• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.239-242
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• 2017

This paper proposes a low-cost method for counting people based on blob detection and blob tracking. Here background subtraction is used to detected blob and then the blob is classified with its width and height to specify that the blob is a person. In this system we first define the area of entry and exit point in the video frame. The counting of people starts when midpoint of the people blob crosses the defined point. Finally, total number of people entry and exit from the place is displayed. Experiment result of this proposed system has high accuracy in real-time performance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1465-1473
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• 1994

This paper describes the development strategy and contents of a fatigue life evaluation system, FLEVA. The system is composed of 4 parts; material properties, load histories, cycle counting and life prediction. The cycle counting is based on the rain-flow counting method and peak counting method, and the life prediction is performed based on the linear damage rule. Material properties(static, fatigue) are also provided as a database obtained by a computer aided test system. Case study is performed to verify the developed program.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.172-174
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• 2009

This paper describes an implementation method for the 'People Counting System' which detects and tracks moving people using a fixed single camera. This system proposes the method of improving performances by compensating weakness of existing algorithm. For increasing effect of detection, this system uses Single Gaussian Background Modeling which is more robust at noise and has adaptiveness. It minimizes unnecessarily detected area that is a limitation of the detecting method by using the background differences. And this system prevents additional detecting problems by removing shadow. Also, This system solves the problems of segmentation and union of people by using a new method. This method can work appropriately, if the angle of camera would not strictly vertical or the direction of shadow were lopsided. Also, by using integration System, it can solve a number of special cases as many as possible. For example, if the system fails to tracking, it will detect the object again and will make it possible to count moving people.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1973-1978
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• 2011

The almost existing automated pedestrian systems are not well suited to the task of counting pedestrians in outdoor environments, and little is known about their effectiveness and accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a system to count pedestrians in crowds from a outdoor camera. And we describes pedestrian counting which detects and count moving people based pixel counting. This method is intended to estimates the number of people in outdoor environment.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.11-16
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• 1997

This paper describes the grenade counting system developed for DPICM submunition analysis using the infrared video streams, and its some video stream processing technique. The video stream data processing procedure consists of four sequences; Analog infrared video stream recording, video stream capture, video stream pre-processing, and video stream analysis including the grenade counting. Some applications of this algorithms to real bursting test has shown the possibility of automation for submunition counting.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

In Chinese mathematics, there have been two numeral systems, namely one in spoken language for recording and the other by counting rods for computations. They concerned with problems dealing with practical applications, numbers in them are concrete numbers except in the process of basic operations. Thus they could hardly develop a pure theory of numbers. In Song dynasty, 0 and TianYuanShu were introduced, where the coefficients were denoted by counting rods. We show that in this process, counting rods took over the role of the numeral system in spoken language and hence counting rod numeral system plays the role of that for abstract numbers together with the tool for calculations. Decimal fractions were also understood as denominate numbers but using the notions by counting rods, decimals were also admitted as abstract numbers. Noting that abacus replaced counting rods and TianYuanShu were lost in Ming dynasty, abstract numbers disappeared in Chinese mathematics. Investigating JianJie YiMing SuanFa(簡捷易明算法) written by Shen ShiGui(沈士桂) around 1704, we conclude that Shen noticed repeating decimals and their operations, and also used various rounding methods.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out whether or not there are differences of effects when we count breaths on inspiration or expiration, and how differently the effects show up according to gender or Sasang Constitution Methods A group of 79 participants were enrolled and diagnosed Sasang Constitution by Sasang Constitution Diagnosis System of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Physical responses to respiratory changes were measured by Biofeedback sensors that were attached to the participants while they were seated comfortably on a sofa and breathing normally without counting for 5 minutes, counting on inspiration for 5 minutes, and counting on expiration for 5 minutes. Results and Conclusions 1. Mean heart rate and respiration rate decreased in association with breathing counting on inspiration and expiration more than breathing normally without counting. Especially respiration rate was stabilized during counting on inspiration and mean heart rate was stabilized during counting on expiration. 2. Interaction between breathing methods and gender did not appear. In comparison between gender, LF/HF ratio was higher in male during breathing normally without counting and counting on inspiration. Body temperature was higher in male during counting on inspiration and expiration. 3. Interaction between breathing methods and Sasang Constitution did not appear. In comparison between Sasang Constitution, mean heart rate was higher in Soyang-in, Soeum-in than Taeeum-in and abdominal amplitude was lower in Taeeum-in than Soeum-in.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.404-409
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• 1992

It is important to measure the somatic informations for stockbreeding automatization. This study was carried out for the development of wireless measurement system of sphygmus in living animals. In meauring sphygmus counting with the single-channel telemety system, a LED-photo transistor sensor showed more sensitivity to the change of blood pressure than a piezo-electric sensor based pressure sensor. The LED-photo transistor sensor resulted ${\pm}1.29%$ of measurement error of sphygmus counting. In the process of transmitting and receiving the blood pressure signal for counting sphygmus, noises were mixed with, and the noises made the counting almost impossible. Auto-correlation analysis technique was applied to the signal data to extract the sphygmus information, and the technique was proved to be very effective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.35-40
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• 2021

People counting data is crucial for most business owners, since they can derive meaningful information about customers movement within their businesses. For example, owners of the supermarkets can increase or decrease the number of checkouts counters depending on number of occupants. Also, it has many applications in smart buildings, too. Where it can be used as a smart controller to control heating and cooling systems depending on a number of occupants in each room. There are advanced technologies like camera-based people counting system, which can give more accurate counting result. But they are expensive, hard to deploy and privacy invasive. In this paper, we propose a method and a hardware sensor for counting people passing through a passage or an entrance using IR Infrared sensors. Proposed sensor operates at low voltage, so low power consumption ensure long duration on batteries. Moreover, we propose a new method that distinguishes human body and other objects. Proposed method is inexpensive, easy to install and most importantly, it is real-time. The evaluation of our proposed method showed that when counting people passing one by one without overlapping, recall was 96% and when people carrying handbag like objects, the precision was 88%. Our proposed method outperforms IR Infrared based people counting systems in term of counting accuracy.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.38-47
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• 2008

A vehicle counting system at intersection is designed and implemented using analyzing a video stream from a camera. To separate foreground image from background, we compare three different methods, among which Li's method is chosen. Blobs are extracted from the foreground image using connected component analysis and the blobs are tracked by a blob tracker, frame by frame. The primary tracker use only the size and location of blob in foreground image. If there is a collision between blobs, the mean-shift tracking algorithm based on color distribution of blob is used. The proposed system is tested using real video data at intersection. If some huristics is applied, the system shows a good detection rate and a low error rate.