• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2003

In view of the importance of muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKMM) gene as a genetic factor for athletic performance, we investigate the relationship between elite athletic performance and two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (Ncol and Taql RFLPs) in the CKMM gene. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells of 98 unrelated male Korean elite athletes and 04 sedentary controls, respectively. Two genetic polymorphisms in the CKMM gene were detected by the polymerase chain reaction and the digestion with restriction endonucleases, Ncol and Taql, respectively. There were no significant associations between two genetic polymorphisms in the CKMM gene and elite athletic performance or clinical parameters in our subjects. Therefore, these findings suggest that two genetic polymorphisms in the CKMM gene may not be useful as genetic markers to predict the athletic performance in male Koreans.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

Expression analysis of development-related genes was conducted using differential screening of 6-month-old [18M(-), 6M-18M] specific and 18-month-old [6M(-), 18M-6M] specific subtracted cDNA libraries constructed by subtractive hybridization using skeletal muscle of 6- and 18-month-old dark-banded rockfish Sebastes inermis. A total 202 cDNA clones displaying different expression levels in each stage were obtained; among them, 32 clones showing up-regulation were finally selected for further expression analysis. We sequenced the clones and analyzed individual sequences. Genes expressed specifically in 6-month-old skeletal muscle were identified as myosin, adenylate kinase, calsequestrin, dystrobrevin beta, and diphosphate kinase-Z1. Genes showing strong expression in 18-month-old rockfish were identified as desmin, TGFBR2 (transforming growth factor-beta receptor), muscle-type creatine kinase, and cathepsin D. Expression of these genes was checked further in 6-18-30-42 month-old dark-banded rock fish. Rapid reduction of expression was observed in dystrobrevin beta and diphosphate kinase. However, expression of creatine kinase (muscle type) and cathepsin D increased as dark-banded rockfish grew, and remained even after 18 months. The results reported here demonstrate that genes related to muscles contract are expressed at an early stage of development, and genes controlling energy in muscles are predominantly expressed at a late developmental stage.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.74-91
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• 2002

This studies to investigate the effects of ultrasound and swimming on the changes of the serum creatine kinase, latate dehydrogenase, aspatate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, in peripheral nerve and muscle injury rats. The forty Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups: the experimental groups(3), and the peripheral nerve and muscle injury control group(1). There was made artificial injured by ischial nerve and muscle of each rats the each experimental ultrasound group and swimming group were treated from 3 days after being injuried for the 5 minutes and 10 minutes every day during the 10 days and 16 days respectively. The results were as follows: 1. The activities of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase were significantly decreased on of the ultrasound and swimming groups for 10 days. All experimental group were significantly decreased for 16 days. there were significantly decreased the swimming group and ultrasound group were to the 10 days group. 2. The activities of asparatate aminotransferase, alalnine aminotransferase on the ultrasound group were significantly increased to the injured control group, there were significantly decreased the ultrasound group for 16 days group were to the 10 days group and there were significantly increased the swimming group for 16 days group were to the 10 days group. 3. The activities of alkaline phosphatase changes were no difference all experimental groups, there were significantly increased for 16 days group to the 10 days group. From these results it may be concluded that the effects of the ultrasound and swimming, the changes of the serum activities creatine kinase , lactate dehydrogenase of (; the objective indicates) to the muscle regeneration process of the nerve and muscle injured rats.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Purpose : Delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both trascutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) Micro current(MC) and only normal Therapy on Delyed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). Method : The Methods ten untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (60Hz) MC($60{\mu}A$, 3pps) a control group that received no MC treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24hours and 48hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of paining(visual analogue scale: VAS) and CK(Creatine kinase) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Results : 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by two-way repeated ANOVA. The Results that t-test for VAS revealed significant differences within TENS group. 3) The t-test for VAS, and Creatine Kinase of time revealed significant differences within MC group. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both TENS and MENS had effect on DOMS.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.426-431
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• 2006

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), representing a population of undifferentiated pluripotent cells with both self-renewal and multilineage differentiation characteristics, are capable of spontaneous differentiation into cardiomyocytes. The present study sought to define the kinetic characterization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) of ESC- and neonatal-derived cardiomyocytes. Spontaneously differentiated cardiomyocytes from embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from mouse ESC line (Royan B1) and neonatal cardiomyocytes were dispersed in a buffer solution. Enzymes were extracted by sonication and centrifugation for kinetic evaluation of LDH and CK with spectrophotometric methods. While a comparison between the kinetic properties of the LDH and CK of both groups revealed not only different Michaelis constants and optimum temperatures for LDH but also different Michaelis constants and optimum pH for CK, the pH profile of LDH and optimum temperature of CK were similar. In defining some kinetic properties of cardiac metabolic enzymes of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes, our results are expected to further facilitate the use of ESCs as an experimental model.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 1986

In order to elucidate the effect of neurotransmitter on the differention of myoblasts in vitro, dopamine was administered to the myoblasts at varying stages of myogenesis, and the fusion index, the rate of creatine kinase (CK) synthesis, and the sensitivity to dopamine were determined. When dopamine $(3 \\times 10^{-5} M)$ was administered at 34 hr after myoblast seeding, a significant decrease in the fusion index as well as CK synthesis was observed, indicating a good correlation exists between these two parameters. In other experiment, dopamine was administered at varying stages of myogenesis and the inhibitory effect of dopamine as scored by fusion index at 96 hr was found to be cyclic in nature. This finding raised a possibility that arrangement of dopamine receptors occurs according to the cell cycle stages in myogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2003

A necrotizing skeletal myopathy was diagnosed in three flocks of 30,000 thirty-eight-week-old layer breeder chickens. The mortality attributed to the myopathy was 17.7%, 12.3% and 21.1% in flock A, B and C, respectively. Clinically, chickens were showed depression, anorexia, posterior paresis, inability to rise, incoordination, reluctance to move, and leg trembling and weakness. The most striking findings at necropsy was pale streaking in the muscles of the thighs and legs. Microscopic lesions included myofiber degeneration and necrosis with massive cellular proliferation interpreted as sarcolemmal nuclei proliferation. Plasma creatine kinase, asparte aminotransferase and akaline phosphatase were markedly elevated. In conclusion, author suggested that submitted chickens were affected by ionophores poisoning.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 1986

Using an isolated rat heart preparation under both aerobic and ischemic condition, we observed the myocardial protective effect of verapamil cardioplegia. Isolated working hearts were subjected to global ischemia at 25oC. Before ischemic arrest, rat hearts were treated with cold potassium cardioplegic solution [K=30 mEq/L] in control group and cold potassium cardioplegic solution added with verapamil [1 mg/L] in other group. After 30 min. of ischemia, hemodynamic parameters and creatine kinase leakage in coronary effluent were observed. Verapamil group exhibited greater percent of recovery in aortic pressure [p<0.01], aortic flow [p<0.01], and stroke volume [p<0.05]. Although there were no significant difference in creatine kinase leakage and the percent recovery of cardiac output between verapamil and control group, verapamil group showed better myocardial function. But the time to recover regular sinus rhythm was significantly [p<0.001] prolonged in verapamil group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.717-725
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• 2014

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of animal related factors on bruising in slaughter cattle, creatine kinase (CK) and beef quality. Three hundred and twenty one cattle from three breeds (108 Bonsmara, 130 Beefmaster and 83 Brahman) were used in this study. The animals were grouped as follows: Group 1 (16 months old), Group 2 (18 months old) and Group 3 (24 months old). At exsanguinations, blood samples for CK determination were collected using disposable vacutainer tubes. Muscularis longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) was collected 24 h after slaughter to determine the colour ($L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$) and ultimate pH ($pH_u$) of beef. Breed, sex and age had significant effects (p<0.05) on bruising score, CK levels and beef quality. Bonsmara breed had the highest (80%) bruising score percentage, CK ($705.3{\pm}80.57U/L$) and $pH_u$ ($6.3{\pm}0.05$) values while the Bonsmara had the highest $L^*$ ($24.8{\pm}0.78$) $a^*$ ($17.5{\pm}0.53$) and $b^*$ ($12.8{\pm}0.53$) values. Higher CK levels were also observed in winter compared to summer, spring and autumn respectively. Therefore, animal factors (sex, breed and animal age at slaughter) contribute to the development of bruises and have an effect on the levels of CK and meat quality. It was also concluded that there is no significant relationship between meat parameters (L,* $a^*$, and $b^*$) and CK levels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1680-1685
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• 2015

Since ancient days, domestic horses have been closely associated with human civilization. Today, horse racing is an important industry. Various genes involved in energy production and muscle contraction are differentially regulated during a race. Among them, creatine kinase (CK) is well known for its regulation of energy preservation in animal cells. CK is an iso-enzyme, encoded by different genes and expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain and leucocytes. We confirmed that the expression of CK-M significantly increased in the blood after a 30 minute exercise period, while no considerable change was observed in skeletal muscle. Analysis of various tissues showed an ubiquitous expression of the CK-M gene in the horse; CK-M mRNA expression was predominant in the skeletal muscle and the cardiac muscle compared to other tissues. An evolutionary study by synonymous and non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism ratio of CK-M gene revealed a positive selection that was conserved in the horse. More studies are warranted in order to develop the expression of CK-M gene as a biomarker in blood of thoroughbred horses.