• Title/Summary/Keyword: Cross Bar

Search Result 274, Processing Time 0.031 seconds

A Study on Seismic Performance for CFT Square Column-to-Beam Connections Reinforced with Asymmetric Lower Diaphragms (이형 하부다이아프램으로 보강된 각형 CFT 기둥-보 접합부의 내진성능에 관한 연구)

  • 최성모;윤여상;김요숙;김진호
    • Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
    • /
    • 2003.09a
    • /
    • pp.163-171
    • /
    • 2003
  • Most of existing beam-to-column connections are reinforced symmetrically because of reverse action cause by earthquake but in the weak-earthquake region like Korea connections reinforced asymmetrically can be used. Specially, the connections between CFT(Concrete Filled Tube) column and H-shape beam can be applied by simplified lower diaphragm. The tensile capacity of Combined Cross Diaphragm for upper reinforcing was tested by simple tension test and four types for lower reinforcing; Combined Cross, None, Horizontal T-bar and Vertical Plate were tested by ANSI/AISC SSPEC 2002 loading program. Horizontal T-bar and stud bolts in vertical flat bar transmit tensile stress from bottom flange of beam to filled concrete. All test specimens were satisfied 0.01 radian of inelastic rotational requirement in ordinary moment frame of AISC seismic provision. As the results of parametric studies, simplified lower diaphragms demonstrated an outstanding strength, stiffness and plastic deformation capacity to use sufficient seismic performance in the field.

  • PDF

Experimental and Analytical Study on the Bus Duct System for the Prediction of Temperature Variations Due To the Fluctuation of Load

  • Thirumurugaveerakumar, S.;Sakthivel, M.;Valarmathi, S.
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.9 no.6
    • /
    • pp.2036-2041
    • /
    • 2014
  • In this paper, a thermal model is developed for the bus bar system to predict the temperature variation during the transient time period and to calculate both the steady-state and transient electrical current carrying capacity (ampacity) of bus bar. The bus bar system installed in the power house of Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore has been considered. Temperature variation predicted in the modelling is validated by observing the current and steady state temperatures in different feeders of the bus bar. Magnetic field of the extreme phases R and B induces more current in the middle phase Y. Hence, the steady state temperature in the phase Y is greater than other two phases. The transient capabilities of the bus bar are illustrated by calculating the variations in the bus bar temperature when it is subjected to a step change in current during the peak hours due to increase in hostel utilities and facilities (5.30 pm to 10.30 pm). The physical and geometrical properties of the bus bar and temperature variation in the bus bar are used to estimate the thermal time constants for common bus bar cross-sections. An analytical expression for the time constant of the bus bar is derived.

Direct Printable Nanowire p-n Junction device

  • Lee, Tae-Il;Choi, Won-Jin;Kar, Jyoti Prakash;Moon, Kyung-Ju;Lee, Min-Jung;Jun, Joo-Hee;Baik, Hong-Koo;Myoung, Jae-Min
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
    • /
    • 2010.05a
    • /
    • pp.30.2-30.2
    • /
    • 2010
  • Nano-scale p-n junction can generate various nano-scale functional devices such as nanowire light emitting diode, nanowire solar cell, and nanowire sensor. The core shell type nanowire p-n junction has been considered for the high efficient devices in many previous reports. On the other hand, although device efficiency is relatively lower, the cross bar type p-n junction has simple topological structure, suggested by C.M. Lieber group, to integrate easily many p-n junction devices in one board. In this study, for the integration of the cross bar nanowire p-n junction device, a simple fabrication route, employed dielectrophoretic array and direct printing techniques, was demonstrated by the successful fabrication and programmable integration of the nanowire cross bar p-n junction solar cell. This direct printing process will give the single nanowire solar cell the opportunity of the integration on the circuit board with other nanowire functional devices.

  • PDF

A Novel Vertical Directional Coupler Switch with Switching Operation-Induced, Extinction Ratio-Adjusted, and Extinction Ratio-Enhanced Sections

  • Cho, Sung-Chan;Hong, Hyun-Ha;Yang, Choong-Reol;Choi, Jee-Yon;Kang, Min-Ho;Hwang, Hyun-Yong;Choi, Young-Woo;Kim, Hae-Geun;Jung, Byung-Min;Kim, Boo-Gyoun
    • ETRI Journal
    • /
    • v.24 no.2
    • /
    • pp.109-116
    • /
    • 2002
  • We propose a novel very short (< $300{\mu}m$) vertical directional coupler switch with high extinction ratios larger than 30 dB. The device consists of a switching operation induced section (SOIS), an extinction ratio adjusted section (ERAS), and an extinction ratio enhanced section (ERES). These are achieved by changing the refractive index of one core. The switching operation is induced by changing the refractive index of one core in the SOIS. The improvement of extinction ratios larger than 30 dB for both the cross and bar states is made by controlling the asymmetry of the refractive indices of both cores in the ERES. Through the ERAS, different extinction ratios between the cross and bar states at the end of the SOIS are changed to the same value. For this reason, the optimum asymmetry of the refractive indices of the cores for the maximum extinction ratios and the lengths of ERES are the same for cross and bar states. Design guidelines for high extinction ratios with large tolerances are presented.

  • PDF

An Analytical Study on Confinement Effect of Transverse Reinforcement and Cross-Tie in Hollow Rectangular Sectional Columns (중공사각단면 기둥에 있어서 횡철근과 Cross-tie의 횡방향 구속 효과에 대한 해석적 연구)

  • 김익현;정영식;신원철;선창호
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
    • /
    • 2003.11a
    • /
    • pp.617-620
    • /
    • 2003
  • This paper presents the confinement effect of transverse reinforcement and cross-tie in hollow rectangular sectional columns. 20 analytical models with different amounts of transverse reinforcement and cross-tie in a plastic hinge region were analyzed by 3D nonlinear FEM. The analytical results show that the higher ductility can be achieved by the resonable combination of transverse re-bar and cross-tie providing sufficient lateral confinement.

  • PDF

Expression and Inheritance of bar Gene in Petunia hybrida Transformed with Agrobacterium (Petunia hybrida에 Agrobacterium으로 도입된 bar Gene의 발현과 후대검정)

  • Ha, Young-Min;Kim, Jong-Chul;Lee, Sang-Woo;Lee, Shin-Woo;Kim, Zhoo-Hyeon
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.30 no.2
    • /
    • pp.143-149
    • /
    • 2003
  • This experiment was carried out to confirm the stability of bar gene introduced into petunia plant through Agrobacerium-mediated transformation. Twenty-five transgenic plants T$_{0}$ plants, back cross (BC$_1$) populations to wild type and F$_1$plants between different T$_{0}$ plants were prepared, and polymerase chain reaction(PCR), PCR-Southern blot analysis, and field test with 0.1% Basta treatment were done. The results of PCR, PCR-Southern blot hybridization, and field test indicated that NPTII and bar gene introduced into the genome of petuina plants were stably transmitted to their progenies, and conferred the plants resistance to herbicide, Basta.sta.

Okakura Kakuzō's Art History: Cross-Cultural Encounters, Hegelian Dialectics and Darwinian Evolution

  • Racel, Masako N.
    • Asian review of World Histories
    • /
    • v.2 no.1
    • /
    • pp.17-45
    • /
    • 2014
  • Okakura Kakuz$\bar{o}$ (1863-1913), the founder of the Japan Art Institute, is best known for his proclamation, "Asia is One." This phrase in his book, The Ideals of the East, and his connections to Bengali revolutionaries resulted in Okakura being remembered as one of Japan's foremost Pan-Asianists. He did not, however, write The Ideals of the East as political propaganda to justify Japanese aggression; he wrote it for Westerners as an exposition of Japan's aesthetic heritage. In fact, he devoted much of his life to the preservation and promotion of Japan's artistic heritage, giving lectures to both Japanese and Western audiences. This did not necessarily mean that he rejected Western philosophy and theories. A close examination of his views of both Eastern and Western art and history reveals that he was greatly influenced by Hegel's notion of dialectics and the evolutionary theories proposed by Darwin and Spencer. Okakura viewed cross-cultural encounters to be a catalyst for change and saw his own time as a critical point where Eastern and Western history was colliding, causing the evolution of both artistic cultures.

A PHOTOELASTIC STRESS ANALYSIS IN MANDIBULAR DISTAL EXTENSION REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE DESIGNED UNILATERALLY WITH DIFFERENT DIRECT RETAINERS (편측성으로 설계된 하악 유리단 국소의치에서 직접유지장치의 설계 변화에 따른 광탄성 응력 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Son Hong-Suk;Kay Kee-Sung
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
    • /
    • v.30 no.1
    • /
    • pp.25-42
    • /
    • 1992
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the magnitude and distribution of stress using a photoelastic model from a unilateral distal extention removable partial dentures with five kinds of the direct retainers, that is, the bilaterally designed bar clasp of the cross-arch lingual bar and the unilaterally designed bar clasp, circumferential clasp, mini-Dalbo attachment, and telescope retainer. A photoelastic model for mandible was made of the epoxy resin(PL-1) and hardner (PLH-1) with the acrylic resin teeth used and was coated with plastic cement-1 at the lingual surface of the model, and then five kinds of removable partial dentures were set, A unilateral vertical load of about 16Kg was applied on the first molar and the stress pattern of the photoelastic model under each condition was analyzed by the reflective circular polariscope. The following results were obtained: 1. The conventional removable partial denture with the bilaterally cross arch lingual bar produced the most favorable stress distribution on the residual ridge and supporting structure of abutment teeth than the unilaterally designed removable partial dentures. 2. The unilaterally designed removable partial denture with the bar clasp produced the stress distribution on the residual ridge, except sligtly higher stress concentration on the supporting structure of the abutment teeth, similar to the conventional removable partial denture with the bilaterally designed cross arch lingual bar. 3. On the unilaterally designed removable partial dentures, the bar clasp produced greater stress distribution on the residual ridge and supporting structure of the abutment teeth than the circumferential clasp. 4. On the unilaterally designed removable partial dentures, the mimi-Dalbo attachment produced relatively higher stress concentration on the residual ridge, but produced lesser stress concentration on the supporting structure of the abutment teeth than the other direct retainers. 5. On the unilaterally designed removable partial dentures, the telescope retainer produced uniform stress distribution on the residual ridge, but produced higher stress concentration at the root apex of the terminal abutment tooth than the other direct retainers. 6. On the unilaterally designed removable partial dentures the circumferential clasp and telescope retainer produced slightly higher stress concentration on the residual ridge and supporting structure of the abutment teeth than the bar clasp and mini- Dalbo attachment.

  • PDF

The implant overdenture on the edentulous mandible using CAD/CAM system: A case report (CAD/CAM system을 이용한 하악 임플란트 피개의치 수복증례)

  • Lee, Si-Eun;Lee, So-Hyoun;Jeon, Young-Chan;Jeong, Chang-Mo;Yun, Mi-Jung;Huh, Jung-Bo
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
    • /
    • v.53 no.1
    • /
    • pp.66-73
    • /
    • 2015
  • Alveolar bone loss and deformation can be a risk factor in removable prosthetic restoration treatment for partially or fully edentulous patients. The use of implants to solve this problem could improve the support, retention and stability of removable restoration. Attachments used in implant overdenture are versatile. The attachment should be selected according to the patients' conditions. Milled bar has been chosen when readymade bar could not be used because of the narrow distance between implants or firm stability and support of supra-structure were needed. Milled bar design is able to provide cross arch stabilization and comfortability to patients. However, it needs skilled laboratory procedures. Recently, the fabrication of milled bar has become simple and its suitability has been improved through the development of CAD/CAM system. In a 67-year-old female Alzheimer's disease patient with 8 implant fixtures on the fully edentulous site of mandible, implant overdenture with using milled bar and magnet attachment was planned. As rapid treatment was required, CAD/CAM system was used to make a simple laboratory procedure instead of a traditional fabrication process. With this system, implant overdenture with milled bar can be fabricated esthetically and functionally.

Elastic flexural and torsional buckling behavior of pre-twisted bar under axial load

  • Chen, Chang Hong;Yao, Yao;Huang, Ying
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
    • /
    • v.49 no.2
    • /
    • pp.273-283
    • /
    • 2014
  • According to deformation features of pre-twisted bar, its elastic bending and torsion buckling equation is developed in the paper. The equation indicates that the bending buckling deformations in two main bending directions are coupled with each other, bending and twist buckling deformations are coupled with each other as well. However, for pre-twisted bar with dual-axis symmetry cross-section, bending buckling deformations are independent to the twist buckling deformation. The research indicates that the elastic torsion buckling load is not related to the pre-twisted angle, and equals to the torsion buckling load of the straight bar. Finite element analysis to pre-twisted bar with different pre-twisted angle is performed, the prediction shows that the assumption of a plane elastic bending buckling deformation curve proposed in previous literature (Shadnam and Abbasnia 2002) may not be accurate, and the curve deviates more from a plane with increasing of the pre-twisting angle. Finally, the parameters analysis is carried out to obtain the relationships between elastic bending buckling critical capacity, the effect of different pre-twisted angles and bending rigidity ratios are studied. The numerical results show that the existence of the pre-twisted angle leads to "resistance" effect of the stronger axis on buckling deformation, and enhances the elastic bending buckling critical capacity. It is noted that the "resistance" is getting stronger and the elastic buckling capacity is higher as the cross section bending rigidity ratio increases.