• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.382-390
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• 1992

The problem of natural convection from a vertical fin is solved by coupling the thermal diffusion equation in the fin to the constitutive equations of the ambient medium involving the radiation of the medium. The analysis is accomplished by employing an integral method. The governing equations for the problem are solved by shooting method based on the Runge-Kutta Scheme at Pr= 0.7. For the range of values of the fin parameter and the radiation-conduction parameter in the analysis, the numerical results show that the radiation effects play an important role in the heat transfer and enhance the heat transfer.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2006

Pongamia pinnata Pierre is a tree legume, having potential in production of raw material for biodiesel. A protocol for in wk propagation of this plant was standardized using seedling explants. Growth regulators (GR) including gibberellic acid $(GA_3),\;N^6-benzylaminopurine(BA)$, thidiazuron (TDZ), and Adenine sulphate (Ads) were tested for optimum germination of seeds. Removal of seed coat prior to germination, controlled fungal growth partially but enhanced bacterial growth. Antibiotic cefotaxime was ineffective in controlling bacterial contamination. Seedling derived nodal explants and cotyledon nodes with attached cotyledons were excised and cultured for induction of shoots. Optimum sprouting and multiplication of shoot buds were obtained in MS medium supplemented with $8.88{\mu}M$ BA. These buds differentiated and rooted on medium devoid of GR. Optimum growth of Pongamia seedling was obtained in cotton plugged culture vessels. Reculturing of the cotyledon node explants produced more shoots from the same site. This process of removing shoots and reculturing of cotyledon node was followed for eight passages yielding 4 to 8 shoots in each cycle. The shoots (75%) rooted on half strength MS basal medium supplemented with 0.22% charcoal. All plants survived on transfer to soil. This is the first report on in vitro regeneration of Pongamia pinnata. This report demonstrates the possibility of coupling more than one parameter in single experiment to hasten the process of standardization. The process of cycling the nodal explant repeatedly for production of large number of shoots from single meristem may find application in genetic transformation experiments wherein meristems are used for transformation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.931-947
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• 2016

The effects of nanotechnology and smartness on the buckling reduction of pipes are the main contributions of present work. For this ends, the pipe is simulated with classical piezoelectric polymeric cylindrical shell reinforced by armchair double walled boron nitride nanotubes (DWBNNTs), The structure is subjected to combined electro-thermo-mechanical loads. The surrounding elastic foundation is modeled with a novel model namely as orthotropic nonhomogeneous Pasternak medium. Using representative volume element (RVE) based on micromechanical modeling, mechanical, electrical and thermal characteristics of the equivalent composite are determined. Employing nonlinear strains-displacements and stress-strain relations as well as the charge equation for coupling of electrical and mechanical fields, the governing equations are derived based on Hamilton's principal. Based on differential quadrature method (DQM), the buckling load of pipe is calculated. The influences of electrical and thermal loads, geometrical parameters of shell, elastic foundation, orientation angle and volume percent of DWBNNTs in polymer are investigated on the buckling of pipe. Results showed that the generated ${\Phi}$ improved sensor and actuator applications in several process industries, because it increases the stability of structure. Furthermore, using nanotechnology in reinforcing the pipe, the buckling load of structure increases.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1974

본 연구는 탄성파 지연선에 이용되는 탄성표면파중에서 SH표면파 모우드에 대하여 이론적 해석을 하였으며 그 결과 전기-기계적 결합계수가 크며 또한 여전 매질내 깊이 방향으로 아주 작은 감쇠률을 갖고 표면을 따라 전파됨을 알았단. 예로서 PZT-4인 경우 에너지의 80%가 감쇠되는 깊이는 190파장이 된다. 또한 탄성표면파 지연선을 하나의 계단자강으로서 취급하여 삽입손실를 구하였으며 특히 SH표면파 모우드와 같이 전기-기계론 결합계수가 큰 경우는 인터디지탈 트랜스듀셔의 전극폭과 윤극간 간격 사이의 비에 따라 중심 주파수가 현저히 달라진다. 그리고 탄성파 지연선의 온도계수를 벌크파인 종파, 횡파에 대하여 구하였으며 LiTaO2 Z축방향 전파의 횡파는 지연시간의 온도계수가 5.4X10-6/℃로 아주 작아짐을 알았다. 또한 LiNbO3의 130°, 64° 로테이트 Y캇트, X전파의 탄성표면파의 온도계수가 이론치와 잘 일치함을 실험적으로 확인하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2009

Composite wood materials are very sensitive to water and inspection without any coupling medium of a liquid is really needed to wood materials due to the permeation of coupling medium such as water. However, air-coupled ultrasound has obvious advantages over water-coupled experimentation compared with conventional C-scanner. In this work, it is desirable to perform contact-less nondestructive evaluation to assess wood material homogeneity. A wood material was nondestructively characterized with non-contact and contact modes to measure ultrasonic velocity using automated data acquisition software. We have utilized a proposed peak-delay measurement method. Also through transmission mode was performed because of the main limitation for air-coupled transducers, which is the acoustic impedance mismatch between most materials and air. The variation of ultrasonic velocity was found to be somewhat difference due to air-coupled limitations over conventional scan images. However, conventional C-scan images are well agreed with increasing the resin-infiltrated time as expected. Finally, we have developed a measurement system of an ultrasonic velocity based on data acquisition software for obtaining ultrasonic quantitative data for correlation with C-scan images.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.799-804
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• 2016

광대역 전력선 통신은 전류의 흐름과 함께 효과적인 양방향 통신을 얻기 위하여 전력선 분배망을 통신 매체로 이용한다. 그러나 전력선은 통신에 최적화된 채널이 아니므로 인터넷, 음성 및 데이터 서비스에 대한 통신 시스템의 개발은 시뮬레이션에 의한 성능 분석에 적합한 측정 기반의 전송 모델을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 복잡한 전달 함수를 기술하는 분석 모델을 다중 전력선 모델의 감쇠 및 경로 파라미터를 획득하는데 이용하였으며 이를 바탕으로 주파수 응답특성을 계산하였다. 계산된 결과는 다중경로에 의한 주파수 선택성 페이딩과 주파수에 대한 신호의 감쇄를 보여주었으며 이는 실험 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 이론모델에 적용한 배전선을 실험적으로 구성한 후 배전선에 전기적인 신호를 인가하는 방법으로 비접촉식 결합을 위한 페라이트 코어로 구성된 유도 결합 장치를 사용하였다. 신호 결합 손실은 커플러에 감긴 권선수에 의해 최소화 될 수 있다. 3회 권선 결합 효율은 일회 권선 결과보다 6dB 이상 개선됨을 보였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2007

Gene encoding cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase), from thermotolerant Paenibacillus sp. T16 isolated from hot spring area in northern Thailand, was cloned and expressed in E. coli (JM109). The nucleotide sequences of both wild type and transformed CGTases consisted of 2139 bp open reading frame, 713 deduced amino acids residues with difference of 4 amino acid residues. The recombinant cells required 24 h culture time and a neutral pH for culture medium to produce compatible amount of CGTase compared to 72 h culture time and pH 10 for wild type. The recombinant and wild-type CGTases were purified by starch adsorption and phenyl sepharose column chromatography and characterized in parallel. Both enzymes showed molecular weight of 77 kDa and similar optimum pHs and temperatures with recombinant enzyme showing broader range. There were some significant difference in pH, temperature stability and kinetic parameters. The presence of high starch concentration resulted in higher thermostability in recombinant enzyme than the wild type. The recombinant enzyme was more stable at higher temperature and lower pH, with lower $K_m$ for coupling reaction using cellobiose and cyclodextrins as substrates.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2014

This study investigates the effects of nanoparticle size and temperature on the thermal conductivity enhancement of water-based alumina ($Al_2O_3$) nanofluids, using the centrifuging method and relative centrifugal forces of differing magnitude to produce nanofluids of three different particles without involving any dispersants or surfactants. We determined the coupling dependency in thermal conductivity enhancement relative to nanoparticle size and temperature of the alumina nanofluids and also experimentally showed that the effect of temperature on thermal conductivity is strongly dependent on nanoparticle size. Also, our experimental data presented that the effective medium theory models such as the Maxwell model and Hasselman and Johnson model are not sufficient to explain the thermal conductivity of nanofluids since they cannot account for the temperature- and size-dependent nature of water-based alumina nanofluids.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.499-505
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• 1994

Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotrans­f ferase(CGTase)를 전분흡착법과 DEAE--cellulose 칼럼 크로마토그래피로 정제하였다. 효소의 분자량 은 67,000이였고 monomer였다. 정제된 효소는 전 분을${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$-CD 로 전환시켰으며, CD생성비율은 각각 1 : 1.68: 0.32였다. ${\alpha}$-CD와 D-glucose의 coupling반응 초기에는 maltohexose가 주로 생성되었고, 그 후에 다른 oligosaccharide들이 생성되었다 .. a­C CD의 가수분해반응 초기에는 주로 maltotetrose가 생성되였고 그 이후에는 소량의 다른 이Igosa­C ccharide들이 생성되었다. 정제된 효소의 좋은 기질인 maltotriose 로부터 maltosyl 이나 D-glucopy ranosyl group이 전이될 수 있는데, 본 연구에서는 D정lucosyl transfer가 우세하였다.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1995

지하터널은 그 경계가 반무한영역에서 설정되고 재료나 형상의 복잡성을 갖고 있기 때문에, 동적하중에 대하여 정확한 거동을 해석하기 위해서는 3차원 동적해석이 필요하다. 이때 일반적인 수치해석기법인 유한요소만을 이용한 방법은 인위적 경계에서의 파의 반사, 입력자료의 방대함 등으로 인하여 효율적이지 못하게 된다. 본 연구는 이러한 점을 고려하여 지하터널에 직접 가해지는 동적하중에 대한 효율적인 해석기법을 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 개발된 프로그램에서 지반의 반무한성은 3차원 경계요소로 고려되었으며, 구조물에는 3차원 동적해석을 수행한 결과 기존의 2차원 터널해석에서 고려가 곤란했던 차량의 진행하중으로 인한 반복효과가 합리적으로 반영되는 것으로 분석되었다.