• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.187-197
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• 2021

We present following research summary and implications through the analysis of the research. First, the before the opening of public cremation facilities compared to new opening of those, the number of the corpse cremation increases to annual average of 5.5% of the rate, and it has a positive effect on increasing rate of the cremation. Therefore, a policy of expanding the supply of public cremation facilities should be pursued to improve cremation rate in the area of uninstalled public cremation facilities. Second, the before the opening of public cremation facilities compared to new opening of those, the number of the corpse cremation has increased to the annual average 3,623 people(56.9%) at jurisdiction area, while it has decreased to 949 people (28.3%) at the out of the jurisdiction area. The active efforts and building the funding expansion should be made to establish public cremation facilities of the central and local governments to improve convenience of the use of public cremation facilities. Third, since the before and after opening of public cremation facilities at Jeongeup City lead to great effect on demand of jurisdiction area and out of the jurisdiction area, the cremation demand should be reduced through the supply expansion of public cremation facilities and differentiation strategy to control cremation demand at the out of the jurisdiction area, focusing on metropolitan areas with high cremation demand, such as metropolitan areas or metropolitan cities.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2019

We are based on the results of this study, the policy measures for improving the efficiency of supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities in six metropolitan cities in the whole nation could be suggested as follows. First, when the utilization rate of public cremation facilities by citizents out of the jurisdiction area was lower, the overall demand for cremation was high. Therefore, the supply & demand policy of public cremation facilities should be carried forward by preferentially focusing on Busan Metropolitan City(4.1%) and Daegu Metropolitan City(17.9%) with low utilization rate by citizens out of the jurisdiction area. Second, the utilization variance of public cremation facilities in the whole six metropolitan cities in the whole nation, was insignificant(1.4%). Therefore, for the efficiency of supply & demand policy of cremation facilities in those six metropolitan cities, the customized-policies considering the characteristics of each metropolitan city should be carried forward in priority. Third, on the basis of 2018, the population size of those six metropolitan cities in the whole nation is from minimum 1.15million to maximum 3.39million as a large city, and relatively, they are facing many difficulties in the expansion for supply & demand of cremation facilities. Therefore, for the smooth construction of cremation facilities, it would be necessary to enforce policies that could disperse the demand for cremation through the joint construction of cremation facilities with other local governments close to each metropolitan city.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2019

On the basis of 2017, the cremation rate in capital area was 89.0% which was much higher than the national average cremation rate(84.6%). Due to the short supply of cremation facilities in accordance with the increased number of cremation cases every year, the demand for cremation from the residents outside of the jurisdiction area with no cremation facilities was increased, so that the residents in the jurisdiction area had difficulties in using the Online Cremation Reservation Service in Funeral Information System. Thus, this study aims to make suggestions for policies as follows.First, on the basis of 2017, the demand-supply rate of cremation facilities in Gyeonggi-do was 139.4%, which means that the demand for cremation largely exceeds the ability to supply cremation. Therefore, first, in the level of Gyeonggi-do, the expanded supply of cremation facilities should be induced by carrying forward policies such as financial support to the basic local governments installing cremation facilities and expansion of incentives support to the residents of regions attracting cremation facilities. Second, it would be necessary for the central government to expansively conduct the support standard price and government subsidy rate(70%) for the new construction of cremation facilities and the establishment of cremation furnaces. Third, there should be some policies to decrease the inflow of residents outside of the jurisdiction area by raising the fee for using cremation facilities outside of the jurisdiction area of Seoul Metropolitan City and also expanding the application of a sliding scale of cremation hours.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.12-18
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• 2018

As of 2016, the cremation rates in the capital area are 91.2% in Incheon Metropolitan City, 87.5% in Seoul Special City, and 87.1% in Gyeonggi-do Province, of which Incheon has the highest rate, and cremation of general corpses through the online cremation reservation service of the funeral information system is continuously increasing every year. And as of 2017, the ratio of the cremation for those outside the jurisdiction (residents of other regions) among the users of public cremation establishment in Incheon, is about 32%. As the supply capacity is expected to reach the limit within several years due to the increase in demand for such a cremation facility, I would like to suggest a policy as follows. The expansion of cremation supply capacity by increasing the number of operations in the cremation furnace; The attractions of operating funds through contracts for joint use of the cremation facility with other local governments and investment funds for the expansion of cremation facilities; The plan for controlling the demand in cremation such as an increase in cremation charge for those outside the jurisdiction(residents of other regions), should be considered.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2020

In the study, we show the six metropolitan cities, Incheon Metropolitan City had the highest annual average rate(3.2%) of the death toll, from 2011 to 2018, and the overall annual average rise rate was 2.6%. Also, the annual average rise rate of the number of cremators using E-Haneul funeral information system, Gwangju Metropolitan City had the highest rate(7.6%) and the overall annual average rise rate was 5.6%. The annual average rise rate of the cremation rate, Gwangju Metropolitan City had the highest rate(2.8%) and the overall annual average rise rate was 1.9%. Focusing on the actual state shown in the results of this study above, the policy measures for improving the efficiency of supply & demand policy of funeral facilities in six metropolitan cities in the whole nation could be suggested as follows. First, expanding the supply of cremation facilitiesin consideration of the installation period of cremation facilities. Second, given the increase in the number of cremators using E-Haneul Funeral Information System, it is necessary to expand the infrastructure for meeting the demand of using funeral facilities, such as enshrinement facilities of ash and natural burial sites. Third, in such metropolitan cities, it is difficult to resolve a conflict of location with local residents who recognize cremation facilities as unpleasant facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to devise and implement a plan for improving local residents awareness of cremation facilities and resolving the conflict of location in diversified ways. Fourth, it is predicated that Busan and Daegu Metropolitan City will face a lack of supply of cremation facilities in a short time due to the increased demand for them. Therefore, in order to meet the demand for cremation, it is necessary to construct more cremation furnaces in current cremation facilities or to jointly use and expand cremation facilities with their neighboring local government.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

As of 2016, Incheon Metropolitan City's cremation ratio was 91.2%, which is the second highest among all metropolitan municipalities nationwide (Busan Metropolitan City: 92.0%). In addition, the number of cremation at the outside of the jurisdiction has been steadily increasing since 2014. It is analyzed that the number of cremation at the inside of the jurisdiction is 16,004, which is 67.3% of total number of cremation, and the number of cremation at the outside of the jurisdiction is 7,779, which is 32.7%. We would like to suggest the following policy suggestions to solve the problems caused by the increase in cremation demand. First, the number of operations of cremation in public facilities located in Gyeonggi-do adjacent to Incheon Metropolitan City is needed to be increased. Second, the extension of the time limit for the use of cremation facilities of the dead people at the outside of the jurisdiction is needed. Third, the charge for cremation at the outside of the jurisdiction has to be increased. Fourth, improvement measures such as relaxation of residency requirements for deaths at the inside of the jurisdiction, who used the public facilities in Incheon Metropolitan City, should be undertaken.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.154-162
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• 2020

We studies show that ratio of corpse among cremated bodies in public cremation facilities in metropolitan cities using E-Haneul funeral information system is average 90.1%, which is high, in bigger metropolitan cities with over 2 million of population (Incheon, Busan, and Daegu), but is average 81.4%, which is relatively low, in smaller metropolitan cities with less than 2 million of population(Daejeon, Gwangju, and Ulsan). In addition, the cremated bodies ratio of opening remains is average 17.4% in smaller metropolitan cities with less than 2 million of population, but is average 8.9% in those with over 2 million of population, which is relatively low. Finally, the cremated bodies ratio of dead fetuses is average 1.2% in smaller metropolitan cities with less than 2 million of population, and average 1.0% in those with over 2 million of population, which is low. Based on the above result, we are the following suggestions to improve the effectiveness of funeral facility use by the increase of demand for public cremation facilities in metropolitan cities. First, Busan and Daegu, where the shortage of supply is expected due to the increase of demand for cremation of corpse, need to implement supply expansion policy of public cremation facilities to build or expand cremation furnaces. Second, Daejeon, Gwangju, and Ulsan, where the cremated bodies ratio of corpse is low, need to expand supply through expanded operation from existing 4~8 cremation numbers of public cremation facilities to 11 cremation numbers, which is the level of Seoul Metropolitan City. Third, there should be cremation furnaces exclusively for opening remains to prepare the increase of demand for opening remains in the years with leap month.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2018

As the cremation usage in ehaneul funeral information system through online reservation service is showed to increase 50.7% that with use the case of from the 37,784corpse in 2011 to 56,945 corpse in 2017. With these increasing, Seoul Metropolitan City should implement the following policies in order to improve the operation of public cremation facilities. First, additional cremators should be built through smooth negotiations with local residents who live around the planned locations. Second, Seoul Metropolitan City should implement cooperative projects of building joint public cremation facilities with local governments of Gyeonggi-do that are adjacent to Seoul Metropolitan City. Third, decentralize demand of cremation through the establishment of cremation facilities exclusively for open tomb in Seoul Municipal Cemetery. Lastly, should take measures to control cremation demand by expanding differentiated operation of public cremation facilities' use hours for people who live in other regions except residents of Seoul Metropolitan City and by increasing cremation charges.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2021

Based on the results of the survey and analysis of this study, we suggested a plan to activate the use of Capital Area Public Charnel Facilities as follows. First, the elderly population in Korea increased from 11.9% in 2013 to 16.4% in 2020, and the number of deaths also increased from 266,257 in 2013 to 305,127 in 2020. The supply of Public Charnel Facilities should be expanded, reflecting the cremation demand in the future and condition for the supply and increasing demand of Public Charnel Facilities after cremation, due to an increase of 14.6%. Second, it is urgent to expand the supply because the available period of using Capital Area Public Charnel Facilities is a short period of at least one year up to five years. However, as it is difficult to build Public Charnel Facilities due to location conflicts with local residents, joint construction plans between local governments should be promoted along with renting Private Charnel Facilities. Third, the enshrinement number ratio of the Public Charnel Facilities to the total cremation number of Capital Area Public Cremation Facilities is 16.3%, which is low. Therefore, when building Public Charnel Facilities, improvement plans for the use of public funeral facilities, such as modernization and promotion of facility level, quality improvement of service level, and creation of a pleasant environment, should be actively promoted.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2021

Based on a result of we research and analysis of this study, it was analyzed that the average annual cremators number using E-Haneul Funeral Information System among the five public cremation facilities in Jeollabukdo was 9,713 in total before the opening of public creation facilities in Jeongeup City (2013-2015), while the number was 12,159 after the opening of public cremation facilities in Jeongeup City (2016-2019); the number was increased by 2,446, compared to the opening period (2013-2015), with a large increase rate of 25.2%. In addition, the average annual cremation rate before the opening of public cremation facilities in Jeongeup City (from 2013 to 2015) was 71.6%, but the average annual cremation rate during the period after the opening (from 2016 to 2019) was 81.5%, which was a large increase rate of 9.9% compared to period before the opening of the facilities. Based on research results above, we have presented policy suggestions in order to increase the efficiency of operation and management of public cremation facilities by local governments as follows. First, in order to prepare for the increase in demand for cremation due to the increase in cremators number, a policy promotion for the expansion of "public cremation facilities" should be carried out as soon as possible, focusing on local governments whose supply has reached the limit. Second, in order to support the expansion and construction of public cremation facilities, the government subsidy rate and government subsidy at the level of current 70%, provided by the central government, should be further expanded. Third, overcoming theNIMBY conflict overlocation for public cremation facilities, theutilization rate should be enhanced, through the joint construction and facility operation of the public cremation facilities between local governments, and the ef iciency of the project implementation should be improved through the jointsharing of the facility operation cost.