• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2008

The objective of the present study was to compare the chemical and sensory properties of regular cream cheese (control) and cholesterol-reduced cream cheese manufactured using crosslinked ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD) or powdered ${\beta}$-CD. Crosslinked ${\beta}$-CD was made using adipic acid. The composition of cream cheese treated by the crosslinked ${\beta}$-CD was similar to the regular cream cheese. Approximately 91% of cholesterol-reduction was observed in the cheeses that were treated using ${\beta}$-CD, which was not significantly different between powdered vs. crosslinked ${\beta}$-CD treatments. Total amount of short-chain free fatty acids was significantly lower in both ${\beta}$-CD-treated cheeses than in the control cheese throughout the storage. The cheeses made by ${\beta}$-CD-treated cream produced much lower amounts of individual free amino acids than the control in all periods. Most rheological characteristics, except cohesiveness, decreased dramatically in the control compared with the cholesterol-reduced cream cheeses. In sensory attributes, both wateryness and spreadability in ${\beta}$-CD-treated cheeses were significantly higher than in the control during 8 wk storage. Sensory scores for sourness increased significantly in the control from 4 to 8 wk storage, however, those in the cream cheese made by crosslinked-${\beta}$-CD treated cream increased slowly during 8 wk storage, which was shown in the control during a 4 wk period. Therefore, the present study showed the possibility of cholesterol-reduced cream cheese manufacture.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.386-394
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of topical lidocaine cream on pain and anxiety during the AV fistula puncture among hemodialysis patients. Methods: The study employed one group repeated measurement design. The data were collected from 50 hemodialysis patients who received AV fistula puncture. The topical lidocaine cream was applied 30 minutes before the puncture. The data were measured total 3 times (T1=without lidocaine, T2=2% lidocaine, T3=5% lidocaine). Pain was measured by VAS and a behavioral checklist. Anxiety was measured by Korean manual of SCL-90-R. Results: Patients with 5% lidocaine cream reported significantly lower of VAS pain score than those with 2% lidocaine and without lidocaine. Patients with 2% lidocaine cream reported significantly lower of behavioral pain scores than those without lidocaine, but less effective than 5% lidocaine cream. Patients with 2% lidocaine cream reported significantly lower of anxiety scores than those without lidocaine, but less effective than 5% lidocaine cream. Conclusion: Topical application of lidocaine cream for 30 minutes before AV fistula puncture significantly decreased pain and anxiety among hemodialysis patients. Specifically 5% lidocaine was more effective than 2% lidocaine for both pain and anxiety.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.879-885
• /
• 2011

This study was to identify and quantify the flavor compounds in cream cheese and cholesterol-removed cream cheese made from whole milk powder stored at $7^{\circ}C$ for 4 wk. Flavor compounds of cream cheese were identified using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and quantified by gas chromatography. The tentatively identified flavor compounds were mainly eight from fatty acids in cream cheese made from whole milk powder (CCWMP) and nine from fatty acids in cholesterol-removed cream cheese made from whole milk powder (CRCCWMP). In quantitative analysis of the flavor compounds, most of the volatile compounds were slightly increased during storage. N-Decanoic acid was produced only in CCWMP. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that the quality and quantity of flavor compounds in CCWMP and CRCCWMP have almost no adverse effects in comparison with that of whole milk-made cream cheese.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.241-247
• /
• 2012

In this study, the preparation characteristics of cream cheese added mousse cake which can easily be accessible among the mousse cakes, have drawn a lot of attention from the modern people, However, there have been a lack of studies that focused on the manufacturing of the mousse cake with a various added proportion rates of main ingredients, fresh cream in mousse cake by 0%, 25%, 35%, 45%, and 55%. While the sugar concentration has increased, except for the control group, there is no significant difference. In case of chromaticity, it has shown high level at L values. In addition, values have shown bigger values as increasing the added amount, and b values have shown smaller values as increasing the added amount. For moisture content, it has shown as steadily increasing by heightening the added amount of cream cheese. For texture, CM3 added by 35% in all the items, except for hardness, has shown the best result and CM3 added by all 35% in all the items, has also been evaluated as highest. Based on all the results, it can be concluded that the addition of cream cheese by 35% to fresh cream is most appropriate, on manufacturing the cream cheese mousse cake.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of EMLA cream (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics, lidocaine and prilocaine) on pain during ampicillin sodium intradermal (ID) skin test, and also to assess skin reaction after the skin test. Methods: Forty-three nurse-volunteers had skin tests with 0.01ml-0.05ml ampicillin sodium antibiotics. Skin tests were done on each forearm to compare the pain level of the skin test site after application of EMLA cream with the pain level when no EMLA cream was applied. EMLA cream was applied at the ID skin test site with an occlusive dressing for one hour. Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and pain sensation using the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The transverse diameter of the wheal and redness was read right after and at 15 minutes after the skin test. The results were compared using independent t-tests. Results: Pain score and sensation with EMLA cream treatment were significantly lower than when EMLA cream was not applied. There was no difference in skin reactions; reading of the skin test was not affected by EMLA cream. Conclusions: EMLA cream was found to be an effective local anesthetic to relieve the pain of clients having ampicillin sodium antibiotics ID skin tests.

• 식품보건융합연구
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze current trends in the Korean ice cream industry and determine how these trends affect the competitiveness of each ice cream company. Method: This study was conducted by reviewing existing related literature and collecting and analyzing data from news articles, corporate reports, and existing researchers' studies related to the ice cream industry. Results: The Korean ice cream industry is growing and developing through the collaboration of fun marketing with taste, quality, and fun elements, and the young MZ generation can be said to be the main customer base. In terms of quality, premium ice cream made with high-quality domestic ingredients has recently been gaining popularity, and ice cream with reduced fat and sugar, such as plant-based substitutes, is also gaining popularity among consumers. Conclusions and Implications: The results of this study highlight the need for continued innovation in the Korean ice cream industry. The industry must also capitalize on the growth of online sales and the global appeal of Korean pop culture. Sustainability efforts, technology adoption, and strategic collaboration are key drivers for future industry success, and social media engagement must be integrated into marketing strategies to increase brand awareness and consumer loyalty.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2000

Gel and cream containing 5% and 10% ketonic fraction (KF) of Leptospermum scoparium, respectively were formulated. Antimicrobial activity, stability, anti-inflammatory effect, rheological properties, drug release and acute toxicity for these topical efficacy were evaluated. Gel and cream containing neomycin or gentamycin in combination with KF has potent antimicrobial activity. Gel and cream were physically stable and did not show any creaming for 6 months storage. Gel showed plastic flow with yield value and cream showed pseudoplastic flow with hysteresis loop. The gel and cream containing KF showed higher viscosity than control or commercial one. The viscosity increased as the concentration of KF increased. Both 10% gel and cream showed a significant decrease in swelling when applied to the carrageenan- injected paw, suggesting local antiinflammatory activity. Particularly, 10% gel preparation showed similar antiinflammatory activity when compared with commercially available drugs. Percent of drug released and diffusion coefficient were in the order of 5% gel, 10% gel, 5% cream, and 10% cream, respectively. There were no significant changes of body weight in rats percutaneously administered with 10% cream and gel when compared with control. There were no induced acute toxicity when 10% cream or gel was applied to rats. Leptospermum scoparium could be practicaly used in topical preparations.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.236-244
• /
• 1988

Ice cream용 유화제로 사용되는 monoglyceride의 지방산 조성에 따른 ice cream의 물성에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토하였다. 일반적으로 monolaurin부터 monostearin의 포화지방산 monoglyceride에는 각기 성질에 큰 차이가 없었으나 monocaprin및 불포화지방산인 monoolein에서는 ice cream의 점도가 현저히 상승되어 적합한 overrun과 보형성이 양호한 ice cream이 만들어지며 이의 원인은 지방구의 응집 때문으로 확인되었다. 한편 포화지방산 monoglyceride는 overrun이 freezing time의 초기에 발생되기 쉽지만 시간이 경과함에 따라 차츰 저하되는 반면 불포화지방산 monoglyceride는 액상 또는 저융점으로 인해 기름에 대한 융해성이 커짐으로써 overrun이 초기에는 어려우나 freezing time이 경과함에 따라 지방구가 입체적인 망상구조를 이룰뿐 아니라 지방구의 응집을 나타냄으로써 overrun이 개선되며 ice cream에 보형성을 증진시키는 결과를 얻었다. 또한 monostearin과 monoolein의 비율에 있어서는 30:70의 부근에서 지방구의 응집이 극대점을 나타내고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.389-394
• /
• 2019

When conducting risk assessments of cosmetic ingredients, it is important that reliable exposure information is obtained for cosmetic products. As cosmetics are becoming more diverse, continuous effort must be made to obtain exposure data that reflect their growth and usage trends. The usage pattern of cosmetics, such as the application area and amount used, may differ by product type and also by country. We conducted a survey to compare the amount of sun spray and sun cream used in a usage environment in South Korea. The study was conducted on Haeundae Beach, one of the most popular beaches in South Korea. A total of 1,255 beachgoers participated in this study; 604 and 651 participants used the sun spray and sun cream, respectively, while sunbathing and enjoying water activities on the beach for one day. Exposure was analyzed following a probabilistic method. On comparing all subjects, it was found that the group that used sun spray (mean: 44.52 g/day) used significantly more product (p = 0.000) than those who used sun cream (mean: 20.51 g/day). By analyzing the daily exposure of sun spray and sun cream per unit body weight according to age and gender, the exposure amount of sun spray and sun cream was found to be highest among 2~9 year-old girls (mean for sun spray: 2.51 g/kg/day, p95: 5.50 g/kg/day, mean for sun cream: 0.79 g/kg/day, p95: 1.79 g/kg/day). The amount of sun spray used is approximately twice that of sun cream. Among both the sun spray and sun cream groups, the exposure amount per unit body weight was highest in girls younger than 10. These factors should be considered when conducting risk assessments of sun spray and sun cream.

• 셀메드
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.7.1-7.4
• /
• 2019

In this study, we investigated an inhibitory effect of AST cream on atopic dermatitis (AD) using a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD murine model. Topical treatment with AST cream ameliorated the severity of AD-like lesional skin through decreases in infiltration of inflammatory cells and time of scratching behaviors. Also, AST cream reduced histamine and IgE levels in serum. The protein levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in AD-like lesional skin were suppressed by AST cream. These findings suggest that AST cream would be an alternative therapeutic agent for AD-like skin diseases.