• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.529-539
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• 1997

This paper deals with the bending problem of a variable-are-length elastica under moment gradient. The variable are-length arises from the fact that one end of the elastica is hinged while the other end portion is allowed to slide on a frictionless support that is fixed at a given horizontal distance from the hinged end. Based on the elastica theory, exact closed-form solution in the form of elliptic integrals are derived. The bending results show that there exists a maximum or a critical moment for given moment gradient parameters; whereby if the applied moment is less than this critical value, two equilibrium configurations are possible. One of them is stable while the other is unstable because a small disturbance will lead to beam motion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.443-448
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• 1998

With using artificial neural networks (ANNs), an analytical study related to the heated length effect on critical heat flux(CHF) has been carried out to make an improvement of the CHF prediction accuracy based on local condition correlations or table. It has been carried out to suggest a feasible criterion of the threshold length-to-diameter (L/D) value in which heated length could affect CHF. And within the criterion, a L/D correction factor has been developed through conventional regression. In order to validate the developed L/D correction factor, CHF experiment for various heated lengths have been carried out under low and intermediate pressure conditions. The developed threshold L/D correlation provides a new feasible criterion of L/D threshold value. The developed correction factor gives a reasonable accuracy fur the original database, showing the error of -2.18% for average and 27.75% for RMS, and promising results for new experimental data.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1996

This paper considers large deflection problem of a simply supported beam with variable are length subjected to a point load. The beam has one of its ends hinged and at a fixed distance from this end propped by a frictionless support over which the beam can slide freely. This highly nonlinear flexural problem is solved by elliptic-integral method and shooting-optimization technique, thereby providing independent checks on the new solutions. Because the beam can slide freely over the frictionless support, there is a maximum or critical load which the beam can carry and it is dependent on the position of the load. Interestingly, two possible equilibrium configurations can be obtained for a given load magnitude which is less than the critical value. The maximum arc-length was found to be equal to about 2.19 times the fixed distance between the supports and this value is independent of the load position.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2004

A study is conducted to clarify internal and external pressure variation of passenger cabin for KTX. These pressure variation may give rise to the ear-discomfort for passenger and fatigue for carbody. In this study, the pressure variation of interior, gangway and exterior of KTX passenger car is measured by using the atmospheric pressure sensors and portable data acquisition system. The tunnel from 4000m to 200m in length are chosen far the investigation of tunnel length effects. From the results of experiment, the pressure variation of interior per second is under the ear-discomfort limitation in all of tunnel. And, We found that there are similar patterns of exterior pressure variation for each critical tunnel length. These results generally agree to RTRI's experimental result fur Shinkansen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

The positions, attitudes, and internal orientation parameters of three line scanners are critical factors in order to acquire the accurate location of objects on the ground. Based on the assumption that positions and attitudes of the sensors are derived either from direct geo-referencing which of using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), or from indirect geo-referencing which of using Ground Control Points (GCPs), this paper describes on biased effects of Internal Orientation Parameter (IOP) on the ground. The research concentrated on geometrical explanations of effects from different focal length biases on the ground. The Synthetic data was collected by reasonable flight trajectories and attitudes of three line scanners. The result of experiments demonstrated that the focal length bias in case of indirect geo-referencing does not have critical influences on the quality of reconstructed ground space. Also, the relationships between IO parameters and EO parameters were found by the correlation analysis. In fact, the focal length bias in case of the direct geo-referencing caused significant errors on coordinates of reconstructed objects. The RMSE values along the vertical direction and the amount of focal length bias turned out to be almost perfect linear relationship.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develope a critical pathway for the chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer patients and to identify its effects after implementation. Critical pathway was developed through 5 steps including content and clinical validity tests with collaborative efforts of nurses, clinicians, and other allied healthcare professionals with the aim of improving the quality of patient care, while minimizing cost to the patients. This paper was described an evaluation of the impact of a developed critical pathway on complication rate, length of stay, costs, the interval of treatment and patient satisfaction by nonequivalent control group posttest-only non-synchronized research design.Results were compared between the two groups of patients. There were no significant differences in demographic variables and the occurrence of bone marrow suppression between experimental group and control group(t=-0.01, p=0.992). There were statistically significant decreases in the average length of stay(t=-10.45, p=0.000), in the average cost(t=-2.988, p=0.004), and in the interval of treatment(t=-6.75, p=0.000) after implementation of the critical pathway compared to control group. Also, there was a statistically significant improvement of the patient satisfaction after implementation of the critical pathway compared to control group(t=4.57, p=0.000). This paper concludes that critical pathway in chemotherapy for lung cancer, implemented in the context of an general hospital, is the useful tool to shorten the hospital stay, reduce treatment costs, and improve the quality of life in cancer patients. Further study needs to be conducted to identify other clinical outcomes including job satisfaction, collaboration among health professionals and potential for use in education. Also, it is recommended that nurses should revise continuously the developed critical pathway through clinical implementation and maintain their role of patient advocacy through monitoring pathway compliance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate effects of a critical pathway (CP) for stroke patients seen in emergency rooms (ER). Method: The CP developed by the CP committee consisted of 8 criteria: behavior of doctors and nurses, laboratory tests, Image testing, medication, treatment, activity, and nutrition. According to application of CP, a control group (n=17) and experimental group (n=17) were defined. Time was checked by the electronic medical records. Result: Use of CP for stroke patients in the ER, resulted in a decreased length of stay in ER (t=2.341, p=.026), and time required for image testing (t=2.623, p=.021), and an increased number of patients using rtPA ($x^2$=4.802, p=.049). Time required for neurology doctor contact, for neurology doctor to see patient in the ER, and for report of blood tests decreased, but there were no statistical significance. Conclusion: Quick responses are most important in the ER, so CP for these patients is a very effective patient management tool. To reduce delay in stroke diagnosis, continuous education programs for similar symptoms are necessary. CPs for other patients in the ER should be developed, and studies on cost and satisfaction, as well as length of stay, should be done.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

Analytical solutions for laterally loaded piles were derived. Critical pile length which can be considered as the length for behaving as long pile was investigated varying with densities of sandy soils. Lateral behaviors obtained from analytical solution and numerical solution were also investigated. Non-dimensional critical pile lengths obtained from analytical solutions for three types of pile head boundary conditions were 2.3~3.2. By comparing analytical solutions with numerical solutions, distribution of pile deflection and that of moment were similar and it can be seen that pile head deflection obtained by analytical method is conservative. And the values of moments were not too different between analytical solution and numerical solution.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.24-28
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• 2019

Despite the second generation HTS tapes (2G HTS tape) have limits in critical current value, scientific and electric devices require more current density day after day. These requirements are realized by using different superconducting wires that consist of 2G HTS tapes designed in various combinations. Authors of this paper have developed the numerical model for estimation of total critical current in the superconducting wire and critical current in each 2G HTS tape placed in this superconducting wire. The current drop in six 2G HTS tapes having different constructions was analyzed. The result of this research is the decrease of critical current up to 25 % for the stack of tapes and up to 5 % for the parallel tapes in the same plane. In addition, what was also made is the estimation of the current distribution by length for six 25 m 2G HTS tapes in different constructions and determination of current deviation by length of the wire.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.123-134
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• 2000

This study intended to analyze the effectiveness to obtain by developing the critical pathway presented as the method to improve the quality-betterment and cost effectiveness the through the continuous and consistent patient management for the hysterectomy patient and applying it to the real practice. This study was designed to develop and effect the critical pathway for hysterectomy patients in the way to be possible the intergrated in patient management. It was adopted the process of seven phase to develop a critical pathway. To analyze the application effect of the developed critical pathway, this author offered health care service applying the critical pathway to the hysterectomy patient from July. 20 to Oct. 19. 1999. The study method had been done by investigating the experimental group and control group through the questionnaire on 40 patients who had been inpatient hysterectomy. Dependent variables were measured by modified from satisfaction, and cost and length of hospital stay. The data anlyzed by frequency, x2-test, t-test. The results of this study was as follows; 1. It was decided that the vertical line of the critical pathway was made up of eight items such as monitoring/assessment, treatment, activity, medication, consult. Lab test, diet, patient teaching and horizontal line was 7days from admission to discharge. 2. After the verifying the validity of the expert group about the critical pathway, the horizontal line was amended from hospitalization to five postoperative days and taking their consensus, some contents of the horizontal line was amended and deleted. 3. There was no significant differences in the experimental group and control group in the satisfaction, and significant differences in the cost, the length of hospital stay.