• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.501-511
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• 2022

In this study, a two-dimensional model of the contact problem has been examined using the finite element method (FEM) based software ANSYS and based on the multilayer perceptron (MLP), an artificial neural network (ANN). For this purpose, a functionally graded (FG) half-infinite layer (HIL) with a crack pressed by means of two rigid blocks has been solved using FEM. Mass forces and friction are neglected in the solution. Since the problem is analyzed for the plane state, the thickness along the z-axis direction is taken as a unit. To check the accuracy of the contact problem model the results are compared with a study in the literature. In addition, ANSYS and MLP results are compared using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2), and good agreement is found. Numerical solutions are made by considering different values of external load, the width of blocks, crack depth, and material properties. The stresses on the contact surfaces between the blocks and the FG HIL are examined for these values, and the results are presented. Consequently, it is concluded that the considered non-dimensional quantities have a noteworthy influence on the contact stress distributions, and also, FEM and ANN can be efficient alternative methods to time-consuming analytical solutions if used correctly.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2009

본 연구는 포스트텐션드 프리스트레스트 콘크리트 포장(PTCP: Post-Tensioned prestressed Concrete Pavement) 공법의 국내 적용을 위해 수행한 시험시공시에 현장실험을 통해 PTCP의 긴장시 구조적 거동을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 실험을 위해 온도측정센서 및 변위측정게이지를 슬래브에 장착하여 환경하중 및 긴장력 도입에 따른 슬래브의 변위변화를 측정하였다. 총 세 차례에 걸쳐 긴장력을 도입하였으며 긴장작업의 적절성을 온도와 변위의 상관관계 횡방향 균열거동, 일일 종방향 변위변화량 등을 분석하여 판단하였다. 실험결과 타설초기 1차 긴장시에는 슬래브와 하부층과의 마찰 및 콘크리트의 소성성질 등의 요인에 의해 슬래브의 양끝단 부분에서만 큰 변위가 발생하였으나 이후 어느 정도의 시간이 경과한 후 가해진 긴장에서는 슬래브 전체에 뚜렷한 변위가 발생되나 여전히 마찰저항의 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 긴장이 제대로 가해지면 균열이 존재하더라도 비활성화되어 슬래브가 일체의 거동을 나타내었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.797-818
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• 2022

Steel-precast ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams with demountable high-strength friction-grip bolt (HSFGB) shear connectors can be used for accelerated bridge construction (ABC) and achieve excellent structural performance, which is expected to be dismantled and recycled at the end of the service life. However, no investigation focuses on the demountability and reusability of such composite beams, as well as the installation difficulties during construction. To address this issue, this study conducted twelve push-out tests to investigate the effects of assembly condition, bolt grade, bolt-hole clearance, infilling grout and pretension on the crack pattern, failure mode, load-slip/uplift relationship, and the structural performance in terms of ultimate shear strength, friction resistance, shear stiffness and slip capacity. The experimental results demonstrated that the presented composite beams exhibited favorable demountability and reusability, in which no significant reduction in strength (less than 3%) and stiffness (less than 5%), but a slight improvement in ductility was observed for the reassembled specimens. Employing oversized preformed holes could ease the fabrication and installation process, yet led to a considerable degradation in both strength and stiffness. With filling the oversized holes with grout, an effective enhancement of the strength and stiffness can be achieved, while causing a difficulty in the demounting of shear connectors. On the basis of the experimental results, more accurate formulations, which considered the effect of bolt-hole clearance, were proposed to predict the shear strength as well as the load-slip relationship of HSFGBs in steel-precast UHPC composite beams.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.370-376
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• 2005

Magnesium alloys are becoming important material for light weight car body, due to their low specific density but high specific strength. However they have a poor weldability, caused high oxidization tendency and low vapor temperature. In this study, the welding performance of magnesium alloys was investigated for automobile application. The materials were rolled magnesium alloy sheet contains Al and Zn such as AZ3l , AZ6l and AZ9l. Three types of welding process were studied, that were GTAW, Laser beam welding and FSW. To evaluate the weldability, we examined the appearance of welding bead. Also we checked bead shape and internal defects such as crack and porosity on cross section of welding bead. The mechanical property was measured for welded specimen by tensile test. For determination of the strength change by welding process, the hardness profile across the welding center was measured. For the results, the tensile properties of welded specimen were decreased obviously on all welding process. For the fusion welding process such as GTAW and laser beam welding, the surface of the welding bead was covered with oxidized magnesium dust but it was removed by simple cleaning work as wipe-out with tissue. Also under cut, that caused vaporization of base metal was occurred. for the friction stir welding, there was no oxidation, under-cut or internal defects. However it had poor weld performance, the reason was cleavage fracture occurred at plastic deformation zone. For welding of magnesium alloy, the laser beam welding process was recommended.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2009

The effects of temperature and initial crack length on the impact fracture behavior for the side plate material of FRP ship were investigated. And the effects of the counterpart roughness and sliding distance on the volumetric wear of same material were investigated as well. Impact fracture toughness of GF/PE composites displayed maximum value when the temperature of specimen is room temperature and $50^{\circ}C$, and with decreasing the temperature of specimen, impact fracture toughness decreased. Impact fracture energy of GF/EP composites decreased with increasing the initial crack length of specimen, and this value decreased rapidly when the temperature of specimen is lowest, $-25^{\circ}C$. It is believed that sensitivity of notch on impact fracture energy were increased with decreasing the temperature of specimen. With increasing the sliding distance, the transition sliding distance, which displayed different aspect on the friction coefficient and the volumetric wear loss, were found out. Counterpart roughness had a big influence on the wear rate at running in period, however the effect of counterpart roughness became smaller with sliding speed increase in. Volumetric wear loss were increased with increasing the applied load and the counterpart roughness.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2007

Fretting is a kind of surface damage mechanism observed in mechanically jointed components and structures. The initial crack under fretting damage occurs at lower stress amplitude and lower cycles of cyclic loading than that under plain fatigue condition. This can be observed in automobile and railway vehicle, fossil and nuclear power plant, aircraft etc. In the present study, railway axle material RSA1 used for evaluation of fretting fatigue life. Plain and fretting fatigue tests were carried out using rotary bending fatigue tester with proving ring and bridge type contact pad. Through these experiments, it is found that the fretting fatigue limit decreased about 37% compared to the plain fatigue limit. In fretting fatigue, the wear debris is observed on the contact surface, and oblique cracks at an earlier stage are initiated in contact area. These results can be used as useful data in a structural integrity evaluation of railway axle.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2020

This paper presents an evaluation of shear transfer across cracks in reinforced concrete through finite element modelling (FEM) and analytical predictions. The aggregate interlock is one of the mechanisms responsible for the shear transfer between two slip surfaces of a crack; the others are the dowel action, when the reinforcement contributes resisting a parcel of shear displacement (reinforcement), and the uncracked concrete comprised by the shear resistance until the development of the first crack. The aim of this study deals with the development of a 3D numerical model, which describes the behavior of Z-type push-off specimen, in order to determine the properties of interface subjected to direct shear in terms cohesion and friction angle. The numerical model was validated based on experimental data and a parametric study was performed with the variation of the concrete strength. The numerical results were compared with analytical predictions and a new equation was proposed to predict the maximum shear stress in cracked concrete.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2023

In this study, a four-point bending test was conducted to assess and detect the damage to reinforced concrete structures using the acoustic emission (AE) technique. Based on the crack investigation results, flexural failure was classified into four stages and compared with the characteristic analysis results of AE parameters. The parametric characterization indicated that the activity of the primary AE signal was high in the early stage, and that of the second signal increased after the flexural cracks stabilized. Because the secondary AE signal included noise generated by friction, parameter-based analysis for damage assessment was performed using the primary signal; the secondary signal was used as complement. The activity analyses of the primary and secondary signals effectively classified crack propagation; however, determining the macrocracks and yielding of reinforcing bars had certain limitations. Nevertheless, applying the damage index with cumulative AE energy is a complementary technique for detecting and assessing structure damage that well detects the occurrence of macrocracks.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2017

최근 콘크리트 궤도 슬래브 하면과 교량 바닥판 사이에 저마찰 슬라이드층을 형성하는 궤도 시스템인 슬라이딩 궤도와 관련된 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 슬라이딩 궤도에서 열차 주행에 따른 횡방향 하중을 저항하기 위해 설치되는 횡방향 지지 콘크리트 블록의 전단 내하력에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 횡방향 지지 콘크리트 블록의 전단 내하력 산정을 위해 타설경계면에서의 콘크리트 마찰 및 철근의 다월 거동을 고려한 산정 기법을 개발하다. 제안된 산정 기법은 기존의 실험에서 측정된 전단 내하력을 13~23% 정도 보수적으로 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 균열면 골재 맞물림 효과를 무시한 것에 따른 것으로, 현장에서의 타설경계면 상태가 불확실한 것을 고려할 때 횡방향 지지 콘크리트 블록에 대한 안전측 설계를 위해 제안된 산정 기법이 합리적인 것으로 판단된다. 제안된 전단 내하력 산정 기법을 토대로 횡방향 지지 콘크리트 블록에 대한 설계 방안을 마련하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2009

공용중인 콘크리트 구조물의 건전성 평가를 위해서는 하중 증가에 따른 내부의 변형특성 및 손상을 예측하고 비 파괴적으로 상시 모니터링 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 철근 콘크리트 슬래브 시편을 대상으로 단계별 하중 재하(loading, holding, unloading)에 따른 음향방출 실험을 실시하였으며 휨 시험하의 인장균열, 전단균열 및 철근 콘크리트의 부착 상태, 반복하중에 의한 AE 신호의 특징과 신호 발생 양상을 분석하였다. 또한 음향방출법(a.oustic emission)에 있어 손상 정도를 유추할 수 있는 대표적 인자인 Felicity ratio를 분석하여 콘크리트 구조물의 상시감시 및 안전진단에 음향방출 기술을 적용하기 위한 분석기법을 제시하고자 한다.