• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2003

Purpose: This descriptive study was conducted to project the number of critical care APNs needed in critical care units in an acute care hospital setting, up to the year 2020. Method: Necessary data and information were collected from various funded reports, professional literature, web-sites and personal visits to national and private institutions. The demand of critical care APNs were projected based on two critical care APNs per critical care units. Result: The projected number of critical APNs for the critical care units in acute care hospital settings as follows: 1) The total projected number of critical care APNs needed for critical care units were 1,270 in 2001. 2) By the year 2020, total number of projected critical care APNs needed in critical care units will be 1,080-1,700. Conclusion: In order to match the supply to the need, the professional organization should direct their efforts toward enacting legislation. Educational systems should identify strategies in initiation of critical care APN programs in masters level as well as standardizing curriculums across the programs.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2006

This study investigated how EFL readers critically read texts which are written in English. Although critical reading has been discussed in advanced EFL and ESL contexts there has not been much research on the critical reading of beginning EFL learners. Many educators are recommending that a critical perspective be adopted so that L2 learners can become empowered rather than indoctrinated. In this study, the researcher has examined the critical reading practices of five beginning level EFL readers in Korea and five first language readers of English in the United States as they read a news editorial article. The significant findings were discussed related to critical reading practice of L2 readers. The findings of the study can help the educators in English education in improving the curriculum, the teaching methodology and the learning theory for EFL reading for critical reading.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 우수 중소자동차부품업체의 정보화 사례를 통해 그들의 경험을 공유하고, 중소기업이 정보화를 추진할 때 활용할 수 있는 주요성공요인을 밝혀내어 자사의 정보화 수준을 스스로 평가할 수 있도록 가이드라인을 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위해 업무프로세스 영역별 정보화 성숙도 지표 및 정보화 성공요인에 관한 기존 연구 분석을 하였고 2002년도와 2003년도 중소기업정보화경영원에서 수행한 정보화 우수기업 발굴사업에서 선정된 7개의 정보화 우수 자동차 부품업체들을 대상으로 업무프로세스 영역별 정보화 성숙도 측정과 성공요인의 중요도를 평가하는 사례연구를 수행하였다. 6개 업무프로세스 영역별(개발, 생산계획, 구매, 생산, 주문처리 및 지원 프로세스)로 5단계의 정보화 성숙도 지표를 제시하여 자동차부품 업종에서 발굴된 정보화 우수 중소기업에 적용, 분석하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 정보시스템을 도입하려는 기업에게 적용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권6호
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• pp.434-441
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• 2010

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem resulting in significant burden for patients and families. However, family caregivers' burden has not been well recognized. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of caregivers' burden and to explore the related factors based on family, patient, and social support factors. Methods: A face-to-face interview with 86 family caregivers who had been taking care of COPD patients was conducted. The participants answered a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included the level of family caregivers' burden, health status and the relationship within the family, functional limitation of patients perceived by family caregivers and the social support. Results: The level of caregivers' burden among participants was considerably high. Risk factors for caregivers' burden included low educational level of family caregivers, low family income, hours of caregiving, and functional limitation of the patients. Protective factors for caregivers' burden were good relationship within the family and support from other family members or friends. Conclusion: It is proved that family caregivers are facing significant burden in taking care of COPD patients. To reduce family caregivers' burden, it is necessary to address socioeconomic status of the family and to provide various community resources including financial support and nursing services.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed at developing a novel tube thoracostomy technique using the sternum, a fixed anatomical structure, as an indicator to reduce the possibility of incorrect chest tube positioning and complications in patients with chest trauma. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the data of 184 patients with chest trauma who were aged ≥18 years, visited a single regional trauma center in Korea between April and June 2022, and underwent chest computed tomography (CT) with their arms down. The conventional gold standard, 5th intercostal space (ICS) method, was compared to the lower 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 of the sternum method by analyzing CT images. Results: When virtual tube thoracostomy routes were drawn at the mid-axillary line at the 5th ICS level, 150 patients (81.5%) on the right side and 179 patients (97.3%) on the left did not pass the diaphragm. However, at the lower 1/2 of the sternum level, 171 patients (92.9%, P<0.001) on the right and 182 patients (98.9%, P= 0.250) on the left did not pass the diaphragm. At the 5th ICS level, 129 patients (70.1%) on the right and 156 patients (84.8%) on the left were located in the safety zone and did not pass the diaphragm. Alternatively, at the lower 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 of the sternum level, 139 (75.5%, P=0.185), 49 (26.6%, P<0.001), and 10 (5.4%, P<0.001), respectively, on the right, and 146 (79.3%, P=0.041), 69 (37.5%, P<0.001), and 16 (8.7%, P<0.001) on the left were located in the safety zone and did not pass the diaphragm. Compared to the conventional 5th ICS method, the sternum 1/2 method had a safety zone prediction sensitivity of 90.0% to 90.7%, and 97.3% to 100% sensitivity for not passing the diaphragm. Conclusions: Using the sternum length as a tube thoracostomy indicator might be feasible.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The schedule hierarchy in construction project is generally composed of three levels. The highest level is a milestone schedule and represented by Bar Chart format. The middle level is an integrated project schedule (IPS) and represented by CPM (Critical Path Method) format. The lowest level is a detail working schedule and usually represented by Bar Chart. The traditional scheduling techniques such as ADM (Arrow Diagramming Method) or PDM (Precedence Diagramming Method) cannot represent all kinds of schedule within schedule hierarchy as identical schedule format. However, the BDM (Beeline Diagramming Method) technique can represent all kinds of schedule within schedule hierarchy as identical CPM format. This paper describes the basic concept, principle, interpretation methods, and schedule computation methods of the BDM as a new networking technique that can represent all kinds of overlapping relationships between activities, and then presents an example of representing three level's schedules within schedule hierarchy by the BDM technique.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.1237-1245
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 주 단위 지하수자원 관리 취약시기 평가 방법을 개발하였다. 강수의 지하수위에 대한 영향을 고려하기 위하여 한계 침투량을 고려한 강우이동평균 방법을 통해 지하수위와의 상관계수를 산정하였다. 취약 시기 평가 기준을 개발하고 평가 기준에 대한 가중치를 엔트로피 방법을 이용하여 산정하였다. 강수와의 상관계수와 산정된 가중치를 이용한 주 단위 지하수자원 관리 취약시기 평가 방법을 개발하였으며, 개발한 방법을 통하여 소규모 행정구역을 대상으로 취약시기를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 방법은 지역적일뿐만 아니라 계절적인 지하수자원의 효율적 관리 대책 수립의 근거가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.278-285
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 SM15C재와 SM35C재에 퍼얼라이트, 페라이트 조직의 영향을 배재한 비교적 균질한 조직인 구상화시멘타이트조직과 SM35C재에 실용조직 이면서 비교적 균질한 조직인 마르텐사이트 조직을 만들고, 가공하였다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2007

The paper provides the approach to apply formal methods to the development and certification criteria of defense safety/security-critical software. RTCA/DO-178B is recognized as a do facto international standard for airworthiness certification but lack of concrete activities and vagueness of verification/certification criteria have been criticized. In the case of MoD Def Stan 00-55, the guidelines based on formal methods are concrete enough and structured for the defense safety-related software. Also Common Criteria Evaluation Assurance Level includes the strict requirements of formal methods for the certification of high-level security software. By analyzing the problems of DO-178B and comparing it with MoD Def Stan 00-55 and Common Criteria, we identity the important issues In safety and security space. And considering the identified issues, we carry out merging of DO-178B and CC EAL7 on the basis of formal methods. Also the actual case studies for formal methods applications are shown with respect to the verification and reuse of software components.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.157-175
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• 2009

This paper offers a critical review of a newspaper argument regarding the problems of high school education assessment for university entrance examination system in the United Kingdom. The media account raises three sets of questioning to hold that the nation's long-standing A-levels have failed and is no longer viable as a high-stakes test. However, it is found that the writer's argumentations involving misleading conceptions can be deconstructed because of invalid reasoning and unreliable evidence. So, it is proposed that a reasonable solution to replace the discredited A-level exams should be to adopt an eclectic approach for assessing candidates' multiple capabilities; performance, potentiality and critical thinking skills. These criteria for component-oriented assessments are designed to measure their high school academic achievements and intellectual capacity for tertiary education; in the process of such measurement, critical-logical reasoning abilities for sound judgment and problem-solving tasks should be incorporated with the basic precondition that each university possesses its own discretion for the determination of adequate proportions to reflect each of the assessment outcomes. It is, therefore, expected that this critical review will inspire the readers to understand aspects of assessment as an educational field and to confirm how seriously they may be misguided by a distorted media argumentation without substantive background knowledge.