• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to compare calculated pollutant loadings using pollutant load unit factors and vector type coverage, and expected mean concentration(EMC) and raster type of digital elevation model(DEM). This study is also focusing on comparison of the advantages and the disadvantages of the two methods, and seeking for a method of calculation of pollutant loadings using DEM. Estimation of pollutant inputs using pollutant load unit factors has limitations in identifying seasonal variations of pollutant loadings. Seasonal changes of runoffs should be considered in the calculation of pollutant loadings from catchments into reservoirs. Evaluation of pollutant inputs using runoff-coefficient and EMC can overcome these drawbacks. Proper EMC and runoff-coefficient values for the Koeup stream catchments of the Koheung estuarine lake were drawn from review of related papers. Arc/Info was employed to establish database of spatial and attribute data of point and non-point pollutant sources and characteristics of the catchments. ArcView was used to calculate point and non-point pollutant loadings. Pollutant loads estimated with either unit factors-coverages, i.e., pollutant load unit factors and vector coverages f point sources and land use, or EMC and digital elevation mode(DEM) were compared with stream monitoring loads. We have found that some differences were shown between monitoring results and estimated loads by Unit Factors-Coverage and EMC-DEM. Monthly variations of pollutant loads evaluated with EMC-DEM were similar to those with monitoring result. The method using EMC-DEM can calculate accumulated flows and pollutant loads and can be utilized to identify stream networks. A future research on correcting the difference between vector type stream using flow direction grid and digitalizing vector type should be conducted in order to obtain more exact calculation of pollutant loadings.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2004

This study was conducted to formulate management guidelines for monumental old trees in Korea through analysis of growing environments. A total of 20 old trees designated as natural monuments in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi provinces were surveyed for biological characteristics, surrounding environments, root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics. Relationships among root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics were analyzed by correlation. The old solitary trees designated as natural monuments included Pinus bungeana(4 trees), Juniperus chinensis(3 trees), Ginkgo biloba(3 trees), Poncirus trifoliata(2 trees), Actinidia arguta, Wisteria floribunda, Thuja orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Sophora japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus densiflora. The tree height ranged from 3.56 to 67m, and root collar diameter ranged from 1.01 to 15.2m. The monumental old trees were growing on the various sites ranging from gardens, historical sites, open agricultural fields, mountain hills, to near the ocean beaches and streams. The coverage of bald land ranged from 50 to 100%, and depth of filled soil around the root collar ranged from 0 to 50cm. Tree health was expressed as the amount of branch dieback, cavity development, detachment of cambial tissue, infliction by diseases and insects. The branch dieback ranged from 5 to 20%, cavity development ranged from 10 to 100$cm^3$, detachment of cambial tissue ranged from 5 to 45%, and infliction by diseases and insects ranged from 5 to 20%. Soil pH ranged from 5.9 to 8.3, organic matter contents from 12 to 56%, phosphorus contents from 104 to 618ppm, while soil compaction ranged from 7 to 28mm. Results of correlation analysis showed that coverage of bald land was the most serious factor to deteriorate the cavity development and detachment of cambial tissue. In addition, chemical properties of soils seemed to be related to the health of the trees.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2005

Resulting anthropometric data recently measured and cataloged through 5th national anthropometric survey that is called Size Korea is highly useful in clothing industries. This study aims at suggesting a statistical methodology for apparel sizing that reflects recent changes in Korean anthropometry and improves customer fitness. Based on previous research on body types such as triangular, rectangular, inverted body types, etc., factors that represent human sizes were extracted and then clustered into groups by their body types. These body type-based groups with respect to the factors obtained yielded a sizing system of which the interval of each factor is of equi-distance by their factor scores. However, each interval of the sizing system is non-linear in terms of individual anthropometric variables. The sizing system being proposed in this study was compared to that of KS K 0050 and had a broader coverage for the Korean population surveyed. The apparel sizing scheme is expected to improve customer fitness when applied to garment sizing and to provide more information on what percentage of population is included in each classification.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate empirical evidences of productivity of life insurance institutions in Malaysia. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the productivity of the life insurance institutions in Malaysia. The overall findings show that the total factor productivity (TFP) has progressed by 2.5% per year during the study period from 2012 to 2016 in the Malaysian insurance industry. However, TFP change has declined from 2012 to 2015 and observed a negative growth in 2015-16 (3.3%). The highest productivity progress was documented during 2012-13 at a rate of 11.7% while the minimum productivity progress was during 2014-15 (only 0.2%). The results also indicate that the decomposition of TFP found that overall progress could mainly be attributed to technological change (TC). However, technical efficiency change (TEC) and pure technical efficiency change (PTE) have negative impact on TFP. The findings also show that most of the insurance companies have a steady growth. Therefore, this study will contribute new insights for the policy makers and insurance institutions to take appropriate steps in developing relevant policies for increasing productivity of insurance institutions in Malaysia.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권4호
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• pp.450-457
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• 2001

산림의 수원함양기능 지표인 표층토양에서의 조공극율(粗孔隙率)(pF2.7) 에 영향하는 입지환경인자를 밝히기 위해 1994년 3월부터 10월까지 전국의 활엽수림 표본조사구를 대상으로 업지, 토양, 임분환경인자 등 총 15인자에 대하여 spss/pc+를 이용하여 상관 분석하였다. 표층토양에서의 조공극률에 영향을 미치는 수고, 하층식생 피복도, 토양의 유기물함량비 3개 인자가 유의한 정(正)의 상관관계를, 표층토양의 견밀도가 1% 수준에서 유의한 부(負)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. Stepwise를 이용한 다중회귀분석결과 표층토양에서의 조공극률에 영향하는 인자는 표층토양의 견밀도, 토양의 유기물함량비 2개 인자이었다. 활엽수림의 수원함양기능 증진을 위한 시업은 표층토양의 조공극 발달이 촉진되도록 하층식생 피복도가 30%에서 80%를 유지하도록 실시해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.647-656
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 ISO GUM(불확도 표현 지침서)의 불확도 평가 방법을 보완하기 위해, 몬테카를로 방법(Monte Carlo Method, MCM)을 적용한 불확도 해석 프로그램을 개발하고, MCM과 GUM의 평가 결과를 비교하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 측정량의 확률 분포가 정규 분포가 아닌 때에도 MCM 방법은 정확한 포함 구간을 제공한다. 둘째, 정규 분포가 아닌 다른 분포들 몇몇 개가 합성되는 경우 그 확률 분포가 정규로 보이더라도 실제로는 정규가 아닌 경우가 있으며, 이의 판단은 합성 분산의 확률 분포로 할 수 있다. 셋째, 자유도가 낮은 A형 불확도가 불확도 평가에 포함된 경우 GUM은 포함 구간을 저평가하는 것을 알 수 있었고, 이러한 저평가 문제는 A형 표준 불확도에 t-분포의 표준 편차를 곱해주면 사라지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 경우 합성 분산의 유효 자유도는 확장 불확도 계산에 불필요하고, 신뢰의 수준 95 %의 포함 인자는 1.96이 적정한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

This study tested a path model of agenda building examining the relationship among the media, the public and the presidential statements on the issue of drug abuse during the Bush administration's War on Drugs. The results showed that a dynamic and interactive relationship among aforementioned actors. First, the real-world conditions strongly increased both media coverage and presidential statements. Second, the news media and president influenced each other. Third, public concern, however, did not function as a significant factor in agenda-building process in this study. The result of this study indicates that Bush was not utterly a reactive or proactive president in terms of his relationship with the media. That is, news media and the president interacted regarding the drug issues; the relationship between President Bush and the media for drug issues was reciprocal.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2021

It is important to verify that the contracted speed-power performance of a ship is satisfied in sea trials. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published the procedure for measuring and assessing ship speed during sea trials. The results obtained from actual sea conditions inevitably include various uncertainty factors. In this study, double run tests were performed on one container ship to analyze the uncertainty of sea trial on three maximum continuous rating conditions. The uncertainty factors and scale of uncertainty were examined based on the measured raw data during sea trial. The results indicate that the expanded uncertainty for ideal power performance is approximately ±1.4% at 95% confidence level (coverage factor k = 2) and most of the uncertainty factors were because of the shaft power measurement system.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.228-238
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• 1992

서브마이크론 설계규칙을 갖는 소자의 이층 배선 공정에서 다챔버 장비를 이용한 금속 층간절연막의 공극없는 평탄화를 위하여 PECVD와 $O_3$ ThCVD산화막의 증착시 층덮힘성을 연구하였다. 산화막의 두께가 증가됨에 따라 변화되는 순간단차비의 개념을 도입하여 공극형성의 개시점을 예측할 수 있는 관계식을 모델링하였고, 금속배선간격의 초기 단차비가 다양한 패턴에서 산화막의 두께에 따른 순간 단차비의 변화를 조사하였다. 모델링 검정결과 $5^{\circ}$이하의 re-entrant각을 갖는 TEOS에 의한 PECVO 산화막의 순간단차비가 모델링에 잘 일치하였다. 공극없는 평탄화는 제1층의 PECVD 산화막의 순간 단차비를 0.8이하로 유지하거나 Ar sputter식각을 통하여 산화막의 모서리에 경사를 준후 층덮힘성이 우수한 $O_3$ ThCVD산화막을 증착함으로써 가능하였다. $O_3$ ThCVD산화막의 etchback이 non etchback공정에 비하여 via접쪽저항체인에서 높은 수율을 보였으며, via접촉저항은 $0.1~0.3{\Omega}/{\mu}m^2$로 나타났다.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2012

전 세계적으로 이용되는 인용색인 서비스인 Web of Science(WoS)는 데이터 수록 범위에 한계가 있음이 인용색인 연구에서 지적되어 왔다. 또한 국내 학술논문이 인용하는 해외 문헌의 비율이 전체의 약 75%를 차지한다는 것이 인용패턴 분석연구에서 밝혀진 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 WoS DB의 데이터 수록 범위를 검증하기 위한 첫 번째 단계로써 WoS DB에 포함되어 있지 않은 국내 연구자의 인용문헌 즉, 한국과학기술인용 DB(Korea Science Citation Database: KSCD)에 수록된 참고문헌 데이터 일부를 JCR 학술지 영향력지수 산출과정에 포함시켜 학술지 영향력 지수(Impact Factor: IF)의 변화 및 그에 따른 학술지 순위변동 여부를 조사하였다. 구체적으로 국내 문헌정보학 분야 학술지에 수록된 참고문헌을 JCR 2009 문헌정보학 분야 학술지 IF 산출과정에 포함하였다. 하지만 학술지 IF의 변화와 그에 따른 순위 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았고, 이에 데이터 범위를 넓혀 컴퓨터 공학 및 전자공학 분야 학술지 45종에 수록된 참고문헌을 추가로 분석하여 JCR 2010 전자공학 분야 학술지 IF 산출과정에 포함하였다. 그 결과, 부분적으로 통계적으로 유의한 학술지 순위 변화가 일어났다. 본 연구는 한정된 데이터를 사용하였음에도 불구하고 미미하지만 통계적으로 유의한 JCR 학술지 순위 변동을 보여줌으로써 WoS DB에 포함되지 않은 인용 데이터의 잠재적 가치를 제시하였다.