• 치위생과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2007

장애아동보호자의 구강건강 인식이 장애아동의 구강건강에 미치는 영향을 연구하여 장애아동의 구강건강향상을 증진시키고 정책적인 예방구강보건사업을 실시하여 질적인 치과의료서비스를 제공하고자 연구를 시행하였다. 병원에 내원하는 장애아동의 보호자 200명을 대상으로 조사분석하여 연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 장애아동과 보호자와의 관계, 응답자의 최종학력, 아버지 직업, 어머니 직업, 월수입, 거주형태에 따라 일일 간식섭취 횟수는 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있었다(p < 0.05). 2. 장애아동과의 관계, 응답자의 최종학력, 아버지 직업, 어머니 직업, 월수입, 거주형태에 따라 간식의 유형(신선한 과일류, 과자류, 아이스크림 및 음료수)은 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있었다(p < 0.05). 3. 장애아동과의 관계, 응답자의 최종학력, 아버지 직업, 어머니 직업, 월수입, 거주형태에 따른 구강보건교육 참여정도는 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 있었다(p < 0.01).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6071-6074
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• 2014

Background: Evidence suggests that the rs11615 (C>T) polymorphism in the ERCC1 gene may be a risk factor for gynecological tumors. However, results have not been consistent. Therefore we performed this meta-analysis. Methods: Eligible studies were identified by search of PubMed, MEDLINE and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess associations between rs11615 (C>T) and gynecological tumor risk. Heterogeneity among studies was tested and sensitivity analysis was applied. Results: A total of 6 studies were identified, with 1,766 cases and 2,073 controls. No significant association was found overall between rs11615 (C>T) polymorphism and gynecological tumors susceptibility in any genetic model. In further analysis stratified by cancer type, significantly elevated ovarian cancer risk was observed in the homozygote and recessive model comparison (TT vs. CC: OR=1.69, 95% CI=1.03-2.77, heterogeneity=0.876; TT vs. CT/CC: OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.07-2.77, heterogeneity=0.995). Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis suggest that there is no significant association between the rs11615 (C>T) polymorphism and gynecological tumor risk, but it had a increased risk in ovarian cancer.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1986

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 전(全) 해석과정(解析過程)을 two-Levels로 나누었다. Level 1 에서는 two-phases로 나누어 단면(斷面)을 최적화(最適化)하고, Level 2 에서는 트러스의 절점좌표(節點座標)를 변수(變數)로 하여 형상(形狀)을 최적화(最適化)하는 알고리즘을 제시(提示)한 것이다. 이 알고리즘의 Level 1 에서는 유도(誘導)된 비선형계획문제(非緣形計劃問題)를 SUMT 문제(問題)로 변환(變換)시켜 Modified Newton-Raphson Method에 의한 SUMT 법(法)을 채택하고, Leve1 2 에서는 Powell Method의 일방향(一方向) 탐사기법(探査技法)에 의해 목적함수(目的凾數)만이 최소(最小)가 되도록 하는 기법(技法)을 도입하여 최적화(最適化)알고리즘을 제시(提示)하였다. 제시(提示)된 알고리즘을 트러스의 형태(形態), 설계제약조건(設計制約條件), 재하조건(載荷條件) 등을 변화(變化)시켜 가면서 수종의 트러스에 적용(適用)하여 수치계산(數値計算)을 실시하고, 그 결과(結果)를 다른 알고리즘의 결과(結果)와 비교(比較)하므로서 알고리즘의 타당성(妥當性), 안전성(安全性), 적용성(適用性)을 검토하였다. 연구결과(硏究結果)의 two-Level 알고리즘은 트러스의 설계조건(設計條件)에 구애받지 않고 트러스의 형상최적화(形狀最適化)에 적용(適用)할 수 있으며, 안정성(安定性) 있게 비교적(比較的) 빠른 속도(速度)로 최적해(最適解)에 수렴(收斂)한다는 사실이 확인되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5611-5615
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• 2014

Context: Tobacco is the single largest cause of preventable death among adults globally, as it is in India. Despite this alarming situation, there is very minimal inclusion of tobacco in formal education systems, including the medical discipline, in India. Aims: The present study analyzed the extent of integration of tobacco control related content in Masters of Public Health (MPH) curricula of various institutes in India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during January 2011 to May 2011 in all colleges of the country offering a MPH course. The colleges were enlisted using various internet search engines (Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline), other published literature and snowball technique. A 50 items semi-structured questionnaire was designed, posted and e-mailed (followed by hard copy) to the Person-In-Charge of the MPH program. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used to profile the tobacco control content in respective institutions. All data entry and analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 16) for windows. Results: The duration of the MPH course was two years in all institutes and had accreditation with some affiliated body. Tobacco related diseases were covered under 'non communicable diseases' section by every institute. However, a mere 41.4% of institute's had faculty who had received specialized training in tobacco control. More coverage was given to health risks and effects of smoking as compared to cessation interventions (5 A's), symptoms of withdrawal and pharmacological treatments. Only 25% of institutes were in process of introducing tobacco courses into their curricula. Lack of expertise and administrative barriers were cited as perceived major problems in inclusion of tobacco control in MPH curricula. Conclusions: It can be concluded that tobacco control is not receiving adequate attention in public health curricula in India. There is a need for coordinated efforts in the area of tobacco control so as to reduce morbidity and mortality from tobacco induced diseases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.305-309
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• 2020

Breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a common comorbidity in breast cancer survivors. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to evaluate therapeutic response of patients with various medical conditions, it is not routinely used to evaluate lymphedema patients. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies on the use of MRI to evaluate therapy for BCRL. We hypothesized that MRI could provide information otherwise not possible through other examinations. On October 21, 2019, we conducted a systematic review on the PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases, without time frame or language limitations, to identify studies on the use of MRI to evaluate therapy for BCRL. We excluded studies that investigated other applications of MRI, such as lymphedema diagnosis and surgical planning. Of 63 potential articles identified with the search, three case series fulfilled the eligibility criteria. In total, 53 patients with BCRL were included and quantitatively evaluated with MRI before and after manual lymphatic drainage. Authors used MRI or MR lymphagiography to investigate factors such as lymphatic vessel cross-sectional area, tissue water relaxation time (T₂), and chemical exchange saturation transfer. The only study that compared MRI measurement with standard examinations reported that MRI added information to the therapy evaluation. MRI seems to be a promising tool for quantitative measurement of therapeutic response in patients with BCRL. However, the identified studies focused on only manual lymphatic drainage and were limited by the small numbers of patients. More studies are necessary to shed light on the topic.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 STOP 위성의 CCT(Computer Compatible Tape) 데이타를 이용하여 수치표고모델을 생성하는 기술을 개발하므로써, 광역에 대한 수치표고모델을 경제적이고 효율적으로 작성하는 방안을 제시하였다. 경사관측된 한 쌍의 SPOT 수치데이타를 이용하여 표고를 추출하기 위해서는 먼저 관측당시의 위성의 외부표정요소(위성의 위치 및 자세)를 결정하여야 하며, 이것을 위하여 번들조정법을 적용하였다. SPOT 데이타는 항공사진과는 달리 다중 중심투영이므로 외부표정요소에 대하여 라인의 함수형태로 모델링을 하였다. 입체 수치데이타에서 동일점을 찾기 위하여 표준상관계수매칭 기법을 적용하였으며, SPOT 위성데이타에 적합한 기준영역의 크기(매칭사이즈)를 결정하기 위한 실험 결과 13$\times$13의 크기가 적절하였다. 동일점을 자동매칭 기법으로 찾은 후, 외부표정요소를 이용한 공간교차(space intersection) 이론으로 각 점마다의 지상좌표를 결정하였다. 이와 함께 이상표고들을 소거하는 알고리즘을 개발 적용한 결과 상당히 효과적이었으며 수치표고모델의 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2014

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common work-related peripheral neuropathy. In addition to grip force and repetitive hand exertions, wrist posture (hyperextension and hyperflexion) may be a risk factor for CTS among workers. However, findings of studies evaluating the relationship between wrist posture and CTS are inconsistent. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a meta-analysis of existing studies to evaluate the evidence of the relationship between wrist posture at work and risk of CTS. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant studies published between 1980 and 2012. The following search terms were used: "work related", "carpal tunnel syndrome", "wrist posture", and "epidemiology". The studies defined wrist posture as the deviation of the wrist in extension or flexion from a neutral wrist posture. Relative risk (RR) of individual studies for postural risk was pooled to evaluate the overall risk of wrist posture on CTS. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. All were cross-sectional or case-control designs and relied on self-report or observer's estimates for wrist posture assessment. The pooled RR of work-related CTS increased with increasing hours of exposure to wrist deviation or extension/flexion [RR = 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.646-2.43; p < 0.01: Shore-adjusted 95% CI: 1.32-2.97]. Conclusion: We found evidence that prolonged exposure to non-neutral wrist postures is associated with a twofold increased risk for CTS compared with low hours of exposure to non-neutral wrist postures. Workplace interventions to prevent CTS should incorporate training and engineering interventions that reduce sustained non-neutral wrist postures.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.50-57
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• 1996

A numerical method is presented to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the arbitrary tapered beams with static deflection due to arbitrary distributed dead loads. The differential equation governing free vibration of such beams is derived and solved numerically. The double integration method using the trapezoidal rule is used to solve the static behaviour of beams loaded arbitrary distributed dead load. Also, the Improved Euler method and the determinant search method are used to integrate the differential equation subjected to the boundary conditions and to determine the natural frequencies of the beams, respectively. In the numerical examples, the various geometries of the beams are considered : (1) linearly tapered beams as the arbitrary variable cross-section, (2) the triangular, sinusoidal and uniform loads as the arbitrary distributed dead loads and (3) the hinged-hinged, clamped-clamped and hinged-clamped ends as the end constraints. All numerical results are shown as the non-dimensional forms of the system parameters. The lowest three natural frequencies versus load parameter, slenderness ratio and section ratio are reported in figures. And for the comparison purpose, the typical mode shapes with and without the effects of static deflection are presented in the figure. According to the numerical results obtained in this analysis, the following conclusions may be drawn : (1) the natural frequencies increase when the effects of static deflections are included, (2) the effects are larger at the lower modes than the higher ones and (3) it should be betteF to include the effect of static deflection for calculating the frequencies when the beams are supported by both hinged ends or one hinged end.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2013

Purpose: To identify an associations between health care workers' uniforms and health care-associated infection. Methods: Electronic databases, including Ovid-Medline, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, KMbase, and KoreaMed, were searched. The search terms included doctor, nurse, health care worker/staff/assistant, clothing, (white) gown, uniform, (neck)tie, and attire. Only papers published in English and Korean were included. Results: 16 studies were selected from 1,900 references screened. All of the studies were non-comparative studies except for one. Four were conducted with doctors, six with nurses, one with health care workers including physiotherapists and one for medical staff plus visitors in a neonatal intensive care unit. Doctors more frequently changed their uniforms than neckties; therefore, the degree of contamination was more serious in neckties. The cuff zone was more likely to be heavily contaminated than other areas of long-sleeve gowns. Coats become contaminated quickly once worn, and colony counts reached a similar level within the first few hours after wearing them. Wearing a plastic apron or protective clothing did not prevent the bacterial contamination of nurses' uniforms, and the best way to decrease the contamination was changing to newly laundered uniforms before starting every duty. Conclusion: Healthcare workers' uniforms are a potential source of health care-associated infection although there was no robust evidence. The government must establish standards for laundering of uniforms or a requirement for institutions to provide a laundering service for healthcare workers' uniforms.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2004

1.Purpose Stroke is the most frequent cause of mortality and morbidity rate in Korea with ischemic heart disease and cancer. Recent recurrence rate of stroke is high, but little attention had been given to the features of its' cause. The purpose of this studies is to examine the hematologic states in Korean normal adults through premature-examination of stroke(PES). 2.Method The study group consisted of 326 cases that they had no significant results by CT through premature examination of stroke(PES) in Cheonan oriental hospital of Daejeon university. We tested RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, PT, PTT, PLT, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, GOT, GPT, $\gamma$-GTP, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, glucose, BUN, creatinine, Na, K and evaluated by cross sectional study. 3.Result In the PES, there were many patients with low RBC(11%), shorten PT(26.7%), delayed PTT(19.3%), high TP, GPT, ${\gamma}$ -GTP(respective1y 16.9%, 14.4%, 13.5%), high cholesterol level and triglyceride level(respectively 18.7%, 28.2%). We didn't found significant cases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC, PLT, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, GOT, HDL-C, glucose, BUN, creatinine, Na, K. 4.Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated that short PT, high triglyceride level are special views in PES. Also prospective studies are needed continuously to search the preventing methods of the CVA.