• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2016

Two-component epoxy resin is widely used in the cultural heritage restoration field. However according to mixing ratio of resin and hardener, curing property, mechanical strength and chemical structure differ which have possibility to effect the stability of cultural heritage. Result of questionnaire survey shows hands-on workers in the conservation field tend to mix the epoxy resin with his or her eye measurement when the using amount is small or mix additional hardener to shorten the pot life of epoxy resin. This research aims to analyze the curing property, mechanical strength and chemical structure of rapid curing type epoxy resin and medium curing type one depending on relative ratio of 0.25~4 of hardener to resin. When the amount of hardener was 0.5~2 times more than the resin, exothermic heat and curing speed were both increased. In case of included hardener to resin was lower than official ratio, mechanical strength (tensile shear strength, tensile strength and compressive strength) became higher along with active cross-linking bonding of the epoxy resin. Medium curing type epoxy relatively had lower exothermic heat and slower reaction during curing process. It was observed to be put to definite point of mechanical strength under lower content of hardener than official ratio. While, hardener ratio more than twice the resin slowed down the curing greatly and lowered the adhesion strength also. In conclusion, under the lower mixing rate of hardener than official ratio would show relatively fast reaction with similar mechanical strength. Over the official ratio on the other hand, material property drops rapidly. Accordingly, mixing ratio of epoxy resin is expected to be influential to the stability of cultural heritage.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

Purpose: In near infrared spectroscopy, interactance configuration of a light source and a spectrometer probe can provide more information regarding fruit internal attributes, compared to reflectance and transmittance configuration. However, there is no through study on the parameters of interactance measurement setup. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the parameters on the estimation of soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness of muskmelons. Methods: Melon samples were taken from greenhouses at three different harvesting seasons. The prediction models were developed at three distances of 2, 5, and 8 cm between the light source and the spectrometer probe, three measurement points of 2, 3, and 6 evenly distributed on each sample, and different number of fruit samples for calibration models. The performance of the models was compared. Results: In the test at the three distances, the best results were found at a 5 cm distance. The coefficient of determination ($R_{cv}{^2}$) values of the cross-validation were 0.717 (standard error of prediction, SEP=$1.16^{\circ}Brix$) and 0.504 (SEP=4.31 N) for the estimation of SSC and firmness, respectively. The minimum measurement point required to fully represent the spectral characteristics of each fruit sample was 3. The highest $R_{cv}{^2}$ values were 0.736 (SEP=$0.87^{\circ}Brix$) and 0.644 (SEP=4.16 N) for the estimation of SSC and firmness, respectively. The performance of the models began to be saturated when 60 fruit samples were used for developing calibration models. The highest $R_{cv}{^2}$ of 0.713 (SEP=$0.88^{\circ}Brix$) and 0.750 (SEP=3.30 N) for the estimation of SSC and firmness, respectively, were achieved. Conclusions: The performance of the prediction models was quite different according to the condition of interactance measurement setup. In designing a fruit grading machine with interactance configuration, the parameters for interactance measurement setup should be chosen carefully.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.685-691
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• 2020

In this study, an algorithm that recognizes numbers from 0 to 9 was developed using the data obtained after tracking hand movements using the echo signal of a millimeter-wave radar sensor at 77 GHz. The echo signals obtained from the radar sensor by detecting the motion of a hand gesture revealed a cluster of irregular dots due to the difference in scattering cross-sectional area. A valid center point was obtained from them by applying a K-Means algorithm using 3D coordinate values. In addition, the obtained center points were connected to produce a numeric image. The recognition rate was compared by inputting the obtained image and an image similar to human handwriting by applying the smoothing technique to a CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) model trained with MNIST (Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database). The experiment was conducted in two ways. First, in the recognition experiments using images with and without smoothing, average recognition rates of 77.0% and 81.0% were obtained, respectively. In the experiment of the CNN model with augmentation of learning data, a recognition rate of 97.5% and 99.0% on average was obtained in the recognition experiment using the image with and without smoothing technique, respectively. This study can be applied to various non-contact recognition technologies using radar sensors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.225-234
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore possible ways to make a strategical use of CRM(Customer Relationship Management) for facilitating performing arts. In order to satisfy the purpose, this study investigated actual cases of CRM, primarily focusing on LG Art Center, one of representative performance venues in South Korea, and CREDIA, a performing art planning agency in South Korea. Here, it was found that LG Art Center operated its independent TMS(Theater Management System) and thereby could afford to successfully plan performing art programs on the basis of customer-oriented convenient ticketing system as well as a pile of customer information. On the other hand, CREDIA introduced advanced performance management system and has successfully attracted larger membership than before. Moreover, it organized specialized personnel in membership management and thereby could manage membership in systematic manner. And it was found that based on web log analysis, CREDIA developed a variety of products to comply with customer needs and thereby could realize higher returns and better customer satisfaction through cross-selling activities as well as performance ticketing. However, it was found that CREDIA still operated its membership system and mileage point system in stereotypes manner. Thus, it is required to operate differentiated membership system based on membership grades and diversify practical ways to save and use mileage points, so that CRM can be strategically applied to develop new audience and maintain loyal customers.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2009

The combination of focused ion beam (FIB) and 4 point probe nanomanipulator could make various nano manufacturing and electrical measurements possible. In this study, we manufactured individual ZnO nanowire devices and measured those electrical properties. In addition, tensile experiments of metallic Au and Pd nanowires was performed by the same directional alignment of two nanomanipulators and a nanowire. It was confirmed from I-V curves that Ohmic contact is formed between electrodes and nanomanipulators, which is able to directly measure the electrical properties of a nanowire itself. In the mechanical tensile test, Au and Pd nanowires showed a totally different fracture behavior except the realignment from <110> to <002>. The deformation until the fracture was governed by twin for Au and by slip for Pd nanowires, respectively. The crystallographic relationship and fracture mechanism was discussed by TEM observations.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.81-89
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• 2016

Purpose - Prior researches have empirically focused on the effect of management consulting quality and consultant capability on entrepreneurial firms' performance. This study, however, focused on investigating the moderating role of absorptive capacity and resource capability between management consulting and entrepreneurial firms' performance. So, this study investigated the relationship among consulting quality, consultant capability, absorptive capacity, resource capability, and entrepreneurial firms' performance from the resource based view (RBV). Especially, this study focused on the mediating role of absorptive and resource capability in relational structure of entrepreneurial firms' dimensions. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, research hypotheses and model are established by the prior researches from the fields of strategic management and entrepreneurial behavior. Concretely, H1~H4 are the relationship between consulting (consulting quality, consultant capability) and innovation (absorptive capacity, resource capability); H5 is the relationship between absorptive capacity and resource capability; and H6~H7 are the relationship between innovation (absorptive capacity, resource capability) and management performance. The data was collected 207 copies from entrepreneurial firms in South Korea. These firms were established in January 2014 and maintained by November 2015 in high-tech industry. The questionnaire was consisted of five dimensions; consulting quality, consultant capability, absorptive capacity, resource capability, and management performance. Each dimension measured multi items on a 5-point Likert scale. The hypotheses and research model are analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS 22. Results - The results of this study are as follows. 1) Consulting quality significantly influenced on the absorptive capacity of entrepreneurial firms. 2) But, consultant capability did not influence on the absorptive capacity of entrepreneurial firms. 3) Consulting quality and consultant capability significantly influenced on the resource capability of entrepreneurial firms. 4) Absorptive capacity significantly influenced on the resource capability of entrepreneurial firms; 5) Absorptive capacity did not significantly influence on the management performance of entrepreneurial firms. 6) Resource capability, however, significantly influenced on the management performance of entrepreneurial firms. By these results, absorptive capacity of entrepreneurial firms had a mediating role partly among consulting quality, consultant capability, and management capability. The resource capability of entrepreneurial firms had a mediating role among consulting quality, consultant capability, and management capability, perfectly. Conclusions - According to this study, the high level of consulting quality and consultant capability may enforce the resource capability of entrepreneurial firms. It means, practically, that external knowledge is a driver for innovation, and then the innovation effects on the management performance of entrepreneurial firms. So, at the initial stage, the management consulting programs are very important to entrepreneurial firms and should be conceived as an essential element. This study may contribute to the advancement of academic in field of new start business, small business, or venture business based on resources, especially the role of absorptive capacity and resource capability between consulting programs and management performance. However, this study has some limitations. They are the measurement of consulting quality's items, cross-sectional research, and the limitation of concept and industry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.592-597
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• 2020

Currently, river survey data is mainly performed by acquiring longitudinal and cross-sectional data of rivers using total stations or the GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System). There is not much research that addresses the use of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)systems for surveying rivers. This study evaluates the applicability of using LiDAR data for surveying rivers The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport recently launched a drone-based river fluctuation survey. Pilot survey projects were conducted in major rivers nationwide. Studies related to river surveying were performed using the ground LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)system.Accuracy was ensured by extracting the linearity of the object and comparing it with the total station survey performance. Data on trees and other features were extracted to generate three-dimensional geospatial information for the point-cloud data on the ground.Deviations were 0.008~0.048m. and compared with the results of surveying GNSS and the use of drone LiDAR data. Drone LiDAR provided accurate three-dimensional spatial information on the entire target area. It was able to reduce the shaded area caused by the lack of surveying results of the target area. Analyses such as those of area and slope of the target sites are possible. Uses of drones may therefore be anticipated for terrain analyses in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.187-196
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• 2020

Objective: Porcine respiratory disease is one of the most important health problems causing significant economic losses. To understand the genetic basis for susceptibility to swine enzootic pneumonia (EP) in pigs, we detected 102,809 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a total of 249 individuals based on genome-wide sequencing data. Methods: Genome comparison of susceptibility to swine EP in three pig breeds (Jinhua, Erhualian, and Meishan) with two western lines that are considered more resistant (Duroc and Landrace) using cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity and F-statistic (F_ST) statistical approaches identified 691 positively selected genes. Based on quantitative trait loci, gene ontology terms and literature search, we selected 14 candidate genes that have convincible biological functions associated with swine EP or human asthma. Results: Most of these genes were tested by several methods including transcription analysis and candidate genes association study. Among these genes: cytochrome P450 1A1 and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) are involved in fertility; transforming growth factor beta receptor 3 plays a role in meat quality traits; Wnt family member 2, CTNNB1 and transcription factor 7 take part in adipogenesis and fat deposition simultaneously; plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (completely linked to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, r² = 1) plays an essential role in the successful ovulation of matured oocytes in pigs; colipase like 2 (strongly linked to SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor, r² = 0.848) is involved in male fertility. Conclusion: These adverse genes susceptible to swine EP may be selected while selecting for economic traits (especially reproduction traits) due to pleiotropic and hitchhiking effect of linked genes. Our study provided a completely new point of view to understand the genetic basis for susceptibility or resistance to swine EP in pigs thereby, provides insight for designing sustainable breed selection programs. Finally, the candidate genes are crucial due to their potential roles in respiratory diseases in a large number of species, including human.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.449-470
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• 2016

This paper analyzes the effects of nuclear power generation on industrial growth in using the data of 22 manufacturing sectors in 14 nuclear power countries. The hypothesis that the change in the proportion of nuclear power generation in total electricity generation affects industrial value-added and industrial output through industrial electricity price reduction was tested using the dynamic panel data model. First, it was estimated that the increase in nuclear power generation by a 1% leads to a 0.8% reduction in electricity price. The results indicate that when nuclear power generation increased by a 1% point, industrial value-added and output increased by 0.16% and 0.23%,respectively, in the short-run and by 0.51% and 0.85%, respectively, in the long-run. It was also inferred that the effect of nuclear generation on industrial competitiveness working through electricity price reduction rely on institutional settings in the electricity markets. That is, the competitive effect is greater in the countries such as U.K and Japan where electricity price is high and price volatility is large. Meanwhile, in Germany which has pursued phasing out nuclear power, industrial competitiveness is promoted through stable electricity supply.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2007

We fabricated thermally-evaporated 10 nm-Ni/70 w-Poly-Si/200 $nm-SiO_2/Si$ and $10nm-Ni_{0.5}Co_{0.5}/70$ nm-Poly-Si/200 $nm-SiO_2/Si$ structures to investigate the microstructure of nickel monosilicide at the elevated temperatures required fur annealing. Silicides underwent rapid anneal at the temperatures of $600{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$ for 40 seconds. Silicides suitable for the salicide process formed on top of the polycrystalline silicon substrate mimicking the gates. A four-point tester was used to investigate the sheet resistances. A transmission electron microscope and an Auger depth profile scope were employed for the determination of cross sectional microstructure and thickness. 20nm thick nickel cobalt composite silicides on polycrystalline silicon showed low resistance up to $900^{\circ}C$, while the conventional nickle silicide showed low resistance below $900^{\circ}C$. Through TEM analysis, we confirmed that the 70nm-thick nickel cobalt composite silicide showed a unique silicon-silicide mixing at the high silicidation temperature of $1000^{\circ}C$. We identified $Ni_3Si_2,\;CoSi_2$ phase at $700^{\circ}C$ using an X-ray diffractometer. Auger depth profile analysis also supports the presence of this mixed microstructure. Our result implies that our newly proposed NiCo composite silicide from NiCo alloy films process may widen the thermal process window for the salicide process and be suitable for nano-thick silicides.