• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.294-315
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• 1999

$\ll$靈樞 動輸$\gg$ explains the way that the Arm Greater um Lung meridian, the Leg lesser urn kidney meridian and the Leg Yang-Myong Stomach meridian are keeping incessant pulsation, and the relation that these three meridians transport ant irrigate around the whole body. And also, when the meridian lines have been obstructed, the ki travels via shortcuts, in the course of spreading outer ki and inner ki around the whole body. Concretely speaking, in the first mapter it is explained the way that the Arm Greater urn Lung meridian pulses incessantly, in the second chapter, it is explained the way that the Leg Yang-Myong stomach meridian pulses incessantly, in the third chapter, the Leg Lesser urn kidney meridian pulses incessantly and in the fourth chapter, the movement of inner and outer ki are explained. But this chapter has many ancient letters and many parts omitted, so it is too hard to understand directly. Therefore we set to work with the view of helping to understand the original text more accurately by the reference of several editions and many commentarists' fruitful researches.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.525-532
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• 2010

Mobile Harbor (MH) is a new transportation platform that can load and unload containers onto and from very large container ships at sea. It could navigate near harbors where several vessels run, or it could navigate through very narrow channels. In the conceptual design phase when the candidate design changes frequently according to the various performance requirements, it is very expensive and time-consuming to carry out model tests using a large model in a large towing tank and a free-running model test in a large maneuvering basin. In this paper, a new Planar Motion Mechanism(PMM) test in a Circulating Water Channel (CWC) was conducted in order to determine the hydrodynamic coefficients of the MH. To do this, PMM devices including three-component load cells and inertia tare device were designed and manufactured, and various tests of the MH such as static drift test, pure sway test, pure yaw test, and drift-and-yaw combined test were carried out. Using those coefficients, course-keeping stability was analyzed. In addition, the PMM tests results carried out for the same KCS (KRISO container ship) were compared with our results in order to confirm the test validity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.107-109
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• 2012

This research studies on Bridge Resource Management (BRM )improvement method base on BRM questionnaire result which was conducted and participated by the mariners and cadets who finished the basic onboard training by STCW 2010 (The Convention on Standards of training, Certification and Watch-keeping for Seafarers) Code A. Through questionnaire result, this paper collected opinions and analyzed data above all of survey items, such as: Time, education times, education material etc relate on theory, practice, simulation, ${\ldots}$to suggest efficient BRM program.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

A constraint based on climatology is introduced to the cost function of the three-dimensional variational assimilation (3dVar) to correct the error of the zonal mean wind structure in the global data assimilation system at Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The revised cost function compels the analysis fit to the chosen climatology while keeping the balance between the variables in the course of analysis. The constraint varies selectively with the vertical level and the horizontal scale of the motion. The zonally averaged wind field from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis 40 (ERA-40) is used as a climatology field in the constraint. The constraint controls only the zonally averaged stratospheric long waves with total wave number less than 20 to fix the error of the large scale wind field in the stratosphere. The constrained 3dVar successfully suppresses the erroneous westerly in the stratospheric analysis promptly, and has been applied on the operational global 3dVar system at KMA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.478-486
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• 1993

For satisfactory greenhouse culture, environmental factors must be kept in proper conditions. Therefore, it is important to know relations between environmental conditions and greenhouse systems. In this study, the environment variations and distributions in different types of greenhouses were measured and analyzed. The elements of environment analyzed were temperature , relative humidity, illumination, carbon dioxide and wind velocity. The analyzed greenhouse types were three different types. One of them, A type, was propagation model type by government and the other one, B type, was multiple continuous arches type which was made by farmers himself. The last one, C type, was single arch type which has no environment control system without manual temperature keeping method. The results of this study can be used for reasonable greenhouse environments managements and control.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.27-33
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• 2005

The IMO manoeuvrability standard was established for preventing sea accidents such as collisions and strandings due to the lack of manoeuvrability. The standard of ship manoeuvrability enforced by resolution MSC.137(76) has been applied to vessels of 100m or more in length and all chemical tankers and gas carriers regardless of the length, which were constructed on or after 1 July 1994. The IMO manoeuvrability standard is able to be divided into three kinds as followings; (1) Turning capability standard: Estimated values in design stage are to be certified by turning cir치e test q the actual vessel (2) Course keeping quality standard: Estimated values in design stage are to be certified by 10 deg. and 20 deg. zig-zag tests of the actual vessel. (3) Shortest stopping distance standard: Estimated value in design stage is to be certified by the shortest stopping distance tested by the actual vessel. In this paper, the authors verified the criteria of IMO manoeuvrability standard comparing them with the values resulted from sea trial tests of various kinds q actual vessels and examined separately the validity of all criteria of the standard.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.639-643
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• 2003

The emphasis is put on the detailed knowledge on manoeuvring characteristic for the safe navigation while avoiding terrible collision between ships and on the guideline to the design and operation of the ship-waterway system The numerical simulation of manoeuvring motion was carried out parametrically for different ship types, ship-velocity ratios, separation and stagger between ships. As for the calculation parameters, the ratios of velocity difference (hereafter, $U_2$/$U_1$ ) between two ships were considered as 0.6, 1.2, 1.5. From the inspection of this investigation, it indicates the following result. Considering the interaction force only as parameter, the lateral distance between ships is necessarily required for the ship-velocity ratio of 1.2, compared to the cases of 0.6 and 1.5 regardless of the ship types. Furthermore, regardless of the ship-velocity ratio, an overtaking and overtaken vessel can be manoeuvred safely without deviating from the original course under the following conditions: the lateral distance between two vessels is approximately kept at 0.5 times of ship-length and 5 through 10. degrees of range in maximum rudder angle. The manoeuvring characteristic based on this investigation will be very useful for keeping the safety of navigation from the practical point of ships design and traffic control in restricted waterways.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.77-92
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• 1996

When an automatic course-keeping is concerned as is quite popular in modern navigation the closed-loop steering system consists of autopilot device power unit (or telemotor unit) steering gear magnetic or gyro compass and ship dynamics. The consideration of irregular disturbances to ship dyanmics and a few non-linear mechanisms involved in the system inevitably or artificially are known to be very important in properly evaluating or analyzing the automatic steering system. In the present study the mathematical model of each element of an automatic steering system is derived which takes account of a fex non-linear mechanisms. PD(Proportional-Derivative) controller and low-pass filter with a weather adjustment are adopted to modelling the characteristics of an autopilot. The calculation method of imposing irregular disturbances to ship dynamics is proposed where irregular disturbances implying irregular wave and the fluctuating component of wind. For he evaluation of automatic steering system of ships in the open seas an important term "performance index" is introduced from the viewpoint of energy saving which derived from the concept of energy loss on ship propulsion. Finally the present methods are applied to two typical types of ship ; an ore carrier and a fishing boat. The various effects of linear and/or non-linear control constants of autopilot on propulsive energy loss are investigated to validate and clarify the present smulation technique.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

Commerce information high schools offer diverse computer related courses, and a number of different textbooks were published for each course. Since each corse covers broad area, the textbook has difficulties in keeping up with the rapid change. It is even more difficult to find textbooks that suit the needs and requirements of a school. Very frequently, chapters on application software cover software packages that are different from what school has in terms of producer or version. This kind of difficulties can be overcome by subdividing textbooks into lessons, and selecting lessons and textbooks for them that are most appropriate for each school. This paper proposes a way to subdivide computer textbooks into lessons, and discusses the advantages that come from it.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.508-519
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• 2018

In order to design the hull form of an underwater vehicle in the conceptual design phase, the dynamic characteristics depending on the hull form parameters should be identified. Course-keeping stability, turning ability, yaw-checking ability, and mission competence are set to be the indices of the dynamic characteristics, and the geometric parameters for the bare hull and rudder are set to be the hull form design parameters. The total sensitivity of the dynamic characteristics with respect to the hull form parameters is calculated by the chain rule of the partial sensitivity of the dynamic characteristics with respect to the hydrodynamic coefficients, and the partial sensitivity of the hydrodynamic coefficients with respect to the hull form parameters. Based on the sensitivity analysis, important hull form parameters are selected, and those optimal values to satisfy the required intercept time of mission competence of a specific underwater vehicle and turning rate are estimated.