• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.464-473
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• 2008

Winter migratory birds gather in paddy rice fields to feed shed rice grains. The Korean Ministry of Environment has practiced a policy program Contract on Paddy Field Management (CPFM) during winter fallow since 2002. This program starts with a contract between local governments and farmers, and the government pays a differential subsidy to farmers who finish spreading rice straw, cultivating barley, letting the whole rice plant without harvest, and submerging paddy fields for winter migratory birds. As more local governments have operated CPFM program, the total area on the contract and subsidy budget has increased yearly since 2002. This program could have its stable position as a successful policy by giving profits to farmers. With the program extended, the population of winter migratory birds has been greatly. For the evaluation of environmental performance of a policy, we analyzed this CPFM program by introducing some indicators in the form of Driving Force-State-Response Framework. The indicators were composed of 3 categorized indicators; the area of paddy land contracted under this program as 'driving force' indicator, population of birds, the number of bird species and the amount of feces as 'state' indicators, and the size of monetary support, the number of farmers or local governments participating, and public perception as 'response' indicators. The contract area of paddy field under CPFM could be a good biodiversity indicator reflecting potential performance of this policy measure in the light of its linkage to the population of winter migratory birds. And the share of CPFM land of the whole agricultural land might also be used as a useful indicator of policy evaluation for improvement of wildlife diversity. The 'state' indicators such as population of birds and the number of bird species could be matched to 'driving force' indicator, but the total CPFM area of each site could not reflect the effect of areas under different management practices. However, the amount of bird feces could reflect differences in environmental performance with management practices as 'state' indicators. The development of indicators indicating 'response' such as farmers' behavior, public perception, and policy makers' willingness is also needed to support a successful implementation and improvement of this policy measure with the development of 'performance' indicators integrating all these indicators.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Therefore, this study was carried out in the conservative aspects of rural landscapes in order to effectively manage the landscape of organic agriculture and, intended to be used to maintain and preserve natural and ecologically harmonious landscapes by deriving management methods suitable for landscape elements targeting the major landscape elements of the organic farming complex. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 13 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result, Farm land was formed in a square shape, concentrated in an independent space, planted companion plants around the crop, and covered with plants to manage the borders. As for the surrounding environment, it was analyzed that the aspart road system circulating through the village, the evergreen broad-leaved windbreak forest around the cultivated land, and the accent plant located at the entrance of the village were suitable. The hydrological environment consists of Round small pond made of stone in an open space, natural rivers around the village, and natural channels around the farmland, and The Major facilities are suitable for greenhouses that are shielded by plants in independent regions, and wooden duck houses located inside the cultivation area are suitable and The settlement facilities were analyzed to be suitable for single-story brick houses located in independent residential areas, pavilion located with greenery in the center of the village, and educational spaces shielded with wood from arable land. If supplementary evaluation criteria suitable for the management of organic farming landscape are additionally supplemented based on the results derived from this study, It is expected to enhance the landscape value of ecologically superior organic farming.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2013

본 연구는 제주지역 농경지 이용유형과 토양특성별 미생물체량과 탈수소효소활성을 평가 하고자 수행하였다. 제주지역 밭(50), 과수원(50), 논(30), 시설재배(30) 토양을 3월에 채취 후 토양화학성과 탈수소효소활성, 미생물체량을 분석하였다. 밭 토양의 평균 pH는 6.3이었고 과수원, 시설재배지 토양은 조사지점간에 화학성분 함량의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 돈분퇴비를 시용하는 감귤재배농가의 토양 내 아연과 구리함량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 토양 탈수소효소활성과 미생물체량은 농경지 이용유형에 상관없이 비화산회 토양이 화산회토양보다 높았다. 탈수소효소활성은 밭 토양이 과수원, 논, 시설재배지 토양보다 2-4배 이상 높았고 비화산회토의 밭토양은 38.7 ug TPF $24^{h-1}g^{-1}$를 나타냈다. 미생물체량은 시설재배지 토양이 가장 많았으며 시설재배지 비화산회토양은 216.8 $mg\;kg^{-1}$였다. 시설재배지의 비화산회토양은 탈수소효소활성과 토양유기물($R^2$=0.59), 아연($R^2$=0.65), 구리($R^2$=0.66)의 함량간에 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 화산회토의 밭토양은 유기물함량과 탈수소효소 활성간에 높은 부의상관관계($R^2$=0.57)를 나타냈다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권6_1호
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• pp.1301-1314
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• 2022

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)는 간단한 수식으로 식생 활력도를 파악할 수 있기 때문에, 토지피복, 곡물수확, 농업가뭄, 토양수분, 산림재해 등의 분야에서 지표면의 식생 상태를 나타내는 지시자로 활용되고 있다. 그러나 가시광선과 적외선을 감지하는 광학위성센서는 구름을 투과하여 센싱(sensing)할 수 없으므로, 구름 화소에 대해서는 지표면의 NDVI가 계산될 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 천리안위성 2A호(GEO-KOMPSAT-2A, GK2A) 일단위 NDVI의 과소추정 노이즈를 개선하기 위한 실시간 보정기법을 개발하였으며, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI와의 정량적 비교 및 시계열 변화에 대한 정성적 해석을 통해 제안된 기법의 유용성을 확인하였다. 식생의 생장 주기를 반영한 시계열 보정, 장기간 기후치를 이용한 이상치 제거, 엄밀한 통계기반의 결측화소 복원 등의 과정을 거친 보정 NDVI에서는 구름에 의한 과소추정이 효과적으로 개선되었다. MODIS NDVI와의 상관성이 원값보다 높고, 그 차이가 감소한 경향을 보여주었으며, 특히 여름철에는 32.7%의 향상률을 보였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법은 일부 수정을 거쳐 타 위성산출물에도 적용될 수 있는 확장성을 가지고 있다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.413-419
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• 2008

밀양의 콩 포장에서 채집한 5종 노린재류의 7종 약제에 대한 감수성을 평가하였다. 7종 약제에 대한 노린재의 반수치사농도($LC_{50}$)는 노린재의 종류에 관계없이 deltamethrin에서 0.4${\sim}$2.3 ppm으로 가장 낮았으며, 톱다리개미허리노린재의 fenthion을 제외하면 가로줄노린재, 풀색노린재, 알락수염노린재 및 썩덩나무노린재는 phenthoate에서 가장 높았다. 7종 약제에 대한 노린재류의 평균 반수치사농도는 톱다리 개미허리노린재에서 7.5 ppm으로 가장 낮았으며, 다음은 썩덩나무노린재(16.6 ppm)>알락수염노린재 (17.6 ppm)>풀색노린재(19.1 ppm)>가로줄노린재(28.4 ppm)의 순으로 낮았다. 또한 약제별 추천농도에 대한 노린재의 90% 치사농도의 비로 나타낸 상대적 약제내성비 (상대적 약제내성비=$LC_{90}$/약제별 추천농도)는 톱다리개미허리노린재, 가로줄노린재 및 알락수염노린재는 fipronil에서, 풀색노린재는 fenitrothion에서 썩덩나무노린재는 fenthion에서 가장 낮았다. 노린재류의 7종 약제에 대한 평균 약제내성비는 톱다리개미허리노린재에서 0.09로 가장 낮았으며, 다음은 알락수염노린재(0.26)>풀색노린재(0.30)>가로줄노린재(0.37)>썩덩나무노린재(0.39)의 순으로 낮았다. 그리하여 노린재류의 약제감수성은 톱다리개미허리노린재에서 가장 높았으며, 가로줄노린재에서 가장 낮았고, 상대적 약제내성비는 톱다리개미허리노린재에서 가장 낮았으며, 썩덩나무노린재에서 가장 높았다. 따라서 공시약제에 대한 노린재류의 상대적 내성비가 1.0 미만으로 약제감수성이 매우 높아 콩 포장에서 약제살포에 의한 노린재류의 방제효과는 매우 높을 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2006

고령지 경사지에서 모래성분이 많은 사양토 (석비레) 개간지의 토양특성에 대한 공간변이성과 분포도를 작성하여 공간적 변이를 살펴보고자 각각 $10m{\times}50m$의 면적을 가지는 5개의 포장에서 감자, 양파, 당근, 배추, 무를 재배하여 시험을 수행하였다. 각 포장의 조사지점수는 토양수분 33, 토양경도 11, 작물수량 33이었다. Semivariance 분석 결과, 대부분의 모형은 spherical 모형을 따르고 있었으며, 각 모형에 대해 공간적으로 연속성이 인정되는 거리를 나타내는 범위 (range)는 감자재배구에서 33-35 m로 고르게 큰 값을 보였고, 배추재배지는 5-6 m로 모형에 대한 연속성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 수분과 경도 및 수량에 대한 변이계수는 14-59%로 다양하였고, 감자수량의 변이계수가 59%로 가장 높았으며, 무재배지의 수분은 14%로 낮았다. 표준편차 5% 유의수준에서 10%의 오차를 가지는 경우를 기준으로 적정시료의 수를 조사한 결과, 필요한 시료수는 수분 8-40개, 경도 7-25개, 수량 424-4,6787개가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. Variogram과 분포도를 통해 수분과 경도 및 작물수량의 공간적 분포 및 변이성을 쉽게 파악할 수 있으며, 이를 활용한다면 보다 효율적이고 정밀한 토양관리가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1617-1627
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of suspended solid concentration in small forest watershed, Hwacheon, Gangwondo. For five rainfall events from July 2013 to August 2013, rainfall, discharge, and suspended solid load has been measured. The results showed that the fist flush effect was observed for suspended solid in each rainfall event, sediment rating curve was obtained with $y=30.029x^{1.573}$ at rising limb and $y=12.902x^{1.8827}$ at falling limb, and EMC (event mean concentration) of suspended solid was calculated to 9.4 mg/L. EMC was compared to the values from the watershed that has various land use types and EMC from forest watershed was much lower that from the crop, paddy or low covered forest watershed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.961-967
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• 2018

Lao-native beef cattle are primarily Bos indicus, and most ruminant production in Laos is still dominated by small-scale or backyard producers that use traditional practices, resulting in low productivity. The cattle herd size in Laos has grown by an average of 5 percent per year from 1.52 million in 2010/11 to 1.81 million in 2014/15. In 2016, the Laos cattle population was 1.88 million head, with smallholder farmers representing 98% of production despite efforts by the Laos government to develop commercial-scale farms. There were 170 commercial cattle farms in 2016, with 56 percent in the Central region of Laos. Although, overall, ruminant meat production has tended to increase but with consumption at 7.29 kg/capita/yr in 2013, it remains insufficient to meet demand. Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products used in ruminant diets include rice straw, cassava pulp and wet brewers' grains as roughage, energy and protein sources, respectively. The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China in 2013 will connect China closely with all countries in Southeast Asia. This initiative will change landlocked Laos to land linked for investors who will benefit from convenient transport at a lower cost, promoting agricultural production in Laos.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2012

Rainfall, on Jeju Island varies regionally in relation to Mt. Halla with higher rainfall within southern area and lower in western area, and its variability is expected to expand according to the climate change scenario. Non-parametric trend analysis for rainfall, using both historic (1971-2010) and simulated (2011-2100) data assuming the A1B emissions scenario, shows regionally increasing trends with time. In perspective of agricultural land use, area for market garden including various crop types with high water demand is increasing over the Island, especially in the western area with lower rainfall compared to southern area. On the other hand, area for fruit including mandarin and kiwi with low water demand is widely distributed over southern and northern part having higher rainfall. These regional disparity of water demand/supply may be more affected by extreme events such as drought and heavy rainfall that has not yet been considered. Therefore, it is necessary to make policies for water resource management considering both demand and supply in different regions with climate change impacts over Jeju Island.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.3-6
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• 2005

In this paper, the real scenario of water situation (e.g. water management, water availability and flooding) in an irrigated rice cultivation area in Suphanburi Province, Central-West Thailand is discussed together with the NDVI time series data. The result shown is derived by our classifier named 'Peak Detector Algorithm (PDA)'. The method discriminated 5 classes in terms of irrigation activities and cropping intensities, namely, Non-irrigated, Poorly irrigated - 1 crop/year, Irrigated - 2 crops/year, Irrigated - 3 crops/year and Others (no cultivation happens in a year or other land covers). The overall accuracy of all classified results (1999-2001) is around $77\%$ against independent ground truth data (general activities or function of an area). In the classified results, spatial and temporal inconsistency appeared significantly in the Western and Southern areas of Suphanburi. The inconsistency resulted mainly by anomaly of rainfall pattern in 1999 and their temporal irrigation activity. The algorithm however, was proved that it could detect actual change of irrigation status in a year.