vision between the 3 age groups. This is, 6 and 9 month old infants didn't show cross-modal transfer in the 30-sec condition, but 12 month old infants did show cross-modal transfer in the 30-second. 2) In all 3 age groups, no significant differences were found in cross-modal transfer performance between the two conditions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.81-92
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• 2014

Purpose - This paper aims to investigate topics and trends in international marketing and cross-cultural management by conducting a content analysis of the Journal of International Marketing. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - In this study, one of the leading journals in the field of international marketing, the Journal of International Marketing, was chosen for research. A total of 199 articles were identified from a time span of ten years (2004-2013). SPSS software was used for codification and analysis of the data. Results - This study revealed some of the factors on which cross-cultural management had a strong correlation with international marketing. Of the 199 articles in the Journal of International Marketing, 64 articles related to cross-cultural management. Conclusions - A content analysis of the Journal of International Marketing comparing general articles with articles related to cross-cultural management is unprecedented. This study offers insight into the impact of cross culture on the discipline of international marketing. The findings of this research could be employed as a reference for gaining insight into the trends and influence of cross-cultural management in international marketing.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.301-306
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to make clear the cross-ventilation effect by floor plan type in apartment house during summer. The questionnaire survey was carried out during the 26$^{th}$ of August ${\sim}$ the 4$^{th}$ of September 2004. The respondents were 174 residents living in two subject apartment estates. One subject estate (we call A estate) was consisted apartment houses having cross-ventilation floor plan. The other subject estate (we cail B estate) was constructed apartment houses having ordinary floor plan. The field measurements of indoor thermal elements reflecting natural cooling effect by cross-ventilation were carried out at A house in A estate and at B house in B estate. The measurements in two subject houses were taken on simultaneously the 27$^{th}$ of August. The residents living in A apartment estate planed cross-ventilation type show positive responses on thermal sensation and airflow sensation. The averages indoor temperature and air velocity in the A house were 0.9 $^{\circ}$C lower and 0.29 m/s higher than the B house. Therefore, it was found that indoor thermal environment during summer in the house having cross-ventilation floor plan maintained more comfortable than the house having ordinary floor plan by natural cooling effect of cross-ventilation.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2011

This research proposed the space planing methode and diagrams of restaurant kitchens to improve hygiene by analyzing the related contents collected from books and researches in interior design and HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point). HACCP is an effective and scientific hygiene system for food safety in order to prevent cross-contamination from food hazards. Based on the analyses, improvement of food production environments like restaurant kitchens is necessary for food hygiene. The space planing methode of restaurant kitchens to improve hygiene are followings: The circulation planing is that the direction of movement of the food, workers, waste, and dishes should be fractionated and managed for cross-contamination prevention. The space separation planing is that the spaces in the kitchen should be classified and divided into contaminated area and non-contaminated and clean area depending on the degree of cleanliness. The zoning is space arrangement with feed-back process to check the possible points of cross-contamination and correct space arrangement until the possibility of cross-contamination disappear in kitchen. However, if cross-contamination is unavoidable in some points in restaurant kitchens, hygiene facilities such as washing rooms, pass rooms, and double doors with air-shower should be located in order to remove contamination.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.180-191
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identity the probability of cross-contamination from the environment. For this, we examined foodservices at 20 universities/colleges for microbiological analysis of their working facilities and environment as well as their preventive equipment against cross-contamination. Seventy percent of the 20 foodservices were found to maintain one unified working area, which suggests high probability of contamination of food/utensils/equipment in the cooking area by pre-preparation or dish washing. According to the microbiological analysis, the hygiene acceptance ratio of working facilities in the clean zone was 70%, which was higher than the average 45% hygiene acceptance ratio of working facilities in the contamination operating zone. There was a significant difference in the total plate count (P<0.001) and coliform count (P<0.01), which demonstrates that work tables in the clean zone were in a good state compared to those in the contamination operating zone. In the contamination operating zone, refrigerator shelves had a high probability of cross-contamination. Regarding the floor surface and airborne microbes, cooking areas which should be maintained as clean zones had higher cross-contamination probability than those in the contamination operating zone. So corrective actions such as cleaning and sanitizing, keeping dry floors, lowered temperature and humidity, shoe disinfecting facilities, and checking concentrations, are necessary to manage floor surfaces and airborne microbes in the cooking area.