• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.71-73
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• 2006

A 7-month-old female Shih-tzu dog was presented with intermittent trembling, dyspnea, generalized muscle weakness, and unconsciousness after exercise. No remarkable findings were shown in the complete blood counts and the radiographic examination. On serum biochemical profiles, alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase were mildly elevated. Based on history takings, physical examination, and neurological findings, presumptive diagnosis was made as a myasthenia gravis (MG). Clinical signs of this patient were dramatically improved after administration of neostigmine. The result of acetylcholine receptor antibody test in serum was 0.89 nmol/L and the histopathology of muscle were normal. Clinical sign of the patient evaluated in this study is stabilized with long-term administration of pyridostigmine at this time. This case report here describes clinical and clinicopathological findings of a juvenile onset acquired MG in a Shih-tzu dog.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the feeding Cordyceps militaris extract on the improvement of the free fatty acid, lipid peroxide, creatinine and enzyme (creatine phosphokinase; CPK, lactate dehydrogenase; LDH, alkaline phosphatase; ALP, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT) activities in the sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of free fatty acid, lipid peroxide and CPK, LDH, ALP activities in sera were fairly reduced in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration group (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). However, no significance was found in the effect of an creatinine concentration among the groups. The LCAT activity in serum was increased in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration (CHE) than in the hypercholesterolemic diet group (CHD). From these results, Cordyceps militaris extracts were effective on the improvement of the lipid components and metabolic enzyme activities in sera of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.436-447
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• 1989

The effect of Glutamate to myocardial toxicity induced by doxorubicin was studied with 20 male rats. 20 rats divided into 4 subgroups, 1st group was taken for normal control group without any treatment, 2nd group was injected with only doxorubicin, 3rd group was injected with L-glutamate and doxorubicin, and 4thd group was injected with only L-glutamate [all injections were done intraperitoneally]. Observations were made to each group on their gross findings, body weight, and electrocardiography, complete blood count and serum level of creatine phosphokinase. The results were as follows; l. In 1st group, we found no changes. 2. In 2nd group, there were many changes which were loss of body weight, dehydration, loss of body hair, diarrhea and death, in addition, elevation of CPK-MB isoenzyme and changes in EKG due to myocardial damage, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia were also found. 3. In 3rd group, there were more toxic effects containing 2 death cases, compared to 2nd group. 4. In 4th group, we found no specific changes except weight gain. These results suggest that L-glutamate which is intermediate of Krebs cycle may worsen the doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.534-540
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• 2002

To develop novel transdermal formulation for aceclofenac, microemulsion was prepared for increasing its skin permeability. Based on solubiity and phase studies, oil and surfactant was selected and composition was determined. Microemulsion was spontaneously prepared by mixing ingredients and the physicochemical properties such was investigated. The mean diameters of microemulsion were approximately 90 nm and the system was physically stable at room temperature at least for 3 months. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo performance of microemulsion formulation was evaluated. Aceclofenac was released from microemulsion in acidic aqueous medium, and dissolved amounts of aceclofenac was approximately 30% after 240 min. Skin permeation of aceclofenac from microemulsion formulation was higher than that of cream. Following transdermal application of aceclofenac preparation to delayed onset muscle soreness, serum creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly reduced by aceclofenac. Aceclofenac in microemulsion was more potent than cream in the alleviation of muscle pain. Therefore, the microemulsion formulation of aceclofenac appear to be a reasonable transdermal delivery system of the drug with enhanced skin permeability and efficacy for the treatment of muscle damage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2019

Dioscorea japonica Thunberg (DJ) has been widely used as a healthy food in Korea for the enhancement of physical stamina. Hence, the present study evaluated the immune-enhancing effect of DJ in forced swim test of mouse model. The immobility time of the group treated with DJ for 7 days was significantly reduced in comparison with that of the control group. After a forced swimming test, the changes in blood biochemical parameters and splenic T lymphocyte populations induced by the administration of DJ were assessed. Serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly decreased in DJ-administered group compared to the control group. However, administration of DJ did not affect the splenic T lymphocyte populations. Moreover, DJ significantly increased the production of interferon-g and interleukin-2 compared to the media control in splenocytes. Collectively, it may be concluded that DJ is useful for enhancement of physical and immune function.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.850-860
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• 1996

Oxygen free radicals and their metabolites have been implicated as possible causes of reperrusion injury In animal models. Their role in the clinical setting is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of tissue damage, oxidative stress. and changes in the antioxidant enzyme system in patients undergoing cor nary artery bypass graft operations(CABG) with myocardial protection by cold blood cardioplegia. In patients undergoing CABG(n:10). the levels of lactate dehydrogenate(LDH), creatine phosphokinase MB fraction(CK-MB), and malondialdehyde(M DA) were measured In the coronary sinus effluent before aortic cross clamping and 20 minutes after reperfusion. At the same time, the myocardial tissue activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD). catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxiddse(GSHPX), glutathione reductase (GSSGRd), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenate(GfPDH ) were determined in the right atrial auricle excised before aortic cross clamping and in the left atrial auricle excised 20 minutes after reperfuslon. The levels of increased significantly after reperrusion(p< U.05). There were no significant changes in CAT and CfPDH levels. Western blot analysis was performed to study the induction of antioxidant enzyme and demonstrated increased amount of Cu,Zn-SOD.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.348-356
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• 2013

The present study investigated the effects of Hovenia Dulcis (HD) fruit extract powder on the improvement of physical activity, especially exercise capacity. Forty mice were divided into 4 groups including normal controls, negative controls, 100 (HD-100) and 200 (HD-200) mg/kg HD fruit extract powder groups for 5-times exercises using treadmill. Normal control did not performed treadmill running but others did 5-times for 10 days. HD fruit extract powders were administrated orally one-times per day for 10 days before treadmill exercise and normal and negative controls were fed with excipient water. After 5-times exercise, blood biochemical analysis showed that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) activities and blood lactate concentration were statistically increased in negative controls than in normal controls. They were decreased in HD fruit extract powder groups, compared with negative controls. These results were considered as the effects of HD fruit extract powders on reduced tissue damages during exercise. Other measured indices did not reveal remarkable differences. All together, these results suggest that HD fruit extract powders may enhance the exercise performance by recovering the exercise-fatigue via blood lactate concentration by reducing blood LDH activity and via reduction of blood CK and AST activity.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the Cordyceps militaris extract on the improvement of the glucide metabolism in serum of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats (SD strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of creatinine, lipid peroxide and NEFA in sera were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic group (group DMG) and STZ+Cordyceps militaris extract administration group (group DMS) than those in the control group (group BD). However, the concentrations of creatinine, lipid peroxide and NEFA in sera were reduced in the group DMS than those in the group DMG. The activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in serum was lower in the group DMS than in the group DMG. The activity of LCAT in serum was increased in the group DMS (Cordyceps militaris extract administration) than in the group DMG. The results indicate that Cordyceps militaris extract were effective in the improvement of the glucide metabolism in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2008

Lepidium meyenii, known as Maca, is traditionally employed in the Andean region for its supposed properties to improve energy and fertility. In the present study, we investigated the effects of gelatinized and fermented Maca on improvement of physical stamina and epididymal sperm counts, and on blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue and tissue injury: creatine phosphokinase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, total cholesterol and total proteins. Adult male mice was divided at random into two main groups (resting and excercise groups). The excercise group was separated into three subgroups (exercise only, exercise with gelatinized Maca and fermented Maca-treatment groups). Gelatinized or fermented Maca (800 mg/kg) were orally administered for 30 days. All animals in exercise groups were subjected to daily 30-min swimming for 28 days 30 min after Maca treatment. Daily exercise decreased the body weight gain, and fermented Maca further attenuated the body weight increase. Gelatinized and fermented Maca significantly increased the maximum swimming time on 14 and 28 days of treatment (p<0.05), respectively, suggestive of a long-term stamina-enhancing effect of fermented Maca. Both Maca fully or significantly recovered blood parameters of energy as well as muscular and hepatocytic injuries changed by repeated exercise and maximum swimming performance (p<0.01). Moreover, gelatinized and fermented Maca increased epididymal sperm counts 22.0% and 32.0%, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicate potential benefits of Maca for improving both physical stamina by minimizing muscular and hepatic damage and preserving energy during swimming exercise and male reproductive function by increasing epididymal sperm counts.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.562-572
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• 1989

The changes of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT], serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], serum lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] and serum creatine phosphokinase [CPK] were examined during and after the open heart surgery. In the total of 52 patients with heart diseases including 40 cases of congenital heart anomalies and 12 cases of acquired valvular heart diseases who undergone open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The average value of SGOT before surgery was 30.27 [ 18:86 units. The enzyme was reached to the maximum of 139.88 [ 89.43 units on the 1st day after the operation [p< 0.05], the enzyme activity was gradually decreased from the 3rd day after the operation, returned to the normal range on the 7th day after the operation. 2. The average value of SGPT before surgery was 14.36 [ 7.45 units. The enzyme was reached to the maximum of 34.67 [ 27.64 units on the 2nd day after the operation, but it was valueless statistically, the enzyme activity was gradually decreased from the 3rd day after the operation, returned to the normal range on the 5th day after the operation. 3. The average value of LDH before surgery was 263.07 * 86.66 units. The enzyme was reached to the maximum of 662.29 * 303.60 units on the 2nd day after the operation [p < 0.05], the enzyme activity was gradually decreased from the 5th day after the operation, returned to the normal range on the 7th day after the operation. 4. The average value of CPK before surgery was 141.35 * 43.44 units. The enzyme was reached to the maximum of 377.42 [ 222.02 units on the 1st day after the operation [p < 0.05], the enzyme activity was gradually decreased from the 5th day after the operation, returned to the normal range on the 7th day after the operation. 5. In the relationships of the serum enzymes and duration of the extracorporeal circulation, the values on the group over 90 minute of the extracorporeal circulation were increased than on the group below 90 minute of the extracorporeal circulation, but it was valueless statistically.