• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.247-250
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• 2011

Four seed vetch (Vicia tetrasperma), a biennial native leguminous plant, was used for a cover crop with different quantity of sowed seeds. Weed suppression and yield were evaluated for the red pepper cultivation in the following year of the vetch seeding. Seeding of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 kg 10 $a^{-1}$ suppressed weed occurrences until late in the growing season of the red pepper. Consequently, red pepper in the cover cropping system with seeding of 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 kg 10 $a^{-1}$ had a similar yield to the conventional red pepper. The ideal seed rate in four seed vetch was 3.0 and 4.5 kg 10 $a^{-1}$ in terms of reducing weed occurrence as well as increasing growth and yield in red pepper.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.727-732
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• 2022

도시철도 지하구조물에서 중요한 열화 중 하나인 철근부식은 철근의 부피 팽창에 의해 콘크리트의 피복층의 균열 또는 표면박리, 박락 등을 초래하여 철근콘크리트 구조물의 사용성과 안전성이 저하된다. 본 연구에서는 부식환경에서의 도시철도 지하박스 구조물을 대상으로 철근부식으로 인한 콘크리트 피복층의 균열발생 위치에서 철근의 팽창율을 측정하고 이를 바탕으로 철근부식으로 인한 콘크리트 피복층 들뜸 및 손상에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 부식된 철근의 방사형 변위 분포 모델을 산출하고 기존 제안식과 비교, 분석하였다. 또한 대표 단면을 대상으로한 수치해석(역해석)을 수행하여 부식철근의 방사형 변위장에 의한, 철근의 불균일한 부식팽창을 해석모델에 적용하였다. 수치해석 결과를 바탕으로 철근부식율 진전에 따른 철근콘크리트 구조물의 균열 및 피복층 박리의 영향을 해석적으로 도출하고 현장 시료와의 비교를 통해 수치모델의 적정성을 입증하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.713-732
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• 2008

Serviceability and durability of the concrete members can be seriously affected by the corrosion of steel rebar. Carbonation front and or chloride ingress can destroy the passive film on rebar and may set the corrosion (oxidation process). Depending on the level of oxidation (expansive corrosion products/rust) damage to the cover concrete takes place in the form of expansion, cracking and spalling or delamination. This makes the concrete unable to develop forces through bond and also become unprotected against further degradation from corrosion; and thus marks the end of service life for corrosion-affected structures. This paper presents an analytical model that predicts the weight loss of steel rebar and the corresponding time from onset of corrosion for the known corrosion rate and thus can be used for the determination of time to cover cracking in corrosion affected RC member. This model uses fully the thick-walled cylinder approach. The gradual crack propagation in radial directions (from inside) is considered when the circumferential tensile stresses at the inner surface of intact concrete have reached the tensile strength of concrete. The analysis is done separately with and without considering the stiffness of reinforcing steel and rust combine along with the assumption of zero residual strength of cracked concrete. The model accounts for the time required for corrosion products to fill a porous zone before they start inducing expansive pressure on the concrete surrounding the steel rebar. The capability of the model to produce the experimental trends is demonstrated by comparing the model's predictions with the results of experimental data published in the literature. The effect of considering the corroded reinforcing steel bar stiffness is demonstrated. A sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to show the influence of the various parameters. It has been found that material properties and their inter-relations significantly influence weight loss of rebar. Time to cover cracking from onset of corrosion for the same weight loss is influenced by corrosion rate and state of oxidation of corrosion product formed. Time to cover cracking from onset of corrosion is useful in making certain decisions pertaining to inspection, repair, rehabilitation, replacement and demolition of RC member/structure in corrosive environment.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.327-327
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• 2020

Increase in Earth's surface temperature, higher rainfall intensity rate, and rapid changes in land cover are just some of the most evident effects of climate change. Flooding, and river sedimentation are two inevitable natural processes in our environment, and both issues poses great risks in the dam industry when not addressed properly. River sedimentation is a significant issue that causes reservoir deposition, and thus causes the dam to gradually lose its ability to store water. In this study, the long-term effects of climate change on the sediment discharge in Yongdam Dam watershed is analyzed through the utilization of SWAT, a semi-distributed watershed model. Based from the results of this study, an abrupt increase on the annual sediment inflow trend in Yongdam Dam watershed was observed; which may suggests that due to the effects of climate change, higher rainfall intensity, land use and land cover changes, the sedimentation rate also increased. An efficient sedimentation management should consider the increasing trend in sedimentation rate due to the effects of climate change.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.135-152
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to propose an optimal fusion method of aerial multi - sensor data to improve the accuracy of land cover classification. Recently, in the fields of environmental impact assessment and land monitoring, high-resolution image data has been acquired for many regions for quantitative land management using aerial multi-sensor, but most of them are used only for the purpose of the project. Hyperspectral sensor data, which is mainly used for land cover classification, has the advantage of high classification accuracy, but it is difficult to classify the accurate land cover state because only the visible and near infrared wavelengths are acquired and of low spatial resolution. Therefore, there is a need for research that can improve the accuracy of land cover classification by fusing hyperspectral sensor data with multispectral sensor and aerial laser sensor data. As a fusion method of aerial multisensor, we proposed a pixel ratio adjustment method, a band accumulation method, and a spectral graph adjustment method. Fusion parameters such as fusion rate, band accumulation, spectral graph expansion ratio were selected according to the fusion method, and the fusion data generation and degree of land cover classification accuracy were calculated by applying incremental changes to the fusion variables. Optimal fusion variables for hyperspectral data, multispectral data and aerial laser data were derived by considering the correlation between land cover classification accuracy and fusion variables.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2007

Chinese milk vetch (CMV) is a winter legume that is commonly used as cover crop in Korea. Kill date of cover crop for addition into soil affects N content in cover crop and N availability in soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CMV as green manure cover crop according to kill dates before growing corn without artificial fertilizer. Top of CMV cut three times on 13 April, 27 April, and 11 May were added into soil at a rate of 600 kg per 10a. Sugar content in CMV litter was persistently decreased from mid-April to late-May. The decrease of sugar content might be due to the transformation into starch and/or other storage or structural constituents. The decreased amount of sugars was greater than 12% and the increased amount of starch was less than 0.2%. Concentration of $NH_4^+$ in soil treated by CMV litter cut on May 11 was slightly higher than that in the treatment with early-cut (April 13) CMV, the concentration at 28 and 49 DAT (days after treatment) was higher in the treatment with late-cut CMV litter. Regardless of cut (kill) date of CMV, the phosphatase activity in the treatment of CMV litter was higher compared to the untreated control. Soil dehydrogenase activity was increased steadily by addition of CMV litter implying total microbial activities in the soil were increased. Our results demonstrate that the status of cover crop species at kill date is an important factor influencing soil enzyme activities derived from microorganisms. Therefore, the optimal kill date of cover crop should be examined to improve the efficiency of cover crop as green manure crop regarding the practical sequence in cropping system.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

본 연구는 2007년 늦가을에서 2008년 초봄까지 골프코스 그린에서 스키 슬로프로 전환하기 전, 적설 및 제설 시기를 다르게 실시한 4개 시험구에 메틸렌 유레아(MU), 복합 화학비료(CF), 입상 휴믹산 비료(HM), 동물성 유기질 비료(NS)를 처리하여 늦가을 시비가 이듬해 봄철 bentgrass의 greenup에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 적설 10일전에 MU와 입상 휴믹산 비료인 입상 휴믹산 비료가 이듬해 봄에 전체적으로 가장 빠른 시각적 품질 상태와 녹색도를 보였다. 공시 비료 중 인산($P_2O_5$)함량이 가장 높은 CF는 봄철 뿌리 신장에 가장효과적이어서 골프코스로 전환 시점(4월 3일)에는 뿌리길이가 평균 13.0cm로 측정되었다. 하지만 CF처리 후 바로 적설된 시험구에서 시각적 품질과 녹색 도에서 가장 낮은 결과를 보여 최소 적설 10일 전에 시비하여야 적설에 의해 용해되지 않았던 잔류 비해를 피할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 동물성 유기질 비료의 시비는 적설처리하지 않았던 시험구에서는 잎의 건물 중이 가장 높았으나 무시비구와 봄철 녹색도 및 시각적 품질평가에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 골프코스에서 스키슬로프로 전환하기 위한 적설 시기와 골프 코스로의 재 전환을 위한 적절한 늦가을 시비관리 및 제설 시기는 이듬해 봄철 bentgrass의 greenup과 잔디 생육을 위한 중요한 요소로 분석 되었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.607-614
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• 2015

To provide the clear images from the direct light on electrical board and display devices, anti glare treatment of display cover glass is needed. In this study, the effects of surface treatment temperature, concentration, and etching solution coating thickness of the gel phase on optical elements control such as gloss, haze of reflected light and transmittance, were investigated. Cover glasses were treated at different coating thickness and additive concentration. The optical properties were examined using spectrophotometer, gloss and haze meter. The surface morphology and roughness were measured by the optical microscope and Ra measuring instrument. The etching rate and surface morphologies were dramatically affected by the concentration of acid additive in the viscous gel because of re-crystallization of components in the etching solution, hydrogel formation and coagulant after coating on glass substrate. In our experimental range, cover glass which is surface-treated with various optical properties as well as the morphology uniformity was obtained; in particular, optical properties could be controlled by etching solution coating thickness of the gel phase and the concentration of additive. The gloss was depended on the surface roughness and it showed the linear relationship between optical transmittance and haze of reflected light, respectively.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.517-525
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• 2021

More underground structures are increasingly being constructed such as box culverts for electric power transmission, and the life extension of these structures is very important. It is well known that the steel embedded in concrete is usually invulnerable to corrosion because the high alkalinity of the pore solution in concrete generates a thin protective oxide layer on the surface of the steel. Recent observations in the field and experimental evidence have shown that even steel in concrete can be corroded through the carbonation reaction of cover concrete. Carbonation-induced corrosion in concrete may often occur in a high carbon dioxide environment. In this study, the risk of carbonation of underground box culverts in Korea was evaluated by measuring the car¬bonation rate and concrete cover depth in the field. Then, the carbonation-free service life for the cover depth of the steel was calcu¬lated with in situ information and Monte Carlo simulation. Additionally, an accelerated carbonation test for a cracked beam specimen was performed, and the effect of a crack on the service life of a box culvert was numerically investigated with Monte Carlo simulation based on experimental results.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 산소지시물질을 이용한 새로운 UV-activation 인쇄형 시간-온도 이력지시계(time temperature integrator; TTI)를 개발하였다. $TiO_2$와 glycerol이 UV activation을 위해서 첨가되었으며 glycerol의 경우 비가역적반응을 위해 첨가량을 23 mg으로 조절하였다. 또한 인쇄적성을 위해 zein 함량 0.8 g, 90% ethanol 함량 4.0 g으로 조절하였고 silk screen의 mesh는 250 mesh일 때 최적의 인쇄성상을 나타내었다. 서로 다른 커버필름(PE, PET, OPP, and LLDPE)을 이용하여 색변화속도와 온도의존성을 측정하였다. 각 필름의 $E_a$를 측정한 결과 OPP, PE, LLDPE의 경우 60.07-84.47 kJ/mol의 $E_a$를 나타내어 TTI로서의 적용가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면 PET의 경우 $E_a$가 15.76 kJ/mol으로 적용성이 떨어지는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 커버필름의 두께의 경우 $E_a$에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며 annealing한 필름은 고분자 구조의 변화로 인해 산소 투과도가 annealing하지 않은 동종의 필름보다 PET의 경우 29.8%, PVC의 경우 60.7% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 새롭게 개발된 UV-activation 인쇄형 TTI는 다양한 커버필름을 통해 산소 투과도와 $E_a$를 조절할 수 있었고 annealing을 통하여 추가적으로 산소 투과도를 조절할 수 있어 다양한 유효기간을 갖는 식품에 광범위하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.