• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.13-29
• /
• 2001

The enzyme activities of creatine kinase (CK), its isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LD-1) have been used for years in diagnosing patients with chest pain in order to differentiate patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from non-AMI patients. These methods are easy to perform as automated analyses, but they are not specific for cardiac muscle damage. During the early 90's the situation changed. First, creatine kinase ME mass (CK-MB mass) replaced the measurement of CK-MB activity. Subsequently cardiac-specific proteins, troponin T (cTnT) and troponin I (cTnI) appeared and displacing LD-1 analysis. However, troponin concentrations in blood increase only from four to six hours after onset of chest pain. Therefore a rapid marker such as myoglobin, fatty acid binding protein or glycogen phosphorylase BB could be used in early diagnosis of AMI. On the other hand, CK-MB isoforms alone may also be useful in rapid diagnosis of cardiac muscle damage. Myoglobin, CK-MB mass, cTnT and cTnI are nowadays widely used in diagnosing patients with acute chest pain. Myoglobin is not cardiac-specific and therefore requires supplementation with some other analyses such as troponins to support the myoglobin value. Troponins are very highly cardiac-specific. Only the sera of some patients with severe renal failure, which requires hemodialysis, have elevated cTnT and/or cTnI without there being any evidence of cardiac damage. The latest studies have shown that elevated troponin levels in sera of hemodialysis patients point to an increased risk of future cardiac events in a similar manner to the elevated troponin values in sera of patients with unstable angina pectoris. In addition, the bedside tests for cTnT and cTnI alone- or together with myoglobin and CK-ME mass can be used instead of quantitative analyses in the diagnosis of patients with chest pain. These rapid tests are easy to perform and they do not require expensive instrumentation. For the diagnosis of patient with chest pain, routinely myoglobin and CK-ME mass measurements should be performed whenever they are requested (24 h/day) and cTnT or cTnI on admission to the hospital and then 4-6 and 12 hours later and maintained less than 10% in imprecision.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.30 no.9
• /
• pp.772-782
• /
• 2020

Skeletal muscle differentiation or myogenesis is important to maintain muscle mass and metabolic homeostasis. Muscle-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a critical role in skeletal myogenic differentiation. In this study, we examined the expression profiling of miRNAs during myogenic differentiation in rat L6 myoblasts using rat miRNA microarrays. We identified the upregulated expression of miR-128 as well as several well-known myogenic miRNAs, including miR-1, miR-133b, and miR-206. We additionally confirmed the increased expression of miR-128 observed on microarray through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), which showed similarly upregulated expression of both primary miR-128 and mature miR-128, consistent with the microarray findings. Furthermore, transfection of miR-128 into rat L6 myoblasts induced gene expression of myogenic markers such as muscle creatine kinase (MCK), myogenin, and myosin heavy chain (MHC). Protein expression of MHC was increased as well. Inhibition of miR-128 by inhibitory peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) blocked the expression of those myogenic markers. In addition, the transfection of miR-128 into rat L6 myoblasts enhanced the phosphorylation of Erk and Akt proteins stimulated by insulin, while simultaneously reversing the inhibited phosphorylation of Erk and Akt due to insulin resistance. These findings suggest that miR-128 may play important roles in myogenic differentiation and insulin signaling.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.651-656
• /
• 2017

Ursolic acid (UA) supplementation was previously shown to improve skeletal muscle function in resistance-trained men. This study aimed to determine, using the same experimental paradigm, whether UA also has beneficial effects on exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage markers including the levels of cortisol, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in resistance-trained men. Sixteen healthy participants were randomly assigned to resistance training (RT) or RT+UA groups (n=8 per group). Participants were trained according to the RT program (60~80% of 1 repetition, 6 times/week), and the UA group was additionally given UA supplementation (450 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained before and after intervention, and cortisol, BNP, myoglobin, CK, CK-MB, and LDH levels were analyzed. Subjects who underwent RT alone showed no significant change in body composition and markers of skeletal muscle damage, whereas RT+UA group showed slightly decreased body weight and body fat percentage and slightly increased lean body mass, but without statistical significance. In addition, UA supplementation significantly decreased the BNP, CK, CK-MB, and LDH levels (p<0.05). In conclusion, UA supplementation alleviates increased skeletal muscle damage markers after RT. This finding provides evidence for a potential new therapy for resistance-trained men.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

The distal myopathies(DM) are clinically defined as inherited or sporadic primary muscle disorders characterized by progressive muscular weakness and atrophy beginning in the hands or feet and pathologically by myopathic changes in skeletal muscles. The pathologic changes are somewhat similar to those seen in chronic muscular dystrophy, but necrotic and regenerative processes are less prominent and creatine kinase levels are either normal or only mildly elevated. The most representative diseases are dominantly inherited Welander distal myopathy and tibial muscular dystrophy, and the recessively inherited distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles and distal muscular dystrophy(Miyoshi myopathy). At present, further study is necessary to determine why rimmed vacuoles are so common in the DM, and what role they play in the pathogenesis of muscle fiber atrophy and loss, predominantly in the distal portions of the extremities.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.683-688
• /
• 2005

The ischemia-reperfusion injury of the skeletal muscles is caused by generation of reactive oxygen during ischemia and reperfusion. Melatonin or N-Acetyl-5-methoxy- tryptamine is suggested to have antioxidant effects in several tissues. In present study, we examined the protective effect of melatonin in a rat hind limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dimethyl-sulfoxide(DMSO) was also tested for comparison. Ischemia was induced for 4 hours by vascular clamping and followed by 1 hour or 24 hours of reperfusion. Muscle injury was evaluated in 4 groups such as single laparotomy group(control), ischemia-reperfusion group, DMSO group, melatonin group. Eedema ratio and malondialdehyde(MDA) of muscle tissue and serum level of creatine kinase(CK), were measeured at the end of reperfusion. DMSO and melatonin group showed significant amelioration of edema and serum CK compared with ischemia-reperfusion group. The decreasing effect was more prominent in melatonin group. The muscle tissue MDA concentration is significantly lower in melatonin group than in ischemia-reperfusion group. The results show that melatonin prevents and improves ischemia-reperfusion injury more effectively in a rat hind limb than DMSO dose. Thus, clinically the melatonin may be used for a beneficial treatment of such injuries

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.11
• /
• pp.545-551
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to compare the effects of microcurrent stimulation and rest on the fatigue index by applying both to subjects who had accumulated fatigue after performing short-duration physical activity. The experiment was performed at S University from December 2012 to February 2013, on 22 healthy men in their 20s, who were right-handed, and without peripheral or musculoskeletal diseases. All subjects lifted a 10-kg box lift and lower 100 times in 15 minutes. Immediately after that, muscle fatigue index (Median Frequency: MF) and blood fatigue index (Creatine Kinase Lactate: CK, Lactate Dehydrogenase: LDH) were measured by using surface electromyography. The subjects were divided into two groups, and microcurrent stimulation and rest were mediated to the experimental and control groups, respectively, for 20 minutes. After intervention, muscle fatigue index and blood fatigue index were measured and the changes in the accumulated fatigue index were compared. Both groups manifested significantly decreased cumulative fatigue after applying the mediation compared to the pre-intervention level (p < .05), the only exception being the fatigue index of the left erector spinae in the rest group. Compared to the rest group, the microcurrent stimulation group showed a significant decrease in muscle fatigue index (p < .05) but no significant differences were found in the blood fatigue index. Given the results of this study, microcurrent stimulation is considered to be helpful in muscle fatigue recovery for workers who have to perform repetitive movements lifting weights, and additional studies on the correlations of the fatigue recovery with respect to the long-term follow-up of fatigue index and mediation time are necessary.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.298-306
• /
• 2024

This study evaluated the differentiation and protective effects of mixed plant-extract powder in C2C12 muscle cells. Cells were differentiated into myotubes in 2% horse serum (HS)-containing medium with mixed plant-extract powder (MPEP) for 6 days. Treatment with MPEP increased the expression of myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein in cells compared with non-treated cells. Differentiated cells were pretreated with MPEP, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Our results revealed that treatment with MPEP before H₂O₂ treatment increased cell viability and decreased H₂O₂-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). In addition, MPEP attenuated H₂O₂-induced upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2, and activation of caspase-9 and -3. These results suggest the MPEP can stimulate C2C12 muscle cell differentiation into myotubes and observe the protective effect of mixed plant-extract powder against muscle oxidative stress. In conclusion, MPEP may be useful as a prevention and treatment material for skeletal muscle disease caused by age-related diseases.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.136-139
• /
• 2024

Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome that causes various complications due to the release of substances from muscle cells, often associated with preceding infectious diseases. We report the case of a 7-year-old Korean boy with recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, presenting with fever, chills, and generalized body aches, diagnosed as rhabdomyolysis. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review with the aim of delineating the disease spectrum, treatment, and outcomes. We identified seven reports that met the inclusion criteria. Among the cases, 5 had fever, with creatine kinase levels ranging from 3,717 and 274,664 IU/L. Two individuals received treatment in intensive care unit, 2 underwent renal replacement therapy, and 1 case has deceased. For children with coronavirus disease 2019 infection and muscle pain, a thorough examination of urine color and an assessment of muscle enzymes through blood tests can help diagnose and treat rhabdomyolysis, a condition that might otherwise be overlooked.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.924-937
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of resistance training intensity levels on muscle damaged index and aging-related hormones in obese middle-aged women. Thirty middle-aged women having over 30% of body fat participated in this study. The subjects were assigned into 3 groups on the basis of workout intensity, 50% intensity, 60% intensity, and 70% intensity. After performing three different types of exercise for 12 weeks, the levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), melatonin, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S), and growth hormone (GH) in all subjects were assessed before and after the program. Muscle damaged index was effectively changed in low exercise intensity group. However, aging-related hormones were effectively changed in high exercise intensity group. DHEA-S and GH were significantly increased in the 70% intensity group than the other groups.

• Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2018

A 36-year-old male patient developed diffuse low back pain. His past medical history was unremarkable and had no family history of neuromuscular disease. He had no bladder and bowel problems. Creatine kinase was 172 U/L (normal < 170). Other fluid and blood chemistry tests were normal. Manual muscle test grades of extremities and sensory examination were normal. Muscle stretch reflexes were normal. Fasciculations and myotonia were not detected. Straight leg raising test was negative. There was no spinal root compression, spinal stenosis, or signal intensity change of spinal cord on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fatty change and atrophy of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar paraspinal muscles were noted on MRI. Nerve conduction studies were normal. Electromyography showed 1+ positive sharp waves in the lumbar paraspinal muscles. Electromyography of upper and lower extremity muscles revealed no abnormal spontaneous activity. We report a rare case of severe paraspinal muscle atrophy with fatty degeneration in a Young Adult.