• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1999

House dust mite allergens have been well established as sensitizing agents that are important in the induction of allergic diseases. In order to analyze epitopes of the allergen and to develop a quantitative method of the allergen exposure, monoclonal antibodies against a recombinant Der p 2 (rDer p 2), one of the major allergens of Dermatophogoides pteronyssinus, were produce. Four monoclonal antibodies produced wee species-specific and did not cross-react to the D. farinae crude extract. Two of the monoclonal antibodies were found to be IgG1 and the others were IgM. For the analysis of epitopes, a Der p 2 cDNA encoding 126 amino acids (aa) was dissected into three fragments with several overlapping peptides, A (aa residues 1-49), B (44-93), and C fragment (84-126). Three monoclonal antibodies showed reactivities to the recombinant B fragment and to the full-length rDer p 2, but one monoclonal antibody reacted only with the full-length rDer p 2. Two-site capture ELISA was developed using two different monoclonal antibodies for quantitating Der p2 in house dust. The sensitivity limit was 4ng/ml with rDer p2 and $8{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ with the d. pteronyssinus crude extract. The result suggested that the assay using monoclonal antibodies against rDer p2 could be useful for the environmental studies and for the standardization of mite allergen extracts.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

Purpose: The arterial base deficit (BD) has proven to be useful in the evaluation and management of trauma patients. Indicators such as the Triage-Revised Trauma Score (t-RTS) and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score have been used as triage tools for emergency trauma patients in Korea. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of the initial BD in predicting injury severity and outcome in the trauma population. Methods: The medical records of 308 consecutive trauma patients admitted to the Emergency Center of Masan Samsung Hospital from January 2004 to December 2004 were carefully examined prospectively and retrospectively, and 291 patients were selected as subjects for this research. The SIRS score and the t-RTS were calculated based on the records from the emergency department, and the BD was calculated based on the arterial blood gas analysis obtained within 30 minutes of admission. The efficiency of the three indicators as triage tools was evaluated by using cross tabulations in two - by - two matrices and by using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: When the mortality was used as the outcome parameter, the sensitivity and the accuracy of the initial BD were higher than those of the SIRS score (p<0.05) and were same as those of the t-RTS. The areas under the ROC curves of the initial BD, the SIRS score, and the t-RTS were $0.740{\pm}0.087$, $0.696{\pm}0.082$, and $0.871{\pm}0.072$, respectively (95% confidence interval). When emergency operation and blood transfusion requirements were used as outcome parameters, the comparisons of the sensitivities and the accuracies of the initial BD and the other two indicators showed the same pattern as mentioned above. The areas under the ROC curves of the initial BD were 0.7~0.8 and were larger than those of the SIRS score (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ability of the initial BD to predict injury severity and outcome was similar to those of the t-RTS and the SIRS score. Therefore, the authors suggest that the initial BD may be used as an alternative to previous triage tools for trauma patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권3호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2010

Background: The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has become a serious worldwide problem. However, there is insufficient data regarding the current status of MDR-TB and XDR-TB in Korea. This study examined the recent status of MDR- and XDR-TB using the data from 7 laboratories, in which almost all drug susceptibility tests (DST) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were performed. Methods: The patients' identification data and DST results were collected from all 7 laboratories from 2001 to 2006 and the number of patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB were calculated. Results: The number of DSTs was 140,638 for 6 years with an increasing incidence each year (p<0.001). The number of DST with MDR results was 18,510 and personal identifying information was obtained in 16,640 (89.9%) tests. The number of MDR-TB patients from 2001 to 2006 was 2,329, 2,496, 2,374, 2,300, 2,354, and 2,178, respectively, when counting the duplications in a year as one patient. The number of MDR-TB patients when counting the duplications in 6 years as one patient was 2,281, 1,977, 1,620, 1,446, 1,512, and 1,373, respectively. When the same method was adopted, the number of XDR-TB patients was 191, 238, 282, 260, 272, and 264, respectively, and 189, 150, 130, 90, 122, and 110 patients, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the national efforts to control TB, there are still a large number of MDR- and XDR-TB patients in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6135-6140
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor which affects health of women and multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main factors leading to failure of chemotherapy. This study was conducted to establish paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cell line and nude mice models to explore underlying mechanisms of MDR. Methods: The breast cancer drug-sensitive cell line MCF-7 (MCF-7/S) was exposed in stepwise escalating paclitaxel (TAX) to induce a resistant cell line MCF-7/TAX. Cell sensitivity to drugs and growth curves were measured by MTT assay. Changes of cell morphology and ultrastructure were examined by optical and electron microscopy. The cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, expression of proteins related to breast cancer occurrence and MDR was tested by immunocytochemistry. In Vivo, nude mice were injected with MCF-7/S and MCF-7/TAX cells and weights and tumor sizes were observed after paclitaxel treatment. In addition, proteins involved breast cancer and MDR were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared to MCF-7/S, MCF-7/TAX cells had a higher resistance to paclitaxel, cross-resistance and prolonged doubling time. Moreover, MCF-7/TAX showed obvious alterations of ultrastructure. Estrogen receptor (ER) expression was low in drug resistant cells and tumors while expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67 was up-regulated. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), lung resistance-related protein (LRP) and glutathione-S-transferase-${\pi}$ (GST-${\pi}$) involved in the MDR phenotype of resistant cells and tumors were all overexpressed. Conclusion: The underlying MDR mechanism of breast cancer may involve increased expression of P-gp, LRP and GST-${\pi}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2002

This experiment was performed to understand the changes in plasma leptin in association with plasma IGF-1, body weight and ADG from early growing to late finishing stages of Holstein steers. Blood collection was performed by arterial vein puncture at selected monthly ages of 1 (54 kg), 2.6 (103 kg), 7.2 (205 kg), 13.5 (314 kg), 16.9 (414 kg), 22.2 (550 kg), 24.9 (626 kg) and 27.4 months (695 kg). The blood was analyzed for leptin using the multi-species leptin RIA with recombinant bovine leptin (rbleptin) as standard, plasma IGF-1 was also measured using RIA. Against the standard rbleptin, the multi-species Leptin RIA system's sensitivity, cross reactivity, slope and recovery of 41.0 ng/ml rbleptin in plasma were 4.9 ng/ml, 11.22%, -1.396 and 97.8%, respectively. Plasma leptin measured were more than 5.0 ng/ml, which enable multi-species RIA system to investigate plasma leptin in normal growing steers. Body weight resulted to a highly significant second-degree polynomial relationship with plasma leptin (q=0.54, p<0.0001) and plasma IGF-1 (q=0.44, p<0.0001) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. However, the second-degree polynomial curve of plasma leptin and IGF-1 differs showing a concave and convex curvilinear relationship, respectively. ADG was not significantly associated to plasma leptin (r=0.06, p>0.05) and plasma IGF=1 (r=0.06, p>0.05) from 1 to 27.4 monthly ages. Low coefficient, but significant associated increase of plasma leptin and IGF-1 (r=0.12, p<0.008) from 1 to 27.4 months was observed. The uncoordinated increases of plasma IGF-1 at growing and plasma leptin at fattening period, may indicate (1) indirect involvement of endogenous IGF-1 on leptin secretion, and (2) IGF-1 level may signify lean and bone accretion while plasma leptin may mirror body fatness across the monthly ages of Holstein steers.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.119-125
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• 1996

In order to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for fumonisins, production of specific antibodies, establishment of ELISA conditions, and quantitation of the toxin from spiked corns by ELISA were performed. Fumonisin $B_1(FB_1)$ conjugated to cholera toxin (CT) with or without Freund's adjuvant was subcutaneously injected into 2 groups of rabbits. When the titer of the antisera produced by each rabbit was tested, higher titer was observed in case of the immunization with the adjuvant. By use of the antiserum showing the highest titer (1:16,000) and its purified antibodies, competitive indirect and direct ELISA's (ciELISA and cdELISA) were established, respectively. When the cross-reactivity of the antibody against fumonisin analogs was investigated by the ciELISA, it was very low against $B_3$ (2%) but high against fumonisin $B_2$ (179%). The sensitivity of the ELISAs was also very high, because the detection limit for $FB_1$ was 0.03 ppb in ciELISA and 0.3 ppb in cdELISA. When the ELISA's were applied to the spiked corns after extraction with 75% methanol, the assay recovery of $FB_1$ was too unstable to assay. However, when cleanup by strong anion exchange (SAX) cartridge was introduced to remove interfering materials, the mean ELISA recovery of $FB_1$ from corns spiked to 3~10 ppm was found to be 34.0% and stable (mean of CV, 8.2%).

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Oxide semiconductors Thin-film transistors are an exemplified one owing to its excellent ambient stability and optical transparency. In particular zinc oxide (ZnO) has been reported because It has stability in air, a high electron mobility, transparency and low light sensitivity, compared to any other materials. For this reasons, ZnO TFTs have been studied actively. Furthermore, we expected that would be satisfy the demands of flexible display in new generation. In order to do that, ZnO TFTs must be fabricated that flexible substrate can sustain operating temperature. So, In this paper we have studied low-temperature process of zinc oxide(ZnO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on silicon nitride ($SiN_x$)/cross-linked poly-vinylphenol (C-PVP) as gate dielectric. TFTs based on oxide fabricated by Low-temperature process were similar to electrical characteristics in comparison to conventional TFTs. These results were in comparison to device with $SiN_x$/low-temperature C-PVP or $SiN_x$/conventional C-PVP. The ZnO TFTs fabricated by low-temperature process exhibited a field-effect mobility of $0.205\;cm^2/Vs$, a thresholdvoltage of 13.56 V and an on/off ratio of $5.73{\times}10^6$. As a result, We applied experimental for flexible PET substrate and showed that can be used to ZnO TFTs for flexible application.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2009

감 과수원으로부터 분리한 탄저병균(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)에 대한 carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mancozedb 및 propineb 등 총 4종의 살균제의 약제반응을 조사하였다. Carbendazim($415{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)과 thiophanate-methyl($750{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)에 대하여 90%이상의 균사생육 억제율을 보이는 균주의 비율은 각각 68.2와 35.5%로 나타났으며 두 약제 사이의 교차 저항성을 조사한 결과, 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다($r^2=0.7862$). Mancozeb와 propineb에 대하여 91%이상의 균사생육 억제율을 보인 균주의 비율은 각각 90%과 53.6%이상으로 조사되었으며, 두 약제가 교차 저항성의 위험성은 낮은 것으로 나타났다($r^2=0.0174$). 시험에 사용한 두 종의 benzimidazole계 살균제와 mancozeb와 propineb 사이의 교차 저항성은 조사한 결과, 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2013

Amoebic keratitis (AK) caused by Acanthamoeba is one of the most serious corneal infections. AK is frequently misdiagnosed initially as viral, bacterial, or fungal keratitis, thus ensuring treatment delays. Accordingly, the early detection of Acanthamoeba would contribute significantly to disease management and selection of an appropriate anti-amoebic therapy. Recently, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method has been applied to the clinical diagnosis of a range of infectious diseases. Here, we describe a rapid and efficient LAMP-based method targeting Acanthamoeba 18S rDNA gene for the detection of Acanthamoeba using clinical ocular specimens in the diagnosis of AK. Acanthamoeba LAMP assays detected 11 different strains including all AK-associated species. The copy number detection limit for a positive signal was 10 DNA copies of 18S rDNA per reaction. No cross-reactivity with the DNA of fungi or other protozoa was observed. The sensitivity of LAMP assay was higher than those of Nelson primer PCR and JDP primer PCR. In the present study, LAMP assay based on directly heat-treated samples was found to be as efficient at detecting Acanthamoeba as DNA extracted using a commercial kit, whereas PCR was only effective when commercial kit-extracted DNA was used. This study showed that the devised Acanthamoeba LAMP assay could be used to diagnose AK in a simple, sensitive, and specific manner.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2001

목 적: 신생아 담즙울체를 진단하는 데 도움이 되는 많은 방법들이 있지만 아직까지 담관폐쇄증을 확실히 진단할 수 있는 방법은 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 담즙울체에 의한 황달을 보이는 영아에서 담즙폐쇄를 효과적으로 진단하고자 전향적 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 담즙울체에 의한 황달을 보이는 영아 27명을 대상으로 위십이지장 내시경을 시행하였다. 모든 환아에서 검사 전 4시간 이상 금식시켰으며 검사 직전에 10% 포도당용액을 20 ml 먹게 하였다. 5분 동안 관찰하여 담즙분비의 증거가 없는 경우에는 내시경을 제거한 후 다시 포도당용액을 20ml 먹인 후 내시경을 삽입하여 5분간 관찰하였다. 결 과: 모든 담도폐쇄 환아에서는 담즙분비의 증거가 없었으나 비담도폐쇄가 있었던 10명의 환아 중 8명에서 첫 번째 시도시 담즙의 배설이 관찰되었고 또 두 번째 시도시 두 명 중 한 명(Alagille syndrome)에서도 답즙의 배설이 관찰되어 모두 10명 중 9명에서 담즙의 배설을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 내시경을 이용한 담도폐쇄 진단의 정확도는 96.3%였으며 진단적 민감도는 100.0%, 특이도는 90.0%였다. 결 론: 비록 연구된 증례수가 많지 않아 일반화하는 데는 다소 어려움이 있겠지만 내시경을 이용하여 담도폐쇄를 감별하는 방법은 비교적 쉽고 빠르게 수행할 수 있는 좋은 검사법으로 생각된다.