• 제목/요약/키워드: Crop combination

검색결과 375건 처리시간 0.026초

nrDNA ITS 및 엽록체 DNA 염기서열 분석에 의한 유통 한약재 오가피 판별 (Authentication of Traded Traditional Medicine Ogapi Based on Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers and Chloroplast DNA Sequences)

  • 김정훈;변지희;박효섭;이정훈;이상원;차선우;조준형
    • 한국약용작물학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.489-499
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    • 2015
  • Background : Plants belonging to 5 species of the genus Eleutherococcus are currently distributed in the Korean peninsula. The traditional medicine 'Ogapi', derived from Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus and other related species, and 'Gasiogapi', derived from Eleutherococcus senticosus, are frequently mixed up and marketed. Therefore, accurated identification of their origins in urgently required. Methods and Results : Candidate genes from nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of Eleutherococcus plants were analyzed. Whereas the nrDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were useful in elucidating the phylogenetic relationships among the plants, the cpDNA regions were not as effective. Therefore, a combined analysis with nrDNA-ITS was performed. Various combinations of nrDNA and matK were effective for discriminating among the plants. However, the matK and rpoC1 combination was ineffective for discriminating among some species. Based on these results, it was found that OG1, OG4, OG5, OG7, GS1, GS2, and GS3 were derived from E. sessiliflorus. In particular, it was confirmed that GS1, GS2, and GS3 were not derived from E. senticosus. However, more samples need to be analyzed because identification of the origins of OG2, OG3, OG6 and GS4 was not possible. Conclusion : The ITS2, ITS5a, and matK combination was the most effective in identifying the phylogenetic relationship among Eleutherococcus plants and traditional medicines based on Eleutherococcus.

Brassinolide와 Auxin과의 상호작용의 생물검정에 의한 평가 (Interaction between Brassinolide and Auxins on Bioassays)

  • 최충돈;김순철;이수관
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.58-64
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    • 1990
  • 최근 국내에서 연구가 시작되고 있는 신규 식물생장조정제인 brassinolide류와 기존의 auxin류를 혼용하였을 경우 상호작용성을 구명하여 농업적 이용의 기초자료를 얻고자 몇가지 생물검정법을 이용하여 상호작용의 결과를 분석해 본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 간다. 1. 벼 엽신기부굴절검정에서는 두 화합물의 저농도 혼용조합에서 길항적인 반응을 보였으나, 대부분의 조합에서는 상가 또는 상승작용을 하였으며, 고농도의 혼용일수록 상승효과가 높았고, IAA가 2, 4-D에 비해 다소 혼용효과가 높았다. 2. 귀리 자엽소신장검정에서는 HBR의 농도에 관계없이 IAA 0.1ppm 이하에서는 상승작용을 하였으나 0.3ppm 이상의 혼용에서는 상가적인 반응을 나타내었다. 3. 무 하배축신장검정에서는 자엽의 유무에 의해 반응이 다르게 나타났는데, 자엽을 제거한 절편에서는 IAA 3ppm과 HBR과의 혼용조합을 제외하고는 대부분의 혼용조합이 길항적인 반응을 보였다. 4. 이상에서와 같이 검정방법간 혼용효과가 뚜렷한 차이가 있었으며, 공시재료에 따라 상호작용의 효과가 다르게 나타났는데 auxin의 함량이 비교적 높은 생장점을 가진 절편에서는 대체로 길항작용을 보인 반면, 선단부를 제거하여 내생호르몬이 불안정한 절편에서는 상가 또는 상승작용을 보였다.

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Water/nutrient use efficiency and effect of fertigation: a review

  • Woojin Kim;Yejin Lee;Taek-Keun Oh;Jwakyung Sung
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.919-926
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    • 2022
  • Fertigation, which has been introduced in agricultural fields since 1990, has been widely practiced in upland fields as well as in plastic film houses as part of the crop production system. In accordance with demands in the agricultural sector, a huge number of scientific studies on fertigation have been conducted worldwide. Moreover, with a combination of advanced technologies such as big-data, machine learning, etc., fertigation is positioned as an indispensable tool to achieve sustainable crop production and to enhance nutrient and water use efficiency. In this review, we focused on providing valuable information in terms of crop production and nutrient/water use efficiency. A variety of fertigation studies have described that enhancement of crop production did not differ relative to conventional method or slightly increased. In contrast, fertigation significantly improved nutrient/water use efficiency, with a reduction in use ranging from 20 to 50%. Water-soluble organic resources such as livestock manure and agricultural byproducts also have been identified as useful resources like chemical fertilizers. Furthermore, the initial irrigation point was generally recommended in a range of -10 - -40 kPa, although the point differed according to the crop and crop growth stage. From this review, we suggest that fertigation, which is closely integrated with advanced technology, could be a leading technology to attain not only food security but also carbon neutrality via improvement of nutrient/water use efficiency.

작물의 품종 육성을 위한 복교잡 조합 방법과 그 효과 (Effect of Combination Method on the Four Inbred Lines of Double Cross Hybridization for Crop Population Improvement)

  • 맹돈재;성병열;황종진;하용웅
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제35권6호
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    • pp.532-538
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    • 1990
  • 본 연구는 유전 배경과 초형이 다른 추파소맥 4품종을 공시하였으며, 이들 품종들의 조합배열을 감안하여 단교배 6조합, 3원교배 6조합 및 복교배 3조합을 생산하여 각 교잡방법 및 품종교잡 배열순서에 관한 효율성을 비교 분석하여 교잡육종의 기초자료를 제공하고 신품종 육성의 효율성을 높이고자 시행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면, 1. 교배양식간 비교에 있어서 복교잡에서 가장 빠른 출수를 보였으며 종실수량도 20.3g으로서 가장 많았는데 3원교배 및 단교배 순으로 감소하였는데, 친품종들이 가장 적은 주당수량을 보였다. 2. 주당수량과 수량구성요소에 대한 4$\times$4 단교배 Diallel 분석은 GCA와 SCA에서 각각 조합능력의 차가 인정되었으며, 또한 SCA 효과중 평균 우성편차도 역시 모든 형질에서 차가 있었다. 주당수량의 GCA효과는 그루밀과 Bezostaya 1이 가장 높았으며, 이들 품종들이 실제 주당수량이 가장 많았다. 3. F$_1$의 SCA효과는 (은파밀/Bezostaya 1)조합에서 4.22로가장 높았고, (그루밀/은파밀) 조합에서 2.00으로 가장 낮았다. 4. 3조합의 F$_1$ 복교잡종중에서 (Lancota/은파밀//그루밀/Bezostaya 1) 조합이 주당수량 24.5g으로서 가장 많았고, 이러한 복교잡에 이용된 단교잡종(그루밀/은파밀)과 (Lancota/Bezostaya 1)의 복교잡에 직접 발현되지 않고 이들간의 염색체 교환방법에 의하여 결합되어 (그루밀/Lancota), (그루밀/Bezostaya 1), (은파밀/Lancota) 및 (은파밀/Bezostaya 1)의 조합이 발현되었으며, 이들의 단교배 F$_1$들의 평균 수량도 많고 SCA 효과도 높았다. 5. 3원교잡 F$_1$의 6조합중에서(Lan./Bez.//은파밀) 조합에서 21.3g으로 가장 높은 수량을 보였는데, 이들의 염색체의 상호 교환 결합에 의하여(Lancota/은파밀)과 (Bezostaya 1/은파밀) 조합이 SCA효과가 가장 컸고 평균 종실수량도 다른 3원교잡의 경우보다 많았다.

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Characterization of a New High-lysine Mutant in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

  • Kim, Hong-Sik;Kim, Dea-Wook;Kim, Sun-Lim;Baek, Seong-Bum;Park, Hyoung-Ho;Hwang, Jong-Jin;Kim, Si-Ju
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제43권5호
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    • pp.375-382
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    • 2011
  • A chemical, MNU-induced hulless barley mutant line designated as 'Mutant 98 (M98)' was developed from a Korean hulless waxy barley cultivar, 'Chalssalbori'. The objective of the study was to determine the genetic basis of 'M98' and the possibility of using 'M98' as breeding parent to improve lysine level. Compared to 'Chalssalbori', 'M98' had large embryo and higher lysine content in both the embryo and endosperm. Significantly different lysine content in 'M98' and the other high-lysine barley mutant stocks was observed for two years. However, the genotype by year interaction was not significant. 'M98' was higher than the other high-lysine barley mutant stocks in the percentage of lysine of total amino acid composition (0.75%). The trait of shrunken endosperm of 'M98', which was typical in the high-lysine mutants, was inherited by a single recessive gene. Based on seed morphology and lysine content of $F_1$ seeds, 'M98' had a genetically different gene from the other high-lysine mutants for shrunken endosperm. Segregation of $F_2$ for plump/shrunken endosperm did not fit the expected ratio of Mendelian inheritance except for only one cross combination (GSHO1784 (lys1)/M98). The amino acid analysis of $F_5$ and $F_6$ progenies from the cross between 'M98' and 'Chalssalbori' revealed that the attempt to increase the range of lysine content of plump lines did not go beyond the limit of the average high-lysine barley germplasm.

메티실린-내성 포도상구균에 대하여 EDTA 및 Sodium Azide 병용에 의한 우스닌산 약효증대 (Potentiating Activity of (+)-Usnic Acid on EDTA and Sodium Azide Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

  • 이영섭;김혜성;이재원;이대영;김금숙;김현욱;노건민;이승은;이순애;송옥희;권동렬
    • 생약학회지
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    • 제47권2호
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    • pp.122-127
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    • 2016
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant(MDR) strain. (+)-Usnic acid(UA) is uniquely found in lichens, and is especially abundant in genera such as Usnea and Cladonia. UA has antimicrobial activity against human and plant pathogens. Therefore, UA may be a good antibacterial drug candidate for clinical development. In search of a natural products capable of inhibiting this multidrug-resistant bacteria, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of UA against 17 different strains of the bacterium. In this study, the effects of a combination of UA and permeable agents against MRSA were investigated. For the measurement of cell wall permeability, UA with concentration of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) was used. In the other hand, Sodium azide($NaN_3$) was used as inhibitors of ATPase. Against the 17 strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of UA were in the range of $7.81-31.25{\mu}g/ml$. EDTA or $NaN_3$ cooperation against MRSA showed synergistic activity on cell wall. UA and in combination with EDTA and $NaN_3$ could lead to the development of new combination antibiotics against MRSA infection.

Modeling and Forecasting Livestock Feed Resources in India Using Climate Variables

  • Suresh, K.P.;Kiran, G. Ravi;Giridhar, K.;Sampath, K.T.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.462-470
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    • 2012
  • The availability and efficient use of the feed resources in India are the primary drivers to maximize productivity of Indian livestock. Feed security is vital to the livestock management, extent of use, conservation and productivity enhancement. Assessment and forecasting of livestock feed resources are most important for effective planning and policy making. In the present study, 40 years of data on crop production, land use pattern, rainfall, its deviation from normal, area under crop and yield of crop were collected and modeled to forecast the likely production of feed resources for the next 20 years. The higher order auto-regressive (AR) models were used to develop efficient forecasting models. Use of climatic variables (actual rainfall and its deviation from normal) in combination with non-climatic factors like area under each crop, yield of crop, lag period etc., increased the efficiency of forecasting models. From the best fitting models, the current total dry matter (DM) availability in India was estimated to be 510.6 million tonnes (mt) comprising of 47.2 mt from concentrates, 319.6 mt from crop residues and 143.8 mt from greens. The availability of DM from dry fodder, green fodder and concentrates is forecasted at 409.4, 135.6 and 61.2 mt, respectively, for 2030.

제초제(除草劑) 신기능(新機能) 작물품종(作物品種) 이용(利用) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術) (Weed Management Using a Potential Allelopathic Crop)

  • 김길웅;박광호
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1997
  • Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

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