• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the serum creative kinase(CK) activity and CK isoenzyme in Jindo dog. Serum CK activity and CK-isoenzyme were analyzed in 53 Jindo dogs of both sexes. The mean value and normal range of serum CK activity were 24.1 lu/$\ell$ and 7-91 lu/$\ell$, respectively, in 29 female dogs, 24.8 lu/$\ell$ and 8-89 lu/$\ell$ in 24 male dogs. The CK activity of the Puppy showed a tendency to be higher than that of the adult. There was no significance between Puppy and adult. Three isoenzymes (CK-MM, CK- BB, and CK-MB) were recognized in serum. The mean percentages of female and male were as follows: 48.31fp and 48.1% for CK-MM, 35.49) and 33.61fp for CK-BB, and 8.2% and 10.1% for CK-MB in the puppy and 46.21% and 46.1 % for CK-MM, 36.3% and 37.6% for CK-BB and 10.5% and 9.5% for CK-MB in the adult.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.573-576
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• 2004

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the lipid peroxidation, creatine kinase activity and cortisol hormone levels following the training intensity in elite judo players. Six elite Judo players participated in the experiments (3h repetition judo program), which include stretching, judo skill practice and cool down without recess. Blood sampling were taken at the judo gymnasium at the time of resting, 1h training, 2h training, 3h training, 2h recovery, and 24h recovery time and this were analyzed for CK, MDA and Cortisol levels. The results obtained were analyzed via repeated measures of ANOVA using SPSS package program (ver.10.0) and a value of p<.05 was considered statistically significant. The results from this study were as follows. In the CK levels, which reflect the contribution of creatine phosphate and muscle damage degree, there was a significant difference (p<.05) after judo training in every period. Recovery 24h showed the highest level. In the MDA levels, which reflect lipid peroxidation, there was a significant difference (p<.05) after judo training. Recovery 2h showed the lowest level. In the cortisol hormone levels, which reflect stress status, there was a significant difference (p<.05). In this study, we can conclude that For the trained athletes, MDA level was lower at the time of exercise compare to the other period, this is caused by the increased antioxidant defence mechanism.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 1984

가토 자궁 근충에서 분리한 상피세포를 10% 송아지혈청, 3mM glutamine이 함유한 Basal Eagle 배지에서 배양한 결과 세포 성장 시간은 53시간이 소요되었고, estrogen에 insulin을 첨가했을 때는 40시간으로 감소하였다. Creatine kinase 활성 단위는 단백질 mg당 0.019 unit이었다. 활성의 30%가 이온상태가 높은 완충액에서 추출되었고, plasminogen 활성 인자는 세포 백만당 140 CTA unit였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2005

목 적: 로타바이러스에 의한 급성위장관염이 있는 환아들에서 AST/ALT가 증가되어 있는 경우 중 CK가 증가된 경우가 있어 이들 환아들의 임상 양상이나 검사에서 특이 소견이 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2001년 1월부터 2005년 3월까지 본원에서 로타바이러스 위장관염으로 진단된 환아들 중 AST/ALT가 증가해 있고, CK가 증가해 있는 환아들의 의 무기록을 통하여 임상 양상과 검사결과를 종합하였으며, 통계학적 유의성에 대해서 조사하였다. 결 과: 총 14명의 환아가 AST나 ALT가 증가되어 있으면서 CK가 증가되어있었다. 평균 연령은 1년 5개월이었으며, 연도별 빈도는 차이가 없었다. 동반 증상으로 설사, 구토, 열, 경련, 감기 증상의 유무에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 탈수의 정도가 CK 농도 증가에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 설사의 기간도 연관성은 없었다. 14명 모두에서 CK가 증가될 수 있는 질환의 증거는 없었으며, 회복기에 정상화되는 것을 확인하였다. AST나 ALT, LDH의 농도가 높을 수록 CK의 농도가 증가하는지 확인하였으나 연관성은 없었다. 3명의 환아에서는 CK가 1,000 IU/L이상 증가되어 있었는데, 이들에서 급성 신부전이나 경련, 근육통 등의 소견은 없었다. 결 론: 로타바이러스 위장관염 환아들에서 AST/ALT가 증가할 수 있음은 이미 알려져 있으나 그 기전은 아직 이해되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 AST 나 ALT의 증가 외에도 CK가 증가될 수 있음을 확인하였으나 어떤 기전에 의하는지, CK가 증가할 수 있는 특정 조건이 있는지는 알 수 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1762-1772
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• 2013

The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of pre-slaughter stress, season and breed on the activity of plasma creatine kinase (CK) and the quality of mutton. One hundred and seventy-three (173) castrated sheep from Dormer (DM), South African Mutton Merino (SAMM), Dorper (DP) and Blackhead Persian (BP) sheep breeds were used in the study. The animals were grouped according to age-groups as follows: Group 1 (6 to 8 months), Group 2 (9 to 12 months) and Group 3 (13 to 16 months). Blood samples were collected during exsanguinations using disposable vacutainer tubes for CK analysis. Representative samples of the Muscularis longissimuss thoracis et. lumborum (LTL) were collected from 84 castrated sheep, of different breeds (28 per breed) 24 h after slaughter. The following physico-chemical characteristics of mutton were determined; meat pH ($pH_{24}$), color ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$), thawing and cooking losses and Warner Braztler Shear Force (WBSF). The activity of plasma CK was significantly higher (p<0.001) in summer ($1,026.3{\pm}105.06$) and lower in winter ($723.3{\pm}77.75$). There were higher values for $L^*$ ($33.7{\pm}0.94$), $b^*$ ($11.5{\pm}0.48$) and WBSF ($29.5{\pm}1.46$) in summer season than in winter season; $L^*$ ($29.4{\pm}0.64$), $b^*$ ($10.2{\pm}0.33$) and WBSF ($21.2{\pm}0.99$). The activity of plasma CK was influenced by the type of breed with Dormer having the highest (p>0.001) levels ($1,358.6{\pm}191.08$) of CK. South African Mutton Merino had higher values for $pH_{24}$ ($5.9{\pm}0.06$), $L^*$ ($34.2{\pm}0.97$), $b^*$ ($12.2{\pm}0.50$) and WBSF ($26.8{\pm}1.51$) and Blackhead Persian had higher values ($35.5{\pm}2.17$) for cooking loss (CL%) than the other breeds. Computed Principal Component Analyses (PCA) on the activity of plasma CK and physico-chemical characteristics of mutton revealed no correlations between these variables. However, positive correlations were observed between $pH_{24}$, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, CL% and WBSF. Relationships between pre-slaughter stress, CK activity and physico-chemical characteristics of mutton were also observed. It was therefore concluded that although mutton quality and creatine kinase were not related, pre-slaughter stress, season and breed affected the activity of creatine kinase and mutton quality.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2020

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Ultrasonication-Assisted (UA) extraction on the functionality of the herbaceous biennial plant maca (Lepidium meyenii). The specific objectives include comparison of the antioxidant activities among various maca extracts, determination of the macamide B content of the extracts, and in vitro evaluation of maca on cell viability and creatine kinase (CK) activity. The antioxidant activities of the water, ethanol, and UA extracts were compared by determining the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the extracts. The macamide B content of maca extracts were analyzed by HPLC. The effects of the extracts on muscle cell viability and creatine kinase activity were also determined using C2C12 myoblasts. UA extraction significantly increased the total phenolic content (2.90 GAE ㎍/mg, p < 0.05), without affecting the flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity did not exhibit any statistical difference among the extracts. The ethanol and UA extracts exhibited significantly higher FRAP than the water extract (p < 0.05). The macamide B content of ethanol and UA extracts were 0.087 and 0.083 ㎍/mg, respectively. The water and UA extracts exhibited higher C2C12 muscle cell viability than the ethanol extract, and both extracts resulted in a significantly lower CK level than the H₂O₂-treated control group. This research suggests that the maca extract can protect muscle cells and serve as an antifatigue agent under oxidative stress conditions.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.426-431
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• 2006

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), representing a population of undifferentiated pluripotent cells with both self-renewal and multilineage differentiation characteristics, are capable of spontaneous differentiation into cardiomyocytes. The present study sought to define the kinetic characterization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) of ESC- and neonatal-derived cardiomyocytes. Spontaneously differentiated cardiomyocytes from embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from mouse ESC line (Royan B1) and neonatal cardiomyocytes were dispersed in a buffer solution. Enzymes were extracted by sonication and centrifugation for kinetic evaluation of LDH and CK with spectrophotometric methods. While a comparison between the kinetic properties of the LDH and CK of both groups revealed not only different Michaelis constants and optimum temperatures for LDH but also different Michaelis constants and optimum pH for CK, the pH profile of LDH and optimum temperature of CK were similar. In defining some kinetic properties of cardiac metabolic enzymes of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes, our results are expected to further facilitate the use of ESCs as an experimental model.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.901-913
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• 1989

This study was investigated under the postulation that activation of intracellular calcium- calmodulin complex during ischemia-reperfusion leads to myocardial injury. The protective effects of calcium channel blocker, diltiazem and calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine, flunarizine and calmidazolium from ischemic injury in rat hearts were observed by using Langendorff apparatus when the antagonists were infused for 3 min in the beginning of ischemia. Thereby, an increase in resting tension developed during 30-min ischemia was analyzed with regard to [1] the degree of cardiac functional recovery following 60-min reperfusion, [2] changes in biochemical variables evoked during 30-min ischemia. The results obtained were as follows: l. In the ischemic group, the resting tension was increased by 4.1*0.2 g at 30-min ischemia. However, the increase in resting tension was markedly reduced not only by pretreatment with diltiazem [3.3 p M] but also with calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine [3.3 p M], flunarizine [0.5 p M] and calmidazolium [0.5 p M], respectively. 2. Recovery of myocardial contractility, +dF /dt and coronary flow were much reduced when evoked by reperfusion in the ischemic group. These variables were significantly improved either by pretreatment with diltiazem or with calmodulin inhibitors. 3. The resting tension increment evoked during ischemia was significantly inversely correlated with the degree of cardiac function recovered during reperfusion. 4. Following 30-min ischemia, the production of malondialdehyde and release of lysosomal enzyme were much increased in association with a decrease in creatine kinase activity. 5. The increases in malondialdehyde production and release of free lysosomal enzyme were suppressed by pretreatment with calmodulin inhibitors as well as diltiazem. Likewise, the decrease of creatine kinase activities was prevented by these calcium antagonists. With these results, it is indicated that a increase in resting tension observed during ischemia has an inverse relationship to the cardiac function recovered following reperfusion, and further, the later may be significantly dependent on the degree of biochemical alterations occurred during ischemia such as decrease in creatine kinase activity, increased production of malondialdehyde and increased release of free lysosomal enzyme. Thus it is concluded that calmodulin plays a pivotal role in the process of ischemic injury.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 1995

The role of polyamines in skeletal myoblast differentiation was investigated using the polyamine metabolic inhibitor methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)(MGBG). Concentrations of intracellular free spermidine and spermine increased 2 to 2.5-fold at the onset of myoblast fusion. The systhesis of actin, and creatine kinase activity both dramatically increased during myotube formation. However, MGBG at a concentration of 0.5 mM not only abolished the increase of intracellular free polyamines, but also reduced cell fusion to almost half the level of untreated cells, without noticeable morphological alteration. The production of actin, and creatine kinase activity were almost completely abolished by MGBG. The inhibition of myoblast fusion by MGBG was partially recovered with 0.1 mM of spermidine or spermine added externally. Results indicate that polyamines are necessary for normal myoblast differentiation. Since the first indication of myoblast differentiation is alignment of muscle cells and membrane fusion of adjacent cells, and since polyamine depletion completely inhibited the synthesis of actin, which might be associted with membranes, polyamine might be involved in myoblast differentiation through membrane reorganization events.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2020

Background: Ginseng effectively reduces fatigue in both animal models and clinical trials. However, the mechanism of action is not completely understood, and its molecular targets remain largely unknown. Methods: By screening for proteins that interact with the primary components of ginseng (ginsenosides) in an affinity chromatography assay, we have identified muscle-type creatine kinase (CK-MM) as a potential target in skeletal muscle tissues. Results: Biolayer interferometry analysis showed that ginsenoside metabolites, instead of parent ginsenosides, had direct interaction with recombinant human CK-MM. Subsequently, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), which is a ginsenoside metabolite and displayed the strongest interaction with CK-MM in the study, was selected as a representative to confirm direct binding and its biological importance. Biolayer interferometry kinetics analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry assay demonstrated that PPD specifically bound to human CK-MM. Moreover, the mutation of key amino acids predicted by molecular docking decreased the affinity between PPD and CK-MM. The direct binding activated CK-MM activity in vitro and in vivo, which increased the levels of tissue phosphocreatine and strengthened the function of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system in skeletal muscle, thus buffering cellular ATP, delaying exercise-induced lactate accumulation, and improving exercise performance in mice. Conclusion: Our results suggest a cellular target and an initiating molecular event by which ginseng reduces fatigue. All these findings indicate PPD as a small molecular activator of CK-MM, which can help in further developing better CK-MM activators based on the dammarane-type triterpenoid structure.