• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2006

Objectives : This study is designed in order to evaluate oriental medical treatment of deveation of the eye and mouth caused trauma. Methods : The authors observed patient by Yanagihara's unweighted grading system for operated acupuncture treatment, herbal medicine treatment and physiotherapy. Conclusion : 1. Deveation of the eye and mouth is caused by trauma ; intra cranial trauma, intra temporal bone trauma, extra, temporal bone trauma, etc. Cardinal symptom is palsy of Facial muscle, slobbering, articulation disorder, epiphora, ear pain, hyperacusis, laterality hypogeusia. 2. Deveation of the eye and mouth patient by Lt. temporal bone Fx. is seen evaluate of Yanagihara's total score ; from S to 35. 3. Deveation of the eye and mouth patient by facial nerve inhury is seen evaluate of Yanagihara's total score ; from 10 to 30. 4. Traumatic Deveation of the eye and mouth patient evaluate by oriental medical treatmend ; acupuncture treatment, herbal medicine treatment and physiotherapy. This is based on sil(賞) of stomach channel of foot yangming & larhe intestine channel of hand Yangming.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1980-1991
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• 2017

Many stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation therapy require a quantitative indicator for the evaluation of body function in paretic and non-paretic regions. In this study, the impedance parameters were acquired to assess the physical status in the upper extremity of thirty six stroke patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral hemorrhage (10 patients) and cerebral infarction (26 patients), using bioelectrical impedance. Prediction marker (PM), phase angle (PA), PM/PA, and resistance (R) versus reactance ($X_c$) were utilized to evaluate the functional status of the paretic and non-paretic regions. In addition, the hand grip strength (HGS) and the pinch strength (lateral, palmer, tip) were measured on the upper extremity of hemiplegic stroke patients. PM was distributed in inversely proportional to HGS, but PA was distributed in proportional to HGS. However, there were a number of patients with HGS of 0, regardless of the impedance parameters (PM, PA, R vs. $X_c$). Paretic and non-paretic status in upper extremity of these patients could not be analyzed using impedance parameters. At the rehabilitation therapist's instructions, they were unable to move the hand and fingers of the paretic upper extremity by cranial nerve damage, motor nerve damage, and severe cognitive decline.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2007

Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor typically originated in the schwann cell of vestibular nerve and usually accompany hearing symptom. Microsurgical removal and radiosurgery have a great role for the treatment of VS. Recently radiosurgery has been considered as an alternative or primary treatment for VS with the tremendous increase of patients who were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) though microsurgery still takes the premier. By many published results, it is proved that GKS is a effective and noninvasive technique for VS, especially small sized tumors with satisfactory tumor control rate. The authors assumed that GKS can be expected to achieve satisfactory tumor control rate for small VS under 5cc in volume. A major interest regarding radiosurgery nowadays is to determine the optimal radiation dose for hearing preservation to improve the quality of life of patients. The more high radiation dose are used for effective tumor growth control, the more radiation-related complications like as hearing deficit, the impairment of other cranial nerve function are increased. Since 1990's the mean radiation dose for tumor margin was more than 18 Gy, but there were high complication rate in spite of good tumor growth control. After the year of 2000, under the influence of advanced neuro-imaging techniques and radiosurgical planning system which enable clinicians to do more precise planning, marginal dose for VS has been decreased to 12-13 Gy and the radiation-related complications has been reduced. But because there may be a unexpected radiation induced complications as time goes by after the latency period, optimal radiation dose for VS should be established on the basis of more long term follow-up observation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.301-310
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• 1998

Infrared thermographic imaging visualizes noninvasively various abnormal condition by detecting the skin temperature. As the imaging represents the objective condition by the changes in blood flow under the control of autonomic nervous system, it is used to diagnosis and monitor the lumboscral radiculopathy. And asymmetry is important in the diagnosis of disc herniation. The most common type of disc herniation occurs psoterolaterally. This frequently causes nerve root compression leading to a radiculopathy in the distribution of the involved nerve root, most of which also provoke the asymmetric changes in thermography. Central disc herniation, which accounts for 5% to 35% of disc herniation, is typically associated with low back pain. But radiculopathy is usually abscent unless central disc heriniaton is large enough to cause compression of the cauda equina. To evalute the diagnostic value of the thermographic imaging in the diagnosis of central disc herniation, the imaging of 15 normal subjects and 48 patients with central disc herniation documented by CT scan were analyzed. The patients had either bilateral radiculophathy or no radiculopathy. The imaging of patient group with non rediculopathy did not show any significant thermal difference to control. While bilateral radiculopathy group reveled hypothermic pattern compared twith control. Thermal difference between left and right side did not present any significance in non radiculopathy group but hypothermia in bilateral radiculopathy group. Large herniation group demonstrated hyperthemic pattern while the others showed no significant change. Cranial caudal thermal difference did not show any difference between experiment groups. These results shows that infrared thermographic imaging can be used central disc herniation with bilateral radiculopathy, while it seems to little useful on the diagnosis of non radiculopathic disc herniation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.640-647
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• 2004

Pregnancy related stroke is significant because it has dire impact on both mother and the fetus. Pregnant or puerperal women are reported to have about 13-fold more risk of stroke compared to non-pregnant women. Pregnancy-related stroke must be differentiated from stroke in elderly patients, because it is different in pathophysiological etiologies and recurrence rates and also diagnostic and therapeutic methods may affect the fetal health status. Because the VI cranial nerve manages lateral rectus muscles, it' s palsy causes sudden onset of double vision. The eyes turn medially. In this article, one case of paralytic strabismus resulting from pontine hematoma during puerperium is reported. It was treated with herb medicine and acupuncture. Symptoms improved. This case is submitted with a brief overview of related lit.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.607-611
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• 2010

Bickerstaff 뇌간 뇌염은(BBE) 4주 이내의 진행성이며, 비교적 대칭성으로 오는 안근 마비와 실조증, 의식 장애 또는 심부건 반사 항진 등의 임상적 특징을 가지며, 뇌간을 침범하는 타 질환을 배제하였을 때 진단할 수 있는 드문 질환이다. 혈청 또는 뇌척수액의 항 Ganglioside 항체(GM, GD and GQ) 는 때로 BBE의 진단에 도움이 되기도 하며, 뇌 자기 공명 영상, 뇌 척수액 검사, 신경 전도 검사 및 근 전도 검사 등은 진단에 크게 도움이 되지 않는다. 저자들은 안근 마비, 실조증, 언어 운동 장애, 연하 장애, 점진적 사지 마비, 의식 저하 등의 증상을 보이며 혈청과 뇌척수액에서 anti-GM1 항체의 증가를 보여 BBE로 진단하고 면역 글로불린과 스테로이드 치료 후 완치되었던 9세의 여아의 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.186-193
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• 2001

Objectives : Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm are caused by vascular compression of the REZ(root entry or exit zone) of the 5th and the 7th cranial nerve. Preoperative detection of neurovascular compression is essential for accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and the good operative results. Three dimensional Fourier Transformation-Constructive Interference in Steady State(3DFT-CISS) images are known to give good contrast between CSF, nerve, and vessels. We applied a 3DFT-CISS imaging technique for the preoperative evaluation of patients with these diseases and estimated the diagnostic accuracy and usefulness of this study. Methods : A series of 71 patients with trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm were treated by microvascular decompression. Among them 34 patients with trigeminal neuralgia and 24 patients with hemifacial spasm had preoperative CISS images. We compared the radiologic finding with the operative finding, and analysed the diagnostic usefulness of 3DFT-CISS imaging. Results : The sensitivity of CISS images of detecting the neurovascular compression was 90.3% in trigeminal neuralgia and 100% in hemifacial spasm. There were one false-positive and three false-negative cases in trigeminal neuralgia, and one false-positive case in hemifacial spasm. The accuracy in diagnosing the causative vessel was 73.5% in trigeminal neuralgia and 83.3% in hemifacial spasm. Conclusion : CISS image is very useful diagnostic tool for preoperative evaluation of neurovascular compression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. No additional neuroradiologic examination other than CISS image and MRA is needed for preoperative evaluation of patients with trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2021

Objective : Electrooculography (EOG) records eyeball movements as changes in the potential difference between the negatively charged retina and the positively charged cornea. We aimed to investigate whether reliable EOG waveforms can be evoked by electrical stimulation of the oculomotor and abducens nerves during skull base surgery. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the records of 18 patients who had undergone a skull base tumor surgery using EOG (11 craniotomies and seven endonasal endoscopic surgeries). Stimulation was performed at 5 Hz with a stimulus duration of 200 μs and an intensity of 0.1-5 mA using a concentric bipolar probe. Recording electrodes were placed on the upper (active) and lower (reference) eyelids, and on the outer corners of both eyes; the active electrode was placed on the contralateral side. Results : Reproducibly triggered EOG waveforms were observed in all cases. Electrical stimulation of cranial nerves (CNs) III and VI elicited positive waveforms and negative waveforms, respectively, in the horizontal recording. The median latencies were 3.1 and 0.5 ms for craniotomies and endonasal endoscopic surgeries, respectively (p=0.007). Additionally, the median amplitudes were 33.7 and 46.4 μV for craniotomies and endonasal endoscopic surgeries, respectively (p=0.40). Conclusion : This study showed reliably triggered EOG waveforms with stimulation of CNs III and VI during skull base surgery. The latency was different according to the point of stimulation and thus predictable. As EOG is noninvasive and relatively easy to perform, it can be used to identify the ocular motor nerves during surgeries as an alternative of electromyography.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2002

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effects Samyoo-tang Extract (SE) on the vascular systems, including changes in blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : The changes in rCBF were determined by Laser-Doppler flowmetry through the opened cranial method and norepinephrine (NE)-induced blood vessel contractions were determined by physiograph in the pulmonary artery of isolated rabbits. Results and Conclusion : 1. Contractions evoked by NE ($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by SE in the pulmonary artery. 2. SE inhibited the relaxation of NE induced contractions pretreated with propranolol. 3. SE did not inhibit the relaxation of NE induced contractions pretreated with ODQ and L-NNA. 4. Blood pressure was not affected by SE in rats. 5. rCBF was increased by SE in a dose-dependent manner. 6. Pretreatment with propranolol was increased by SE in a dose-dependent manner in blond pressure. 7. Pretreatment with methylene blue, ODQ and L-NNA did not inhibit SE induced increased in rCBF. These results indicate that SE can relax NE-induced contraction of rabbit blood vessels and increased the changes of rCBF in rats, that relate to the sympathetic nerve system.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 1983

A total of 47 patients with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was treated in Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital during last 4 years. Of the 47 patients, 23(49%) had undifferentiated carcinoma, 20(43%) had squamous cell carcinoma, while 4(8%) had lymphoepithelioma. Most of the patients(71%) has Stage IV disease, cervical lymph node metastases were found in 36(77%) and distant metastasis was found in 1 at the time of diagnosis. Complete response rate after radiotherapy for 47 patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 85.1%. The overall actuarial 3 year survival rates was 0.718 and the disease free actuarial 3 year survival rates was 0.468. Nodal involvement and symptom duration were statistically significiant influencing factors for actuarial survival rate. Treatment failures were found in 20 patients (42.6%), local recurrence only in 6(30%), local and neck recurrence in 3(15%), local recurrence with metastasis in 4(20%) and distant metastasis only in 7(35%). Local failures were more frequent in the patients with cranial nerve symptoms (P=0.032). Distant metastases were more frequent with T4 lesions (P=0.047), and with nodal involvement (P<0.01). Retreatment after the tumor recurrence was chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, two pationts refreated for local recurrence were alive without evidence of disease for more than 19 and 44 months after retreatment.