• 제목/요약/키워드: Covering area

검색결과 586건 처리시간 0.02초

NEMO와 결합된 Hierarchical Mobile IPv6에서 멀티캐스팅을 이용한 핸드오프 지원 기법 (Multicast Handoff Scheme for Network Mobility with Hierarchical Mobile IPv6)

  • 노경택
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
    • /
    • 제9권3호
    • /
    • pp.171-175
    • /
    • 2004
  • 본 논문은 이동 단말(mobile Node)의 핸드오프 발생시 끊김없는 핸드오프(seamless handoff)를 지원하기 위한 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 신호세기의 감소로 인한 핸드오프가 발생 가능한 상태일 때 이동단말은 기존의 CoA(Care-of Address) 외에 감지되는 신호를 통한 새로운 nCoA들을 만들어 자신의 영역을 담당하는 MAP(Mobility Anchor Point)에게 이들 nCoA에 대한 일시적인 바인딩 업데이트 tempBU(temporary Binding Update) 메시지를 보낸다. MAP은 전달받은 새로운 nCoA 주소를 포함한 바인딩 업데이트 메시지를 받아서 기존의 바인딩 정보 외에 새로운 바인딩 정보를 일시적으로 바인딩 캐쉬에 저장한다. 결국 이동단말이 새로운 액세스 라우터(nAR) 영역에 진입하여 확정된 바인딩 업데이트 메시지를 보낼 때까지 멀티캐스팅을 함으로써 끊김없는 핸드오프를 보장하는 기법을 제시한다.

  • PDF

DETERMINATION OF LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE AREA IN PIG WITH ULTRASONIC LINEAR ELECTRONIC SCANNER

  • Irie, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제5권2호
    • /
    • pp.229-235
    • /
    • 1992
  • The usefulness of a portable linear electronic scanner. B-mode ultrasonic machine, was evaluated for estimating the longissimus muscle area from ultrasonic measurement of the muscle depth in 22 live pigs. The electronic scanner was easy to operate for muscle measurements in live pigs, which did not have to be held but were caged. The cross-sectional images of longissimus muscle and covering muscles and fat appeared on the monitor with grey scale in real time. It was easy to identify the ultrasonograms of fat and muscular tissues because the images differed in the degree of the grey scale. The longissimus muscle had less echogenic image than the other muscles. The boundary lines between first, second or third layers of backfat and the longissimus muscle were distinct on the ultrasonogram. The ultrasonic measurement at the shoulder was not acceptable because of the unstable measurements and the complex tissue structure. The repeatabilities for the measurements of longissimus muscle depth at one-half body length and last rib were acceptable. The simple correlation coefficients between ultrasonic estimates of the muscle depth in live pigs and the actual areas in the carcass, were 0.50 and 0.55 at the last rib and the one-half body length, respectively. Therefore, those positions were similarly suitable to measure. The method of electronic scanner for determining longissimus muscle area from the muscle depth was suitable for practical use in the field because of the simple and inexpensive technique.

국립공원 취락지구 관리 개선방안 연구 (Issues of Residential Area Management in Korean Natinal Parks)

  • 안동만;김명수;이재영;오승봉;윤여범
    • 한국조경학회지
    • /
    • 제24권3호
    • /
    • pp.57-67
    • /
    • 1996
  • More than 130,000 residents are dwelling in 550 villages or residential areas covering 100K$m^2$ in the twenty national parks of Korea. Building new houses, additions, reconstruction, and certain kinds of land uses are prohibited in the residential areas of the national parks. Residents and park officials were interviewed and surveyed to discover problems and to suggest new management policies. Two of the mountain region national parks were studied, and the results are : First, it is recommended to amend the National Parks Act in order to list explicitly those facilities allowed in residential areas. Also the Act should enalble residential area management planning. The Residential area survey period should be shortened to 5 years instead local governments and the National Parks Authority offices. It is recommended that the NPA offices take over this responsibility completely. Thirds, some residential areas are better off to be excluded from the parks and the Boundaries of many residential areas are inappropriate and need to be adjusted. Fourth, as the number of visitors increase rapidly, the residential areas serve as tourist centers. The "Ecotourism" concept is to be introduced so that the residents can take part in ecotourism promotion. Fifth, the residents should be and well informed of residential area management policies and regulations.gulations.

  • PDF

중소도시지역 비점오염물질의 유출 특성 (Runoff Characteristics of Nonpoint Pollutants Source in Urban Area)

  • 이건직;성진욱;박주현;조규수;박제철
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제19권7호
    • /
    • pp.819-827
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to investigate runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants source at the urban area in boeun area, Chungbuk Province. The monitoring site covering the watershed of $2.11\;km^2$ contains about 40.3 % of total watershed with the urban area. The monitoring was conducted with six events for five months and Event Mean Concentration(EMC) and Site Mean Concentration(SMC) of SS, BOD, CODMn, T-N, T-P were calculated on the result of the water quality parameters. As a result of the comparion between Arithmetic Mean Concentration and Event Mean Concentration, it showed that over all Event Mean Concentration was higher than Arithmetic Mean Concentration. And it showed that SS, BOD, T-P featured the first-flushing effect, showing relatively high concentration in early-stage storm event.

Bamboo Distribution Map for Planning the Development of Tourism Potential in Boon Pring Andeman Area

  • Farah, Devy Atika;Dharmawan, Agus;Novianti, Vivi
    • Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
    • /
    • 제2권3호
    • /
    • pp.144-152
    • /
    • 2021
  • Sanankerto is one of pilot projects for tourism villages in Indonesia due to its natural tourism potential with a 24-ha bamboo forest located in Boon Pring Andeman area. However, the distribution of existing bamboo has never been identified or mapped. Thus, the mana gement is facing difficulty in planning and developing tourism potential as well as spatial management in the area. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify and analyze the structure of bamboo vegetation in the Boon Pring Tourism village an d to perform vegetation mapping. The type of research was descriptive exploratory with a cluster sampling technique (i.e., a two-stage cluster) covering an area of ± 10 ha. Bamboo vegetation analysis was performed by calculating diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and Species Richness index (R). Data were collected through observation and interviews with local people and the manager to determine zonation division. Mapping of bamboo vegetation based on zoning was processed into thematic maps using ArcG is 10.3. Micro climatic factors were measured with three replications for each sub -cluster. Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Nine species of bamboo identified. Diversity, evenness, and species richness indices differed at each location. Activities of local communities, tourists, and manager determined the presence, number, and distribution of bamboo species. These bamboo distribution maps in three zoning (utilization, buffer, and core) can be used by manager for planning and developing natural tourism potential.

단일의복의 보온력 정량화와 영향 요인 (Quantification of Thermal Insulation by Clothing Items and Analysis of Influencing Factors)

  • 백윤정;황수경;이효현;박준희;김도희;이주영
    • 한국의류학회지
    • /
    • 제42권1호
    • /
    • pp.172-182
    • /
    • 2018
  • The purpose of the present study was to quantify the thermal insulation of garments by item and examine factors influencing clothing insulation. A total of 769 garments in clo unit were collected and classified into 12 categories: blouses/shirts (95 items, BS), T-shirts/sweaters (62 items, TS), vest (23 items, VT), cardigans (23 items, CD), jackets/coats (75 items, JC), sport outerwear (including padding jackets)(48 items, SO), trousers (23 items, TR), skirts (56 items, SK), dresses (28 items, DS), underwear (150 items, UW), sleepwear (50 items, SW), and personal protective clothing (59 items, PPC). The results showed that clothing insulation was $0.21{\pm}0.01clo$ for the BS, $0.22{\pm}0.01clo$ for TS, $0.12{\pm}0.00clo$ for VT, $0.23{\pm}0.02clo$ for CD, $0.40{\pm}0.02clo$ for JC, $0.49{\pm}0.03clo$ for SO, $0.21{\pm}0.01clo$ for TR, $0.18{\pm}0.01clo$ for SK, $0.34{\pm}0.03clo$ for DS, $0.09{\pm}0.01clo$ for UW, $0.42{\pm}0.03clo$ for SW, and $0.56{\pm}0.03clo$ for PPC (p<.001). The most influential factors among the seven factors for thermal insulation of garments were clothing weight and covering area; however, the explanatory powers of two factors differed according to clothing categories. The covering area had more significant impact on clothing insulation in cardigans, jackets/coats, trousers, and dresses than clothing weight. Covering areas and clothing weight were the most influential factors in the following categories: blouses/shirt, T-shirts/sweaters, skirts, sleepwear and personal protective clothing. The garment weight was the most important factor for thermal insulation for the sport outerwear.

피복재 종류에 따른 착색단고추 재배온실의 지하부 환경 관리와 생육 및 생산성과의 관계 분석 (Analysis of Relationship between Underground Part Environment Control and Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper in Greenhouses as Affected by Covering Materials)

  • 김호철;박수민;이정현;강종구;배종향
    • 생물환경조절학회지
    • /
    • 제20권1호
    • /
    • pp.8-13
    • /
    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 피복재 종류에 따른 착색단고추의 생육 및 생산성에 대한 지하부 환경 요인의 영향 정도를 알아보았다. 조사 기간 동안 배양액 공급량은 플라스틱 필름온실에서는 $5,404L{\cdot}m^{-2}$로 유리온실의 $3,483L{\cdot}m^{-2}$보다 1.6배나 많았다. 그러나 배양액 흡수율은 두 온실에서 71.3~73.3%로 유사한 수준이었다. 배지 EC도 $4.17{\sim}4.23dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ 수준으로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 정단부에서 아래로 6번째 잎의 면적은 유리온실에서 평균 $123.0cm^2$/1eaf로 플라스틱필름온실의 $119.5cm^2$/1eaf보다 다소 넓었다. 그러나 잎의 생체중, 건물중 및 건물률은 두 온실 간 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 주간 생산량은 유리온실에서 $850g{\cdot}m^{-2}$로 플라스틱필름온실의 $650g{\cdot}m^{-2}$보다 1.3배정도로 많았다. 하지만 조사 기간 동안 잎의 면적 및 건물률, 그리고 생산량 모두에 대한 배지 EC와 배양액 흡수율 차이에서 오는 영향은 두 온실 간 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 피복재 및 지상부 환경이 다른 온실에서 착색단고추 수경재배 시 생육 및 생산성 차이에 대한 지하부 요인의 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 판단된다.

도시 열환경을 고려한 녹지관리방안 수립 연구 (A Study on Green Space Management Planning Considering Urban Thermal Environment)

  • 주창훈;김정호;윤용한
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제23권7호
    • /
    • pp.1349-1358
    • /
    • 2014
  • This study suggests plan of green space management based on the result of research apprehending the characteristic through sorting types of city thermal environment targeting summer which thermal pollution is the most serious. Considering anthropogenic heat, development level of wind road, thermal environment, as a result of types of thermal environment process, it is appeared 36 types, and 10 types is relevant of this research subject. Type I-1, size of building is large, artificial covering area is wide, and thermal load of anthropogenic heat is high, type II-1, development condition of wind road is incomplete as IIlevel, entering cold air is difficult and thermal management and improvement is needed area. Type III-1, scale is large and it is area of origin of cold air, development level of wind road is mostly favorable, type III-2 is revealed as smaller scale than III-1, and small area of origin of cold air. Type IV, anthropogenic heat is $81{\sim}150W/m^2$, average, but development function of wind road is very favorable. Type V, large area of thermal load and the origin of cold air are distributed as similar ratio, and level of development function of wind road is revealed as II level. According to standard of type classification of thermal environment, as a result of suggesting plan of green space management and biotops area ratio, type I-1 is buffer green space and waterway creation, goal biotops area ratio 35%, type II-1 afforestation in site and goal biotops area ratio 40%, type III-1, preservation plan to display the current function continuously is requested. Type IV suggests afforestation of stream current, and type V suggests quantitative increase of green space and goal biotops area ratio 45%.

20세기 초 원마산(原馬山) 도시공간의 복원적 연구 -1912년을 기준으로- (A Reconstructive Study on the Urban Structure of the Original Masan Early in the 20th Century)

  • 허정도;이규성
    • 건축역사연구
    • /
    • 제9권1호
    • /
    • pp.27-46
    • /
    • 2000
  • This study aims at examining the background and development process of Masan city after Koryo Dynasty, making a reconstructive map of Original Masan using the first registration maps made in 1912 and analyzing the urban structure of the Original Masan area. The origin of Masan city went back to Koryo dynasty. Around 1040 Koryo government placed an official shipping facility in Masan to transport the taxed grain to the capital city. After that Masan became an important port covering the southern part of KyungSang-Do. And the urbanization of the Original Masan began to bud after a shipping facility was again established by the Chosun Dynasty in 1760 and strengthened in the 19th century after the social standing system was broken and many peasants moved to cities as daily workers. In 1899 Masan was forced to be opened to foreign powers and they placed an international settlement distanced from the area(Original Masan). After this many Japanese advanced to the international settlement and further to the area. The advancement of Japanese brought a critical change in the urban structure of the area. Land was owned by Japanese and many modern sysytems were introduced such as modern buildings, new roads, railroad and modern factories. According to the reconstructive map of the area, 80.5% of land lots are less than $200m^2$ showing the size of each land lot is comparatively small. And Japanese occupied 31.5% of the land in the area. Their land was located on the stratigic points near the port and the center of commerce. The ratio of the road area to the whole land was around 14%, not so low for urban areas in that time. The reconstructive map reveals the exact coastline of the year 1912 erased now due to filling the sea and extending the land, Present Masan city has been developed having the Original Masan as its nucleus. The area has been always the center of urban activities for Masan city. Making an exact reconstructive map for the area and analyzing the urban structure of the area in 1912 is a very important work to understand Masan city wholy.

  • PDF

포항항의 VTS 서비스구역 설정에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Establishment of VTS Service Area in Pohang)

  • 박진수;김준옥
    • 해양환경안전학회지
    • /
    • 제6권2호
    • /
    • pp.1-15
    • /
    • 2000
  • In world trade, the vessel traffic in major routes has been congested due to the rapid increase of cargoes and shipping tonnages. The patterns of vessel traffic have also been complicated and diversified. Therefore it was necessary that the Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) should be established in order to enhance the safety of navigation, to prevent the loss of life and damage to the environment. The first advanced radar surveillance system(LevelIII-VTS) was introduced in Pohang, Korea in 1993 and in 13 other ports later. While the hardware of Korea VTS is equal to that of an advanced country, the software, specially the operation manual, the recruitment and education of VTS operator, and the VTS service area is behind that of Russia, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, Singapore and others. After researching and investigating. the VTS equipment and service area of many countries, and analyzing the IMO regulations relevant to VTS and the traffic pattern and accident of Pohang port, the most efficient VTS service area should be established in Pohang. According to the analysis of the preceding studies and research on VTS, the worldwide VTS areas are recognized under the following conditions: First, the service area should be extended over at least radar coverage taking into account of traffic flow, traffic density, the degree of danger to navigation and harbour condition in order to provide all possible services. Second, the established service area should be subdivided and systematized to render reliable VTS services, such as the allocation of VHF frequency and reporting procedure in each area. In conclusion, the VTS service area of Pohang must be established and operated over 10 miles from shore(radar site) covering the radar coverage, so as to include the area of traffic congestion and high density traffic flow.

  • PDF