• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.299-313
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• 2014

In the first part of this paper, the influences of some of crack parameters on natural frequencies of a cracked cantilever Functionally Graded Beam (FGB) are studied. A cantilever beam is modeled using Finite Element Method (FEM) and its natural frequencies are obtained for different conditions of cracks. Then effect of variation of depth and location of cracks on natural frequencies of FGB with single and multiple cracks are investigated. In the second part, two Multi-Layer Feed Forward (MLFF) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are designed for prediction of FGB's Cracks' location and depth. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Back-Error Propagation (BEP) algorithms are applied for training ANNs. The accuracy of two training methods' results are investigated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.10 s.241
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• pp.1336-1343
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• 2005

The detection mechanism of the flaw for the nondestructive testing using eddy current is related to the interaction of the induced eddy currents in the test specimen with flaws and the coupling of these interaction effects with the moving test probe. In this study, the two-dimensional electromagnetic finite element analysis(FEM) fur the eddy current signals of the aluminum plate with different depth of surface cracks is described and the comparison is also made between experimental and predicted signals analyzed by FEM. In addition, the characteristics of attenuation of the eddy current density due to the variation of the depth of a conductor are evaluated. The effective parameters for the application of eddy current technique to evaluate surface cracks are discussed by analyzing the characteristics of the eddy current signals due to the variation of crack depths.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.356-359
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• 2007

In this paper, the stability of a rotating cantilever pipe conveying fluid with a crack is investigated by the numerical method. That is, the influences of the rotating angular velocity, mass ratio and crack severity on the critical flow velocity for flutter instability of system are studied. The equations of motion of rotating pipe are derived using the Euler beam theory and the Lagrange's equation. The crack section of pipe is represented by a local flexibility matrix connecting two undamaged pipe segments. The crack is assumed to be in the first mode of fracture and to be always opened during the vibrations. Generally, the critical flow velocity for flutter is proportional to the angular velocity and the depth of crack. Also, the critical flow velocity and stability maps of the rotating pipe system as a function of mass ratio for the changing each parameter are obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.80-88
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• 2010

A simple computational model for modeling of subsurface crack growth under cyclic contact loading is presented. In this model, it is assumed that the initial fatigue crack will initiate in the region of the maximum equivalent stress at certain depth under the contacting surface. The position and magnitude of the maximum equivalent stress are determined by using the equivalent contact model, which is based on the Hertzian contact conditions with frictional forces. The virtual crack extension method is used for simulation of the fatigue crack growth from the initial crack up to the formation of the surface pit due to contact fatigue. The relationships between the stress intensity factor and crack length are then determined for various combinations of equivalent contact radii and loadings.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 1998

In this study, when tension and bending stress act on plate simultaneously, stress intensity factor is analyzed at crack tip with using BEM(Boundary Element Method). In this analysis, stress intensity factors(S.I.F) are defined for variable ligament, aspect and stress ratio($\sigma$T/$\sigma$B). Consequently, predicted that crack grow to depth direction at low aspect and ligament ratio in tension stress and to surface direction in bending stress. Tension and bending stress act on plate same time, effect of tension stress in the first stage and effect of bending stress in the after stage was to observed. The outbreak of secondary crack in backside is under the control of stress amplitude and predict that the point of outbreak is mear backside.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.3055-3062
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• 1993

The objective of this paper is to obtain stress intensity factor solutions for a corner crack originating at bolt holes in a rotating disc. Initially two-dimensional finite element analyses of a rotating disc with bolt holes are performed to determine the maximum stress region. Subsequently three-dimensional finite element analyses of a rotating disc with a corner crack originating at the bolt holes are performed with a variety of crack geometries. According to the numerical results, the maximum stress intensity factor, with an increase in crack depth ratio, was observed at the surface of the plate due to the interference effect of corner crack and disc bore.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.691-716
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• 2007

The purpose of the present work is to establish a method for predicting the location and depth of a crack in a circular cross section beam by only considering the frequencies of the cracked beam. An accurate knowledge of the material properties is not required. The crack location and size is identified by finding the point of intersection of pulsation ratio contour lines of lower vertical and horizontal modes. This process is presented and numerically validated in the case of a simply supported beam with various crack locations and sizes. If the beam has structural symmetry, the identification of crack location is performed by adding an off-center placed mass to the simply supported beam. In order to avoid worse diagnostic, it was demonstrated that a robust identification of crack size and location is possible if two tests are undertaken by adding the mass at the left and then right end of the simply supported beam. Finally, the pulsation ratio contour lines method is generalized in order to be extended to the case of rectangular cross section beams or more complex structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to investigate the capacity of epoxy injection method using low pressure mixed with high pressure. Injection depth test and flexural strength test were respectively performed on $40{\times}45{\times}35$ cm and $100{\times}10{\times}40$ cm specimens. Considered as the test variables were injection type(low pressure, low and high pressure), crack width(0.25 mm, 0.50 mm), injection direction(upper, lower, side), and epoxy viscosity(low, medium, high). Test results showed that low viscosity epoxy injection depth of injector using low pressure mixed with high pressure for upper direction were 23 cm and tension strength of crack face repaired by injector using low pressure mixed with high pressure was larger than that of concrete.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2017

Crack on concrete surface allows more rapid penetration of chlorides. Crack width and depth are dominant parameters for chloride behavior, however their effects on chloride penetration are difficult to quantify. In the present work, the previous anisotropic (1-D) model on chloride diffusion in concrete with single crack is improved considering crack shape and roughness. In the previous model, parallel-piped shape was adopted for crack shape in steady-state condition. The previous model with single crack is improved considering wedge shape of crack profile and roughness. For verifying the proposed model, concrete samples for nuclear power plant are prepared and various crack widths are induced 0.0 to 1.2 mm. The chloride diffusion coefficients in steady-state condition are evaluated and compared with simulation results. The proposed model which can handle crack shape and roughness factor is evaluated to decrease chloride diffusion and can provide more reasonable results due to reduced area of crack profile. The roughness effect on diffusion is evaluated to be 10-20% of reduction in chloride diffusion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.3415-3423
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• 1996

The compact tension specimen geometry has been widely used for measuring fatigue crack growth rates at elevated temperature when the fatigue load is under tension/tension condition. However, most of the elevated temperature components which have significant crack growth life experience fatigue load under tension/compression conditions. Thus test techniques are required since the compact tension specimen cannot be used for tension/compression loading. In this paper, a simplified test procedure for measureing fatigue crack growth rates is proposed, which employs a round bar specimen with a small surface crack. Fatigue crack growth rates under tension/ tension loading conditions at elevated temperature were measured according to the proposed procedure and compared with those previously measured by C/(T) specimens. Since both the measured crack growth rates were comparable, the fatigue crack growth rates under tension/ compression load can be reliably measured by the proposed procedure. For monitoring crack depth. DC electric potential method is employed and an optimal probe location and current input conditions were proposed.